Probing the interaction of solvents with the stationary phase of C18 high-performance liquid chromatographic column material by variable-temperature dependent 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
VT 129Xe NMR was applied to probe the interactions of solvents having different polarity indices with the stationary phase of a RP-C18 HPLC column material. It was observed that the highly polar ethylene glycol molecules do not mix with the alkyl chains of the RP-C18 stationary phase and the solvent...
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| Published in | Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1121; no. 1; pp. 23 - 31 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
14.07.2006
Elsevier |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | VT
129Xe NMR was applied to probe the interactions of solvents having different polarity indices with the stationary phase of a RP-C18 HPLC column material. It was observed that the highly polar ethylene glycol molecules do not mix with the alkyl chains of the RP-C18 stationary phase and the solvent is unable to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Three phases in this sample are defined as stationary/xenon phase, xenon gas phase (in the pores and the spaces between the particles) and ethylene glycol/xenon phase. In contrast to ethylene glycol, the nonpolar solvent cyclohexane was observed to be well mixed with the RP-C18 stationary phase. The capillary rise effect allows the solvent to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Two phases in this sample are defined as stationary/cyclohexane/xenon phase and cyclohexane/xenon phases. The properties of ethyl acetate are between those of ethylene glycol and cyclohexane. The
129Xe NMR results show that the rational reversed phases should be conditioned from highly solvating to more polar solvents to remove the trapped air. The
129Xe NMR results also show that pure stationary phase exists only when a highly polar solvent is used in reversed-phase chromatography. For a solvent with lower polarity, a stationary/solvent phase actually forms. This, together with the mobile phase, determines the selective factor for separating mixtures. |
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| AbstractList | VT
129Xe NMR was applied to probe the interactions of solvents having different polarity indices with the stationary phase of a RP-C18 HPLC column material. It was observed that the highly polar ethylene glycol molecules do not mix with the alkyl chains of the RP-C18 stationary phase and the solvent is unable to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Three phases in this sample are defined as stationary/xenon phase, xenon gas phase (in the pores and the spaces between the particles) and ethylene glycol/xenon phase. In contrast to ethylene glycol, the nonpolar solvent cyclohexane was observed to be well mixed with the RP-C18 stationary phase. The capillary rise effect allows the solvent to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Two phases in this sample are defined as stationary/cyclohexane/xenon phase and cyclohexane/xenon phases. The properties of ethyl acetate are between those of ethylene glycol and cyclohexane. The
129Xe NMR results show that the rational reversed phases should be conditioned from highly solvating to more polar solvents to remove the trapped air. The
129Xe NMR results also show that pure stationary phase exists only when a highly polar solvent is used in reversed-phase chromatography. For a solvent with lower polarity, a stationary/solvent phase actually forms. This, together with the mobile phase, determines the selective factor for separating mixtures. VT (129)Xe NMR was applied to probe the interactions of solvents having different polarity indices with the stationary phase of a RP-C18 HPLC column material. It was observed that the highly polar ethylene glycol molecules do not mix with the alkyl chains of the RP-C18 stationary phase and the solvent is unable to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Three phases in this sample are defined as stationary/xenon phase, xenon gas phase (in the pores and the spaces between the particles) and ethylene glycol/xenon phase. In contrast to ethylene glycol, the nonpolar solvent cyclohexane was observed to be well mixed with the RP-C18 stationary phase. The capillary rise effect allows the solvent to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Two phases in this sample are defined as stationary/cyclohexane/xenon phase and cyclohexane/xenon phases. The properties of ethyl acetate are between those of ethylene glycol and cyclohexane. The (129)Xe NMR results show that the rational reversed phases should be conditioned from highly solvating to more polar solvents to remove the trapped air. The (129)Xe NMR results also show that pure stationary phase exists only when a highly polar solvent is used in reversed-phase chromatography. For a solvent with lower polarity, a stationary/solvent phase actually forms. This, together with the mobile phase, determines the selective factor for separating mixtures. VT (129)Xe NMR was applied to probe the interactions of solvents having different polarity indices with the stationary phase of a RP-C18 HPLC column material. It was observed that the highly polar ethylene