Schroeder's paradox in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review

• Published in: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews Vol. 173; p. 113050
• Main Authors: Chen, Lei, Chen, Yanyu, Tao, Wen-Quan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2023
• Subjects: Nafion; PEMFC; Proton exchange membrane; Schroeder's paradox; Water uptake; Water uptake; PEMFC; Proton exchange membrane; Schroeder's paradox; Nafion

Schroeder's paradox discovered by Schroeder in 1905 refers to the phenomenon that polymers have different maximum water uptake in the liquid and saturated vapor phases. For more than a hundred years, people have often debated whether this phenomenon conforms to thermodynamics. As proton exchang...