Tumeurs épithéliales thymiques

Les tumeurs épithéliales thymiques regroupent les thymomes, les carcinomes thymiques et les tumeurs neuro-endocrines. Rares, elles représentent néanmoins 20 % des tumeurs du médiastin et 50 % de celles localisées dans le médiastin antérieur. Les thymomes, en particulier, peuvent être associés à des...

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Published inRevue de pneumologie clinique Vol. 66; no. 1; pp. 41 - 51
Main Authors Thomas, P.A., Payan-Defais, M.J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published Elsevier Masson SAS 01.02.2010
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Abstract Les tumeurs épithéliales thymiques regroupent les thymomes, les carcinomes thymiques et les tumeurs neuro-endocrines. Rares, elles représentent néanmoins 20 % des tumeurs du médiastin et 50 % de celles localisées dans le médiastin antérieur. Les thymomes, en particulier, peuvent être associés à des manifestations auto-immunes, dont principalement la myasthénie. Leur évolutivité clinique est très variable, depuis une relative indolence jusqu’au potentiel de métastases ganglionnaires et/ou systémiques. Cependant, même les patients porteurs de tumeurs invasives ont une histoire clinique longue, expliquant que des délais de survie de dix à 20 ans après le diagnostic ne sont pas toujours synonymes de guérison. En pratique, la classification anatomoclinique de Masaoka et la classification histologique de l’OMS conditionnent les stratégies thérapeutiques et permettent d’appréhender le pronostic. Leur traitement initial, et même celui de la récidive, repose essentiellement sur une chirurgie complète. Une radiothérapie postopératoire est systématiquement associée au traitement des formes invasives et/ou aux types histologiques agressifs. Les tumeurs inopérables ou métastatiques requièrent une chimiothérapie néoadjuvante à base de cisplatine et d’anthracyclines, suivie d’une chirurgie radicale et/ou d’une radiothérapie. Epithelial tumours of the thymus include thymomas, thymic carcinomas and neuro-endocrine tumours. Rare, they nevertheless represent 20% of all mediastinal tumours and 50% of those located in the anterior mediastinum. Thymomas, in particular, can be associated to auto-immune disorders, among which predominates myasthenia gravis. Their clinical behaviour varies widely, from a relative indolence to the potential of lymph node and/or systematic metastases. However, even patients with an invasive disease may have a long clinical history, explaining that a 10-year or 20-year survival from diagnosis does not imply a definitive cure. In daily practice, both the clinical Masaoka's staging system and the WHO histological classification condition the treatment strategies and allow to anticipate the prognosis. The initial treatment, as well as that of the recurrence, is based mainly on a complete resection. Postoperative radiotherapy is systematically added to the treatment of invasive tumours and/or to those with an aggressive histological subtype. Inoperable or metastatic tumours require a cisplatine and anthracyclin-based chemotherapy, followed by radical surgery and/or radiotherapy.
AbstractList Les tumeurs épithéliales thymiques regroupent les thymomes, les carcinomes thymiques et les tumeurs neuro-endocrines. Rares, elles représentent néanmoins 20 % des tumeurs du médiastin et 50 % de celles localisées dans le médiastin antérieur. Les thymomes, en particulier, peuvent être associés à des manifestations auto-immunes, dont principalement la myasthénie. Leur évolutivité clinique est très variable, depuis une relative indolence jusqu’au potentiel de métastases ganglionnaires et/ou systémiques. Cependant, même les patients porteurs de tumeurs invasives ont une histoire clinique longue, expliquant que des délais de survie de dix à 20 ans après le diagnostic ne sont pas toujours synonymes de guérison. En pratique, la classification anatomoclinique de Masaoka et la classification histologique de l’OMS conditionnent les stratégies thérapeutiques et permettent d’appréhender le pronostic. Leur traitement initial, et même celui de la récidive, repose essentiellement sur une chirurgie complète. Une radiothérapie postopératoire est systématiquement associée au traitement des formes invasives et/ou aux types histologiques agressifs. Les tumeurs inopérables ou métastatiques requièrent une chimiothérapie néoadjuvante à base de cisplatine et d’anthracyclines, suivie d’une chirurgie radicale et/ou d’une radiothérapie. Epithelial tumours of the thymus include thymomas, thymic carcinomas and neuro-endocrine tumours. Rare, they nevertheless represent 20% of all mediastinal tumours and 50% of those located in the anterior mediastinum. Thymomas, in particular, can be associated to auto-immune disorders, among which predominates myasthenia gravis. Their clinical behaviour varies widely, from a relative indolence to the potential of lymph node and/or systematic metastases. However, even patients with an invasive disease may have a long clinical history, explaining that a 10-year or 20-year survival from diagnosis does not imply a definitive cure. In daily practice, both the clinical Masaoka's staging system and the WHO histological classification condition the treatment strategies and allow to anticipate the prognosis. The initial treatment, as well as that of the recurrence, is based mainly on a complete resection. Postoperative radiotherapy is systematically added to the treatment of invasive tumours and/or to those with an aggressive histological subtype. Inoperable or metastatic tumours require a cisplatine and anthracyclin-based chemotherapy, followed by radical surgery and/or radiotherapy.
Author Thomas, P.A.
Payan-Defais, M.J.
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Keywords Thymomas
Neuro-endocrine tumours
Tumeurs neuro-endocrines
Thymomes
Carcinomes thymiques
Thymic carcinomas
Thymus
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Snippet Les tumeurs épithéliales thymiques regroupent les thymomes, les carcinomes thymiques et les tumeurs neuro-endocrines. Rares, elles représentent néanmoins 20 %...
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SubjectTerms Carcinomes thymiques
Neuro-endocrine tumours
Thymic carcinomas
Thymomas
Thymomes
Thymus
Tumeurs neuro-endocrines
Title Tumeurs épithéliales thymiques
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2009.12.004
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