Development and Validation of a New COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (NCAS)

The study aimed to develop and validate a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) anxiety scale. Three independent studies were done to achieve the stated aim of the research. Study 1 explored the factor structure of the scale. Study 2 aimed at confirming the factor structure and establishing test–retest...

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Published inJournal of health management p. 97206342211146
Main Authors Rehman, Usama, Shahnawaz, Mohammad Ghazi, Gupta, Kaveri, Khan, Neda Haseeb, Kharshiing, Korsi D., Kashyap, Drishti, Uniyal, Ritika, Khursheed, Masrat
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New Delhi, India SAGE Publications 18.08.2022
Subjects
EFA
concurrent and incremental validity
New COVID-19 anxiety scale
CFA
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Abstract The study aimed to develop and validate a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) anxiety scale. Three independent studies were done to achieve the stated aim of the research. Study 1 explored the factor structure of the scale. Study 2 aimed at confirming the factor structure and establishing test–retest reliability of NCAS. Study 3 aimed to test the incremental validity of the new scale over two most widely used scale (FCV-19S & CAS). EFA resulted in a three-dimensional factor structure with 4, 3, 5 items in ‘anxiety pertaining to threat posed by COVID-19’, ‘Anxiety pertained to public policies’ and ‘Anxiety pertaining to societal consequences’ respectively. CFA confirmed the findings of EFA and a higher order of ‘COVID-19 anxiety’ was also established. The test–retest reliability was found to be 0.91. NCAS shared 48% variance with FCV-19S (fear of COVID-19 scale) and 27% with CAS (Coronavirus anxiety scale). NCAS has significant incremental validity over FCV-19S and CAS in predicting self-reported mental health and life satisfaction. The scale would help in identifying people’s specific anxiety related to COVID-19, which would further help in their intervention/treatment.
AbstractList The study aimed to develop and validate a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) anxiety scale. Three independent studies were done to achieve the stated aim of the research. Study 1 explored the factor structure of the scale. Study 2 aimed at confirming the factor structure and establishing test–retest reliability of NCAS. Study 3 aimed to test the incremental validity of the new scale over two most widely used scale (FCV-19S & CAS). EFA resulted in a three-dimensional factor structure with 4, 3, 5 items in ‘anxiety pertaining to threat posed by COVID-19’, ‘Anxiety pertained to public policies’ and ‘Anxiety pertaining to societal consequences’ respectively. CFA confirmed the findings of EFA and a higher order of ‘COVID-19 anxiety’ was also established. The test–retest reliability was found to be 0.91. NCAS shared 48% variance with FCV-19S (fear of COVID-19 scale) and 27% with CAS (Coronavirus anxiety scale). NCAS has significant incremental validity over FCV-19S and CAS in predicting self-reported mental health and life satisfaction. The scale would help in identifying people’s specific anxiety related to COVID-19, which would further help in their intervention/treatment.
Author Gupta, Kaveri
Khan, Neda Haseeb
Rehman, Usama
Uniyal, Ritika
Kashyap, Drishti
Khursheed, Masrat
Shahnawaz, Mohammad Ghazi
Kharshiing, Korsi D.
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Keywords EFA
concurrent and incremental validity
New COVID-19 anxiety scale
CFA
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