glycol molecules do not mix with the alkyl chains of the RP-C18 stationary phase and the solvent is unable to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Three phases in this sample are defined as stationary/xenon phase, xenon gas phase (in the pores and the spaces between the particles) and ethylene glycol/xenon phase. In contrast to ethylene glycol, the nonpolar solvent cyclohexane was observed to be well mixed with the RP-C18 stationary phase. The capillary rise effect allows the solvent to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Two phases in this sample are defined as stationary/cyclohexane/xenon phase and cyclohexane/xenon phases. The properties of ethyl acetate are between those of ethylene glycol and cyclohexane. The (129)Xe NMR results show that the rational reversed phases should be conditioned from highly solvating to more polar solvents to remove the trapped air. The (129)Xe NMR results also show that pure stationary phase exists only when a highly polar solvent is used in reversed-phase chromatography. For a solvent with lower polarity, a stationary/solvent phase actually forms. This, together with the mobile phase, determines the selective factor for separating mixtures.VT (129)Xe NMR was applied to probe the interactions of solvents having different polarity indices with the stationary phase of a RP-C18 HPLC column material. It was observed that the highly polar ethylene glycol molecules do not mix with the alkyl chains of the RP-C18 stationary phase and the solvent is unable to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Three phases in this sample are defined as stationary/xenon phase, xenon gas phase (in the pores and the spaces between the particles) and ethylene glycol/xenon phase. In contrast to ethylene glycol, the nonpolar solvent cyclohexane was observed to be well mixed with the RP-C18 stationary phase. The capillary rise effect allows the solvent to enter the pores and the spaces between the particles. Two phases in this sample are defined as stationary/cyclohexane/xenon phase and cyclohexane/xenon phases. The properties of ethyl acetate are between those of ethylene glycol and cyclohexane. The (129)Xe NMR results show that the rational reversed phases should be conditioned from highly solvating to more polar solvents to remove the trapped air. The (129)Xe NMR results also show that pure stationary phase exists only when a highly polar solvent is used in reversed-phase chromatography. For a solvent with lower polarity, a stationary/solvent phase actually forms. This, together with the mobile phase, determines the selective factor for separating mixtures. |
| Author | Mathias, Errol V. Chagolla, Danny Ba, Yong |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81751-3 10.1021/jp953653o 10.1021/j100031a029 10.1063/1.442917 10.1051/jcp/1988850147 10.1524/zpch.1987.152.Part_1_2.159 10.1021/ac50064a005 10.1021/ma00012a039 10.1021/ac9914824 10.1021/jp991312v 10.1021/ja990532j 10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.580 10.1021/ja00162a019 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81752-5 10.1016/0009-2614(78)85069-6 10.1002/1099-1492(200006)13:4<229::AID-NBM637>3.0.CO;2-S 10.1007/BF00646718 10.1016/0009-2614(93)90085-F 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19971130)35:16<2681::AID-POLB11>3.0.CO;2-5 10.1016/0009-2614(93)89219-8 10.1021/ac990081l 10.1021/ac990841s 10.1021/ja00365a053 10.1021/ac990823a 10.1021/ac960818w 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4063 10.1146/annurev.pc.42.100191.002245 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)91378-0 10.1002/1099-1492(200006)13:4<220::AID-NBM638>3.0.CO;2-F 10.1021/ja993053t 10.1021/ja972377j 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.039 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80804-H 10.1021/ac960453f 10.1016/S1387-1811(03)00463-3 10.1073/pnas.78.8.4946 10.1021/ja991443+ 10.1080/00268949108037729 10.1021/ja00017a001 10.1021/jp014600b |
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| Keywords | Interaction of stationary phase and solvents 129Xe NMR HPLC column material Solvent effect Reversed phase chromatography HPLC chromatography Xenon 129 NMR spectrometry Mobile phase Bonded stationary phase |
| Language | English |
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129Xe NMR was applied to probe the interactions of solvents having different polarity indices with the stationary phase of a RP-C18 HPLC column material. It... VT (129)Xe NMR was applied to probe the interactions of solvents having different polarity indices with the stationary phase of a RP-C18 HPLC column material.... |
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| SubjectTerms | 129Xe NMR Analytical chemistry Chemistry Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - instrumentation Exact sciences and technology HPLC column material Interaction of stationary phase and solvents Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods Other chromatographic methods Silicon Dioxide - chemistry Temperature |
| Title | Probing the interaction of solvents with the stationary phase of C18 high-performance liquid chromatographic column material by variable-temperature dependent 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
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