A critical review on the progress of emerging active and substrate materials for organic solar cells and device level fabrication techniques by solution process method
Energy crisis is one of the major issues at present at the global level. Harvesting of solar energy by photovoltaic cells has the potential to compensate for this large energy requirement. As commercially available silicon-based solar cells have many disadvantages like high processing cost, rigidity...
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| Published in | Next materials Vol. 8; p. 100595 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.07.2025
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Energy crisis is one of the major issues at present at the global level. Harvesting of solar energy by photovoltaic cells has the potential to compensate for this large energy requirement. As commercially available silicon-based solar cells have many disadvantages like high processing cost, rigidity, etc., organic solar cells are currently the subject of extensive research as an alternative to replace them. Because of the development of highly efficient donor-acceptor material, this type of solar cell has achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) above 20 %. Along with that side chain engineering of the active large and efficient optimization of nanoscale morphology of the active material also helps to enhance the performance of the solar cells. Generally, photovoltaic cells are composed of a cathode, anode, active layer made with donor and acceptor materials, and transparent substrate material. The active layer plays a pivotal role in the performance of the device and it mainly determines how effectively organic solar cells can convert solar energy to electrical energy. Furthermore, the substrate is also a crucial component since all other layers are deposited on it, allowing sunlight to pass through while serving as a barrier to shield the solar cells. In this review article, we have specifically concentrated on the development of active layers, substrate material, and the effects of nano-scale morphology. We also surveyed the different fabrication techniques by solution process methods for fabricating organic solar cells.
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•Organic solar cells are cheaper, less space-intensive, and require low maintenance.•The principle of photocurrent generation in organic solar cells has been discussed.•Classifications based on the device architecture and active layer are surveyed.•Emerging active and substrate materials and morphological effects are compiled.•Commonly used solution-processed fabrication techniques are summarized. |
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| AbstractList | Energy crisis is one of the major issues at present at the global level. Harvesting of solar energy by photovoltaic cells has the potential to compensate for this large energy requirement. As commercially available silicon-based solar cells have many disadvantages like high processing cost, rigidity, etc., organic solar cells are currently the subject of extensive research as an alternative to replace them. Because of the development of highly efficient donor-acceptor material, this type of solar cell has achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) above 20 %. Along with that side chain engineering of the active large and efficient optimization of nanoscale morphology of the active material also helps to enhance the performance of the solar cells. Generally, photovoltaic cells are composed of a cathode, anode, active layer made with donor and acceptor materials, and transparent substrate material. The active layer plays a pivotal role in the performance of the device and it mainly determines how effectively organic solar cells can convert solar energy to electrical energy. Furthermore, the substrate is also a crucial component since all other layers are deposited on it, allowing sunlight to pass through while serving as a barrier to shield the solar cells. In this review article, we have specifically concentrated on the development of active layers, substrate material, and the effects of nano-scale morphology. We also surveyed the different fabrication techniques by solution process methods for fabricating organic solar cells.
[Display omitted]
•Organic solar cells are cheaper, less space-intensive, and require low maintenance.•The principle of photocurrent generation in organic solar cells has been discussed.•Classifications based on the device architecture and active layer are surveyed.•Emerging active and substrate materials and morphological effects are compiled.•Commonly used solution-processed fabrication techniques are summarized. |
| ArticleNumber | 100595 |
| Author | Ghosh, Samaresh Bandyopadhyay, Anasuya Priya, Kumari Majhi, Jagannath Sharma, Sonal |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jagannath orcidid: 0000-0001-5119-9572 surname: Majhi fullname: Majhi, Jagannath – sequence: 2 givenname: Samaresh orcidid: 0000-0002-3338-3090 surname: Ghosh fullname: Ghosh, Samaresh – sequence: 3 givenname: Kumari orcidid: 0000-0002-2099-284X surname: Priya fullname: Priya, Kumari – sequence: 4 givenname: Sonal orcidid: 0000-0001-9185-5562 surname: Sharma fullname: Sharma, Sonal – sequence: 5 givenname: Anasuya orcidid: 0000-0003-0054-0341 surname: Bandyopadhyay fullname: Bandyopadhyay, Anasuya email: anasuya.bandyopadhyay@pe.iitr.ac.in |
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| Keywords | PDBT-T1 Flexible substrate PS ITO CuPc PV NFA IT-M P3HT OTR Organic solar cells PEDOT:PSS Tg PTB1 TPA-th-TPA Jsc PTB7 PTQ10 CIJ J71 ITIC PBDTTT-CT Voc PTB7-Th PCE MEH-PPV MDMO-PPV WVTR D/A F-OPVs CNC Eb PDMS FF HTL BTP-eC9 BHJ ICBM PFN-Br HOMO LUMO CIGS CdTe a-Si DSSCs OSCs NDI BTR-Cl PDI PC71BM PPV PM6 NFA-OPVs Exciton splitting mechanism PDI-DTT PTzBI-Si Device fabrications PDCBT D18 Active materials-donor and acceptor N2200 PBDB-T PC PC61BM PMMA ZR1 PEN DoD PI ETL Y6 PET PES |
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| Title | A critical review on the progress of emerging active and substrate materials for organic solar cells and device level fabrication techniques by solution process method |
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