On the Performance of Metamaterial based Printed Circuit Antenna for Blood Glucose Level Sensing Applications: A Case Study

• Published in: Infocommunications journal Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 56 - 63
• Main Authors: Elwi, Taha A., Al-Khaylani, Hayder H., Rasheed, Wasan S., Al-Salim, Sana A., Khalil, Mohammed H., Abbas Ali, Lubna, Almukhtar Tawfeeq, Omar, Al-Hadeethi, Saba T., Ali, Dhulfiqar, Muqdad, Zainab S., Özbay, Serkan, Ismael, Marwah M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2024
• DOI: 10.36244/ICJ.2024.1.7
• ISSN: 2061-2079

Due to the urgent need to develop technologies for continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes individuals, poten tial research has been applied by invoking the microwave tech niques. Therefore, this work presents a novel technique based on a single port microwave circuit, antenna structure, based on Metamaterial (MTM) transmission line defected patch for sensing the blood glucose level in noninvasive process. For that, the proposed antenna is invoked to measure the blood glu cose through the field leakages penetrated to the human blood through the skin. The proposed sensor is constructed from a closed loop connected to an interdigital capacitor to magnify the electric field fringing at the patch center. The proposed an tenna sensor is found to operate excellently at the first mode, 0.6GHz, with S11 impedance matching less than -10dB. The proposed sensor performance is tested experimentally with 15 cases, different patients, through measuring the change in the S11 spectra after direct touching to the sensor a finger print of a patient. The proposed sensor is found to be effectively very efficient detector for blood glucose variation with a low manu facturing cost when printed on an FR-4 substrate. The experi mental measurements are analyzed mathematically to obtain the calibration equation of the sensor from the curve fitting. Finally, the theoretical and the experimental results are found to be agreed very well with a percentage of error less than 10%.