Modeling runoff and sediment yield at the event scale in semiarid watersheds
K2-RHEM, a recently integrated event-based rangeland watershed model, represents one of the few process-based models available for rangeland applications. However, to gain wider acceptance and demonstrate its reliability, comprehensive evaluation results are essential. In this study, K2-RHEM was eva...
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| Published in | International Soil and Water Conservation Research |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.07.2025
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| Abstract | K2-RHEM, a recently integrated event-based rangeland watershed model, represents one of the few process-based models available for rangeland applications. However, to gain wider acceptance and demonstrate its reliability, comprehensive evaluation results are essential. In this study, K2-RHEM was evaluated in five small semi-arid watersheds within the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Using extensive runoff and sediment data, along with field surveys on channel heads, soil textures, and channel cross-sections, the model showed strong performance in predicting hydrology metrics without calibration: NS ranged from 0.53 to 0.87 and KGE from 0.54 to 0.88 for runoff; NS from 0.59 to 0.85 and KGE from 0.69 to 0.90 for runoff peak; and NS from 0.98 to 0.99 and KGE from 0.94 to 0.98 for time to peak. Sediment yield predictions were particularly accurate in watersheds with significant channel incisions, with NS of 0.65 and KGE of 0.79. Good sediment yield calibration and validation results were achieved in three watersheds, and reasonable results achieved in the smallest watershed. Sediment yield and runoff peak were found to be sensitive to level of watershed discretization. Improved model performance was seen with additional rain gauges even in small watersheds. These findings demonstrate the potential of K2-RHEM as a reliable tool for the prediction of hydrology and erosion for small-scale rangeland watershed management and highlight the importance of both proper watershed discretization and rainfall data resolution in model applications. |
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| AbstractList | K2-RHEM, a recently integrated event-based rangeland watershed model, represents one of the few process-based models available for rangeland applications. However, to gain wider acceptance and demonstrate its reliability, comprehensive evaluation results are essential. In this study, K2-RHEM was evaluated in five small semi-arid watersheds within the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Using extensive runoff and sediment data, along with field surveys on channel heads, soil textures, and channel cross-sections, the model showed strong performance in predicting hydrology metrics without calibration: NS ranged from 0.53 to 0.87 and KGE from 0.54 to 0.88 for runoff; NS from 0.59 to 0.85 and KGE from 0.69 to 0.90 for runoff peak; and NS from 0.98 to 0.99 and KGE from 0.94 to 0.98 for time to peak. Sediment yield predictions were particularly accurate in watersheds with significant channel incisions, with NS of 0.65 and KGE of 0.79. Good sediment yield calibration and validation results were achieved in three watersheds, and reasonable results achieved in the smallest watershed. Sediment yield and runoff peak were found to be sensitive to level of watershed discretization. Improved model performance was seen with additional rain gauges even in small watersheds. These findings demonstrate the potential of K2-RHEM as a reliable tool for the prediction of hydrology and erosion for small-scale rangeland watershed management and highlight the importance of both proper watershed discretization and rainfall data resolution in model applications. |
| Author | Heilman, Phil Wei, Haiyan Guertin, Phillip David Polyakov, Viktor Efrat, Morin Goodrich, David Unkrich, Carl Shmilovich, Yuval Assouline, Shmuel Marra, Francesco |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Haiyan orcidid: 0000-0002-5567-2440 surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Haiyan email: haiyan@arizona.edu organization: School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Viktor surname: Polyakov fullname: Polyakov, Viktor organization: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research, Tucson, AZ, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: David orcidid: 0000-0001-7735-1448 surname: Goodrich fullname: Goodrich, David organization: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research, Tucson, AZ, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Morin surname: Efrat fullname: Efrat, Morin organization: Institute of Earth Sciences Jerusalem, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel – sequence: 5 givenname: Phillip David surname: Guertin fullname: Guertin, Phillip David organization: School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Shmuel orcidid: 0000-0002-3805-3971 surname: Assouline fullname: Assouline, Shmuel organization: Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization Rishon LeZion, Israel – sequence: 7 givenname: Phil orcidid: 0000-0002-1073-4564 surname: Heilman fullname: Heilman, Phil organization: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research, Tucson, AZ, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Carl surname: Unkrich fullname: Unkrich, Carl organization: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research, Tucson, AZ, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Yuval surname: Shmilovich fullname: Shmilovich, Yuval organization: Institute of Earth Sciences Jerusalem, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel – sequence: 10 givenname: Francesco orcidid: 0000-0003-0573-9202 surname: Marra fullname: Marra, Francesco organization: Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Italy |
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| Copyright | 2025 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation, China Water and Power Press, and China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research |
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| Keywords | K2-RHEM Watershed modeling WGEW |
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