90Sr, 238U, 234U, 137Cs, 40K and 239/240Pu in Emmental type cheese produced in different regions of Western Europe
A method is presented for the determination of 90Sr and uranium in Emmental type cheese collected in dairy plants from different European countries. Results display a significant correlation ( r=0.708, Student t-test=6.02) between the 90Sr content of the cheese and the altitude of grazing. The highe...
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Published in | Journal of environmental radioactivity Vol. 72; no. 3; pp. 287 - 298 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
2004
Elsevier |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | A method is presented for the determination of
90Sr and uranium in Emmental type cheese collected in dairy plants from different European countries. Results display a significant correlation (
r=0.708, Student
t-test=6.02) between the
90Sr content of the cheese and the altitude of grazing. The highest
90Sr activity is 1.13 Bq kg
−1 of cheese and the lowest is 0.29 Bq kg
−1. Uranium activity is very low with a highest
238U value of 27 mBq kg
−1. In addition,
234U/
238U ratio shows a large enrichment in
234U for every location. Without any significant indication of the geographic origin of the cheese, this enrichment is believed to be due to the geological features of the pasture, soil and underground water. These results tend to prove that the contamination of milk by uranium originates principally from the water that the cows drink instead of the forage. This finding may have a great importance in models dealing with dairy food contamination by radionuclides following a nuclear accident. Also, the
90Sr content and to a lesser extent the
234U/
238U ratio could be used to trace the authenticity of the origin of the cheese.
137Cs activity is lower than the detection limit of 0.1 Bq kg
−1 in all the samples collected (
n=20). Based on natural
40K activity in cheese (15–21 Bq kg
−1), the decontamination factor for the alkaline cations from milk to cheese is about 20. Plutonium activity stays below the detection limit of 0.3 mBq kg
−1. |
---|---|
AbstractList | A method is presented for the determination of
90Sr and uranium in Emmental type cheese collected in dairy plants from different European countries. Results display a significant correlation (
r=0.708, Student
t-test=6.02) between the
90Sr content of the cheese and the altitude of grazing. The highest
90Sr activity is 1.13 Bq kg
−1 of cheese and the lowest is 0.29 Bq kg
−1. Uranium activity is very low with a highest
238U value of 27 mBq kg
−1. In addition,
234U/
238U ratio shows a large enrichment in
234U for every location. Without any significant indication of the geographic origin of the cheese, this enrichment is believed to be due to the geological features of the pasture, soil and underground water. These results tend to prove that the contamination of milk by uranium originates principally from the water that the cows drink instead of the forage. This finding may have a great importance in models dealing with dairy food contamination by radionuclides following a nuclear accident. Also, the
90Sr content and to a lesser extent the
234U/
238U ratio could be used to trace the authenticity of the origin of the cheese.
137Cs activity is lower than the detection limit of 0.1 Bq kg
−1 in all the samples collected (
n=20). Based on natural
40K activity in cheese (15–21 Bq kg
−1), the decontamination factor for the alkaline cations from milk to cheese is about 20. Plutonium activity stays below the detection limit of 0.3 mBq kg
−1. A method is presented for the determination of (90)Sr and uranium in Emmental type cheese collected in dairy plants from different European countries. Results display a significant correlation (r = 0.708 Student t-test = 6.02) between the (90)Sr content of the cheese and the altitude of grazing. The highest (90)Sr activity is 1.13 Bq kg(-1) of cheese and the lowest is 0.29 Bq kg(-1). Uranium activity is very low with a highest (238)U value of 27 mBq kg(-1). In addition, (234)U/(238)U ratio shows a large enrichment in (234)U for every location. Without any significant indication of the geographic origin of the cheese, this enrichment is believed to be due to the geological features of the pasture, soil and underground water. These results tend to prove that the contamination of milk by uranium originates principally from the water that the cows drink instead of the forage. This finding may have a great importance in models dealing with dairy food contamination by radionuclides following a nuclear accident. Also, the (90)Sr content and to a lesser extent the (234)U/(238)U ratio could be used to trace the authenticity of the origin of the cheese. (137)Cs activity is lower than the detection limit of 0.1 Bq kg(-1) in all the samples collected (n = 20). Based on natural (40)K activity in cheese (15-21 Bq kg(-1)), the decontamination factor for the alkaline cations from milk to cheese is about 20. Plutonium activity stays below the detection limit of 0.3 mBq kg(-1). |
