Spatio-Temporal Variations of Indonesian Rainfall and Their Links to Indo-Pacific Modes

The analysis of rainfall patterns in the Indonesian region utilized the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method to identify spatial and temporal variations. The study evaluated the dynamic influence of the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and the Tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) on Indonesian rainfall usi...

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Published inAtmosphere Vol. 15; no. 9; p. 1036
Main Authors Ariska, Melly, Suhadi, Supari, Irfan, Muhammad, Iskandar, Iskhaq
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2024
Subjects
Analysis
Climate
Dipoles
Disasters
El Nino
El Nino events
El Nino phenomena
El Nino-Southern Oscillation event
Emergency preparedness
ENSO
Environmental assessment
EOF
Floods
Hydrometeorology
Identification methods
Indo-Pacific Region
IOD
Landslides & mudslides
Modes
Monthly rainfall
Oceans
Orthogonal functions
Policies
Precipitation
Precipitation variability
Public policy
Rain and rainfall
Rainfall
Rainfall patterns
Rainfall variability
Sea surface temperature
Southern Oscillation
spatio-temporal variations
Spatiotemporal data
Surface temperature
Temporal variations
Wind
Indian Ocean
Southeast Asia
Indonesia
Asia
Sumatra
Pacific Ocean
Australia
Sulawesi
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Abstract The analysis of rainfall patterns in the Indonesian region utilized the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method to identify spatial and temporal variations. The study evaluated the dynamic influence of the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and the Tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) on Indonesian rainfall using monthly data from the Southeast Asian Climate Assessment and Dataset (SACA&D) spanning from January 1981 to December 2016 and encompassing three extreme El Niño events in 1982/1983, 1997/1998 and 2015/2016. Using combined reanalysis and gridded-observation data, this study evaluates the potential impact of the two primary modes in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, namely the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Indonesian rainfall. The analysis using the EOF method revealed two main modes with variances of 35.23% and 13.07%, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that rainfall in Indonesia is highly sensitive to sea surface temperatures (SST) in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean (Niño3.4 and Niño3 areas), suggesting that changes in SST could significantly alter rainfall patterns in the region. This research is useful for informing government policies related to anticipating changes in rainfall variability as part of Indonesia’s preparedness for hydrometeorological disasters.
AbstractList The analysis of rainfall patterns in the Indonesian region utilized the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method to identify spatial and temporal variations. The study evaluated the dynamic influence of the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and the Tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) on Indonesian rainfall using monthly data from the Southeast Asian Climate Assessment and Dataset (SACA&D) spanning from January 1981 to December 2016 and encompassing three extreme El Niño events in 1982/1983, 1997/1998 and 2015/2016. Using combined reanalysis and gridded-observation data, this study evaluates the potential impact of the two primary modes in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, namely the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Indonesian rainfall. The analysis using the EOF method revealed two main modes with variances of 35.23% and 13.07%, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that rainfall in Indonesia is highly sensitive to sea surface temperatures (SST) in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean (Niño3.4 and Niño3 areas), suggesting that changes in SST could significantly alter rainfall patterns in the region. This research is useful for informing government policies related to anticipating changes in rainfall variability as part of Indonesia’s preparedness for hydrometeorological disasters.
Audience Academic
Author Suhadi
Irfan, Muhammad
Ariska, Melly
Supari
Iskandar, Iskhaq
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  publication-title: Jukung
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    fullname: Simanjuntak
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  article-title: Public health impacts of the severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September-October 2015: Demonstration of a new framework for informing fire management strategies to reduce downwind smoke exposure
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  doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094023
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Snippet The analysis of rainfall patterns in the Indonesian region utilized the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method to identify spatial and temporal variations....
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SubjectTerms Analysis
Climate
Dipoles
Disasters
El Nino
El Nino events
El Nino phenomena
El Nino-Southern Oscillation event
Emergency preparedness
ENSO
Environmental assessment
EOF
Floods
Hydrometeorology
Identification methods
Indo-Pacific Region
IOD
Landslides & mudslides
Modes
Monthly rainfall
Oceans
Orthogonal functions
Policies
Precipitation
Precipitation variability
Public policy
Rain and rainfall
Rainfall
Rainfall patterns
Rainfall variability
Sea surface temperature
Southern Oscillation
spatio-temporal variations
Spatiotemporal data
Surface temperature
Temporal variations
Wind
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Title Spatio-Temporal Variations of Indonesian Rainfall and Their Links to Indo-Pacific Modes
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/3110398604/abstract/
https://doaj.org/article/299b65f8d2a4466cb142ab9651039965
Volume 15
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