Assessment of the concentration, mobility, and bioavailability of Co, Cr, and Ni in soils from west Sabzevar ophiolitic complex, Iran

• Published in: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X Vol. 14; p. 100203
• Main Authors: Maleknia, Parisa, Mazhari, Seyed Ali, Ugwonoh, Nelson, Czigány, Szabolcs, Kasina, Monika, Myovela, Justine L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2025
• Subjects: Bioavailability; Heavy metals; Iran; Mobility; Sabzevar Range; Soils; Sabzevar Range; Mobility; Soils; Bioavailability; Iran; Heavy metals

[Display omitted] •Total Ni, Cr exceed Iranian maximum permissible levels.•Agricultural soils show 2–3 × higher metal bioavailability than natural soils.•Bioavailable Ni and Cr exceed safe limits despite low mobility in total.•Lithology and land use are key factors in heavy metal distribution in soi...