On the predictive validity of attitudes: The roles of direct experience and confidence1
Previous research has demonstrated that behavior is more accurately predicted from attitudes formed via direct, behavioral interaction with the attitude object than from attitudes developed via indirect, nonbehavioral experience. The present research examined the hypothesis that the confidence with...
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| Published in | Journal of personality Vol. 46; no. 2; pp. 228 - 243 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.1978
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0022-3506 1467-6494 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1978.tb00177.x |
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| Abstract | Previous research has demonstrated that behavior is more accurately predicted from attitudes formed via direct, behavioral interaction with the attitude object than from attitudes developed via indirect, nonbehavioral experience. The present research examined the hypothesis that the confidence with which an attitude is held may be a mediating variable in the observed relationship between the manner of attitude formation and attitude‐behavior consistency. In the first experiment, it was demonstrated that subjects who formed their attitudes through direct experience held those attitudes more confidently and behaved more consistently with those attitudes than did subjects who formed their attitudes through indirect experience. In the second experiment, it was found that, regardless of the manner of attitude formation, subjects who were led to believe that they held their attitudes confidently displayed greater attitude‐behavior consistency than did subjects led to believe that they held their attitudes with little confidence. Taken together, the results suggest that it may be fruitful to view confidence both as a variable which mediates the effect of the manner of attitude formation on attitude‐behavior consistency and as one which, independent of how an attitude is formed, acts as a determinant of attitude‐behavior consistency. |
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| AbstractList | Previous research has demonstrated that behavior is more accurately predicted from attitudes formed via direct, behavioral interaction with the attitude object than from attitudes developed via indirect, nonbehavioral experience. The present research examined the hypothesis that the confidence with which an attitude is held may be a mediating variable in the observed relationship between the manner of attitude formation and attitude‐behavior consistency. In the first experiment, it was demonstrated that subjects who formed their attitudes through direct experience held those attitudes more confidently and behaved more consistently with those attitudes than did subjects who formed their attitudes through indirect experience. In the second experiment, it was found that, regardless of the manner of attitude formation, subjects who were led to believe that they held their attitudes confidently displayed greater attitude‐behavior consistency than did subjects led to believe that they held their attitudes with little confidence. Taken together, the results suggest that it may be fruitful to view confidence both as a variable which mediates the effect of the manner of attitude formation on attitude‐behavior consistency and as one which, independent of how an attitude is formed, acts as a determinant of attitude‐behavior consistency. |
| Author | Fazio, Russell H. Zanna, Mark P. |
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| Notes | The present research was supported by Canada Council Grant S76‐0344 to the second‐named author and was conducted while the first‐named author was supported by an NSF Graduate Fellowship. The authors wish to thank W. Curtis Banks, Joel Cooper, Michael Ross, and Clive Seligman for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark P. Zanna, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1. |
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| References | 1976; 12 1976; 33 1974; 30 1971; 19 1964; 28 1974; 81 1969; 4 1978; 4 1969; 12 1969; 34 1969; 25 1973 1977; 13 1975; 32 1971; 2 1972; 22 1935 1967 1966 Warner L. G. (b16_16) 1969; 34 b6_6 Fishbein M. (b8_8) 1967 Wicker A. W. (b20_20) 1971; 19 Allport G. W. (b1_1) 1935 Calder B. J. (b2_2) 1973 Fazio R. H. (b5_5) 1978; 4 McArthur L. A. (b11_11) 1969; 12 Norman R. (b12_12) 1975; 32 Wicker A. W. (b21_21) 1971; 2 Weigel R. H. (b18_18) 1974; 30 Rokeach M. (b14_14) 1972; 22 Fazio R. H. (b4_4) Fishbein M. (b7_7) 1966 Ehrlich H. J. (b3_3) 1969; 4 Wicker A. W. (b19_19) 1969; 25 Fishbein M. (b9_9) 1974; 81 b10_10 b17_17 b13_13 b15_15 |
| References_xml | – volume: 25 start-page: 41 year: 1969 end-page: 78 article-title: Attitudes versus actions: The relationship of verbal and overt behavioral responses to attitude objects publication-title: Journal of Social Issues – article-title: Attitudinal qualities relating to the strength of the attitude‐behavior relationship publication-title: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology – year: 1935 – volume: 34 start-page: 153 year: 1969 end-page: 169 article-title: Attitude as an interactional concept: Social constraint and social distance as intervening variables between attitudes and action publication-title: American Sociological Review – year: 1966 – volume: 13 start-page: 28 year: 1977 end-page: 45 article-title: On the consistency between attitudes and behavior: Look to the method of attitude formation publication-title: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology – year: 1967 – volume: 33 start-page: 793 year: 1976 end-page: 802 article-title: Increasing attitude‐behavior 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| Title | On the predictive validity of attitudes: The roles of direct experience and confidence1 |
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