Vortex Cordis as a Mechanism of Postshock Activation
Introduction: The ventricular apex has a helical arrangement of myocardial fibers called the “vortex cordis.” Experimental studies have demonstrated that the first postshock activation originates from the ventricular apex, regardless of the electrical shock outcome; however, the related underlying m...
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Published in | Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology Vol. 14; no. 3; pp. 295 - 302 |
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Language | English |
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Abstract | Introduction: The ventricular apex has a helical arrangement of myocardial fibers called the “vortex cordis.” Experimental studies have demonstrated that the first postshock activation originates from the ventricular apex, regardless of the electrical shock outcome; however, the related underlying mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that the vortex cordis contributes to the initiation of postshock activation. To clarify this issue, we numerically studied the transmembrane potential distribution produced by various electrical shocks.
Methods and Results: Using an active membrane model, we simulated a two‐dimensional bidomain myocardial tissue incorporating a typical fiber orientation of the vortex cordis. Monophasic or biphasic shock was delivered via two line electrodes located at opposite tissue borders. Transmembrane potential distribution during the monophasic shock at the center of the vortex cordis showed a gradient high enough to initiate postshock activation. The postshock activation from the center of the vortex cordis was not suppressed, regardless of the initiation of spiral wave reentry. Spiral wave reentry was induced by the monophasic shock when the center area of the vortex cordis was partially excited by the nonuniform virtual electrode polarization. Postshock activation following the biphasic shock also originated from the center of the vortex cordis, but it tended to be suppressed due to the narrower excitable gap around the center of the vortex cordis. The electroporation effect, which was maximal at the center of the vortex cordis, is another possible mechanism of postshock activation.
Conclusion: Our simulations suggest that the vortex cordis may cause postshock activation.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 295‐302, March 2003) |
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AbstractList | Introduction: The ventricular apex has a helical arrangement of myocardial fibers called the “vortex cordis.” Experimental studies have demonstrated that the first postshock activation originates from the ventricular apex, regardless of the electrical shock outcome; however, the related underlying mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that the vortex cordis contributes to the initiation of postshock activation. To clarify this issue, we numerically studied the transmembrane potential distribution produced by various electrical shocks.
Methods and Results: Using an active membrane model, we simulated a two‐dimensional bidomain myocardial tissue incorporating a typical fiber orientation of the vortex cordis. Monophasic or biphasic shock was delivered via two line electrodes located at opposite tissue borders. Transmembrane potential distribution during the monophasic shock at the center of the vortex cordis showed a gradient high enough to initiate postshock activation. The postshock activation from the center of the vortex cordis was not suppressed, regardless of the initiation of spiral wave reentry. Spiral wave reentry was induced by the monophasic shock when the center area of the vortex cordis was partially excited by the nonuniform virtual electrode polarization. Postshock activation following the biphasic shock also originated from the center of the vortex cordis, but it tended to be suppressed due to the narrower excitable gap around the center of the vortex cordis. The electroporation effect, which was maximal at the center of the vortex cordis, is another possible mechanism of postshock activation.
Conclusion: Our simulations suggest that the vortex cordis may cause postshock activation.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 295‐302, March 2003) |
Author | OZAWA, TOMOYA NAKAZAWA, KAZUO KAWASE, AYAKA NAMBA, TSUNETOYO YAO, TAKENORI ASHIHARA, TAKASHI IKEDA, TAKANORI ITO, MAKOTO |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: TAKASHI surname: ASHIHARA fullname: ASHIHARA, TAKASHI organization: Division of Cardiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: TSUNETOYO surname: NAMBA fullname: NAMBA, TSUNETOYO organization: Japanese Working Group on Cardiac Simulation and Mapping, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: TAKENORI surname: YAO fullname: YAO, TAKENORI organization: Division of Cardiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: TOMOYA surname: OZAWA fullname: OZAWA, TOMOYA organization: Division of Cardiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: AYAKA surname: KAWASE fullname: KAWASE, AYAKA organization: Japanese Working Group on Cardiac Simulation and Mapping, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: TAKANORI surname: IKEDA fullname: IKEDA, TAKANORI organization: Japanese Working Group on Cardiac Simulation and Mapping, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: KAZUO surname: NAKAZAWA fullname: NAKAZAWA, KAZUO organization: Japanese Working Group on Cardiac Simulation and Mapping, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: MAKOTO surname: ITO fullname: ITO, MAKOTO organization: Division of Cardiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan |
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Notes | istex:DA1D014E351D6C654D0277C9F442EDDBBF1D25D8 ArticleID:JCE02408 ark:/67375/WNG-KKBMQ8TJ-V This study was supported in part by Grants‐in‐Aid 12308046, 12670698, 14580843, and 14780658 for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; Grant‐in‐Aid 12B‐1 for Research and Development for Applying Advanced Computational Science and Technology; and the Halberg Prize of the 2nd International Symposium, Workshop on Chronoastrobiology and Chronotherapy to Dr. Ashihara. Manuscript received 13 September 2002; Accepted for publication 20 December 2002. |
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Snippet | Introduction: The ventricular apex has a helical arrangement of myocardial fibers called the “vortex cordis.” Experimental studies have demonstrated that the... |
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SubjectTerms | computer simulation electrical shock electroporation spiral wave ventricular defibrillation virtual electrode |
Title | Vortex Cordis as a Mechanism of Postshock Activation |
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