Author | Valley, J.-F. Froidevaux, P. Geering, J.-J. Pillonel, L. Bosset, J.-O. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: P. surname: Froidevaux fullname: Froidevaux, P. email: pascal.froidevaux@inst.hospvd.ch organization: Institute of Applied Radiophysics, University of Lausanne, Grand Pré 1, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: J.-J. surname: Geering fullname: Geering, J.-J. organization: Institute of Applied Radiophysics, University of Lausanne, Grand Pré 1, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: L. surname: Pillonel fullname: Pillonel, L. organization: Federal Dairy Research Institute (FAM), Liebefeld, 3003 Bern, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: J.-O. surname: Bosset fullname: Bosset, J.-O. organization: Federal Dairy Research Institute (FAM), Liebefeld, 3003 Bern, Switzerland – sequence: 5 givenname: J.-F. surname: Valley fullname: Valley, J.-F. organization: Institute of Applied Radiophysics, University of Lausanne, Grand Pré 1, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Keywords | Strontium-90 Cheese Food authenticity Milk-to-cheese transfer Uranium isotopes Dairy product Emmental Radioisotope Strontium Uranium Surveillance Cow milk Adulteration Quantitative analysis Chemical contamination |
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References_xml | – volume: 8 start-page: 211 year: 1990 end-page: 230 ident: BIB9 article-title: Method of determination of publication-title: Journal of Trace Microprobe Techniques contributor: fullname: Lerch – volume: 5 start-page: 130 year: 2001 end-page: 135 ident: BIB4 article-title: Uranium speciation, plant uptake, and phytoremediation publication-title: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management contributor: fullname: Kochian – volume: 34 start-page: 3895 year: 2000 end-page: 3899 ident: BIB3 article-title: Impact of preferential flow on radionuclide distribution in soil publication-title: Journal of Environmental Science and Technology contributor: fullname: Flühler – volume: 52 start-page: 237 year: 1991 end-page: 240 ident: BIB5 article-title: Some aspects of behaviour of publication-title: Radiochimica Acta contributor: fullname: Lerch – volume: 56 start-page: 327 year: 1989 end-page: 340 ident: BIB12 article-title: Health implications of 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start-page: 219 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/S0265-931X(03)00179-6_BIB14 article-title: Estimated dose to man from uranium milling via the beef/milk food chain pathway publication-title: Science of the Total Environment doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(83)90078-5 contributor: fullname: Rayno – volume: 199 start-page: 97 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/S0265-931X(03)00179-6_BIB11 article-title: Seawater (234U/238U) during the last 800 thousand years publication-title: Earth Planetary Science Letters doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00556-3 contributor: fullname: Henderson – volume: 52 start-page: 237 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/S0265-931X(03)00179-6_BIB5 article-title: Some aspects of behaviour of 90Sr in the environment publication-title: Radiochimica Acta doi: 10.1524/ract.1991.5253.1.237 contributor: fullname: Friedli – volume: 62 start-page: 181 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/S0265-931X(03)00179-6_BIB15 article-title: Global weapon’s fallout 137Cs in soils and transfer to vegetation in south-central Chile publication-title: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity doi: 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00160-6 contributor: fullname: Schuller |
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Snippet | A method is presented for the determination of
90Sr and uranium in Emmental type cheese collected in dairy plants from different European countries. Results... A method is presented for the determination of (90)Sr and uranium in Emmental type cheese collected in dairy plants from different European countries. Results... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Biological and medical sciences Cattle Cheese Europe Food authenticity Food Contamination Food industries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Milk Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams Milk-to-cheese transfer Plants, Edible - chemistry Strontium - analysis Strontium-90 Uranium - analysis Uranium isotopes |
Title | 90Sr, 238U, 234U, 137Cs, 40K and 239/240Pu in Emmental type cheese produced in different regions of Western Europe |
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