NALSpatial: A Natural Language Interface for Spatial Databases

• Published in: IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering Vol. 37; no. 4; pp. 2056 - 2070
• Main Authors: Liu, Mengyi, Wang, Xieyang, Xu, Jianqiu, Lu, Hua, Tong, Yongxin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 01.04.2025
• Subjects: Chatbots; Computational modeling; Data models; Distributed databases; Indexing; Natural language interface; Natural language processing; query processing; semantic parsing; Semantics; spatial database; Spatial databases; Structured Query Language; Translation
• ISSN: 1041-4347; 1558-2191
• DOI: 10.1109/TKDE.2025.3525587

Spatial databases play a vital role in a number of applications ranging from geographic information systems to location-based services. Application tasks typically access underlying spatial data to answer queries. However, non-experts lack the expertise necessary for formulating spatial queries. To fill in this gap, we propose an effective framework that translates na tural l anguage queries over spatial data into executable database queries, called NALSpatial. The framework consists of two core phases: (i) natural language understanding and (ii) natural language translation . Phase (i) extracts key entity information, comprehends the query intent and determines the query type by employing natural language processing techniques and deep learning algorithms. The key entities and query type are passed to phase (ii), which makes use of entity mapping rules and structured language models to construct executable database queries. NALSpatial supports dealing with five types of queries including (i) basic queries (e.g. distance and area) , (ii) range queries , (iii) nearest neighbor queries , (iv) spatial join queries and (v) aggregation queries . We develop NALSpatial in an open-source extensible database system SECONDO. Extensive experiments show that NALSpatial on average achieves response time of about 2.5 seconds, translatability of 95% and translation precision of 92%, outperforming three state-of-the-art methods.