XPS characterization of vanadium carbide species formed during the atomization process in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy
Solid state surface phases formed on pyrolytic graphite platforms during the atomization of vanadium in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) have been characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Vanadium carbide V 8 C 7 , usually denoted as VC in previous literature,...
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Published in | Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 668 - 676 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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London
Royal Society of Chemistry
09.03.2022
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Abstract | Solid state surface phases formed on pyrolytic graphite platforms during the atomization of vanadium in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) have been characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Vanadium carbide V
8
C
7
, usually denoted as VC in previous literature, has been confirmed as the phase formed at the ashing temperature (1400 °C) and above, while the thermodynamically stable phase under these conditions (V
2
C) was not observed, suggesting kinetic control in the carbiding process. Some vanadium oxides detected in the XPS analysis are suspected to be an artifact of the technique: particularly VO, a V
2+
species produced at the excessively low temperature of 120 °C and probably originating from carbo-reduction favored by irradiation with X-rays. Also, V
2
O
5
is observed after the ashing at 1400 °C, which would be due to reoxidation of the lower V oxides during transfer from the ETAAS equipment to the UHV system. The present results confirm the presence of the "VC" intermediate in the ashing and atomization steps, suggested previously on the basis of inadequate characterization techniques.
Solid-state species deposited on L'vov platforms during ETAAS of vanadium solutions were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of vanadium carbide (VC) during ashing and atomization stages was confirmed. |
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AbstractList | Solid state surface phases formed on pyrolytic graphite platforms during the atomization of vanadium in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) have been characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Vanadium carbide V
8
C
7
, usually denoted as VC in previous literature, has been confirmed as the phase formed at the ashing temperature (1400 °C) and above, while the thermodynamically stable phase under these conditions (V
2
C) was not observed, suggesting kinetic control in the carbiding process. Some vanadium oxides detected in the XPS analysis are suspected to be an artifact of the technique: particularly VO, a V
2+
species produced at the excessively low temperature of 120 °C and probably originating from carbo-reduction favored by irradiation with X-rays. Also, V
2
O
5
is observed after the ashing at 1400 °C, which would be due to reoxidation of the lower V oxides during transfer from the ETAAS equipment to the UHV system. The present results confirm the presence of the "VC" intermediate in the ashing and atomization steps, suggested previously on the basis of inadequate characterization techniques.
Solid-state species deposited on L'vov platforms during ETAAS of vanadium solutions were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of vanadium carbide (VC) during ashing and atomization stages was confirmed. Solid state surface phases formed on pyrolytic graphite platforms during the atomization of vanadium in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) have been characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Vanadium carbide V8C7, usually denoted as VC in previous literature, has been confirmed as the phase formed at the ashing temperature (1400 °C) and above, while the thermodynamically stable phase under these conditions (V2C) was not observed, suggesting kinetic control in the carbiding process. Some vanadium oxides detected in the XPS analysis are suspected to be an artifact of the technique: particularly VO, a V2+ species produced at the excessively low temperature of 120 °C and probably originating from carbo-reduction favored by irradiation with X-rays. Also, V2O5 is observed after the ashing at 1400 °C, which would be due to reoxidation of the lower V oxides during transfer from the ETAAS equipment to the UHV system. The present results confirm the presence of the “VC” intermediate in the ashing and atomization steps, suggested previously on the basis of inadequate characterization techniques. Solid state surface phases formed on pyrolytic graphite platforms during the atomization of vanadium in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) have been characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Vanadium carbide V 8 C 7 , usually denoted as VC in previous literature, has been confirmed as the phase formed at the ashing temperature (1400 °C) and above, while the thermodynamically stable phase under these conditions (V 2 C) was not observed, suggesting kinetic control in the carbiding process. Some vanadium oxides detected in the XPS analysis are suspected to be an artifact of the technique: particularly VO, a V 2+ species produced at the excessively low temperature of 120 °C and probably originating from carbo-reduction favored by irradiation with X-rays. Also, V 2 O 5 is observed after the ashing at 1400 °C, which would be due to reoxidation of the lower V oxides during transfer from the ETAAS equipment to the UHV system. The present results confirm the presence of the “VC” intermediate in the ashing and atomization steps, suggested previously on the basis of inadequate characterization techniques. |
Author | Salas, Janeth Garaboto, Ángel Ruiz, Frine Brito, Joaquín L Benzo, Zully |
AuthorAffiliation | Universidad del Zulia Laboratorio de Análisis Instrumental Facultad Experimental de Ciencias Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM Centro de Química ‟Dr. Gabriel Chuchani Departamento de Química Universidad Técnica de Manabí Instituto de Investigación. Portoviejo Centro de Química ‟Dr. Gabriel Chuchani", Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Laboratorio de Química Analítica Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica "Antonio José de Sucre" UNEXPO Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies Laboratorio de Química Ambiental Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biosx_2024_100513 crossref_primary_10_1039_D3JA90013D crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molliq_2022_120747 crossref_primary_10_1039_D3JA90022C crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2023_125329 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cep_2023_109544 crossref_primary_10_1080_05704928_2023_2192268 |
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SubjectTerms | Atomic absorption analysis Atomizing Low temperature Photoelectrons Pyrolytic graphite Vanadium carbide Vanadium oxides X ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
Title | XPS characterization of vanadium carbide species formed during the atomization process in electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy |
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