Retinal Endovascular Lysis in Ischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

• Published in: Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.) Vol. 114; no. 4; pp. 716 - 723.e1
• Main Authors: Feltgen, Nicolas, MD, Junker, Bernd, MD, Agostini, Hansjuergen, MD, Hansen, Lutz L., MD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 2007
• Subjects: Ophthalmology
• ISSN: 0161-6420; 1549-4713
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.064

Purpose Retinal endovascular lysis is a new therapeutic option for patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). In this procedure, a fibrinolytic agent is injected directly into a cannulated retinal vein after pars plana vitrectomy. Design Prospective interventional case series. Participants Thirteen strictly defined patients with ischemic CRVO. Methods Patients with a decimal visual acuity (VA) of 0.2 or worse were scheduled for surgery within the first 5 months after onset of CRVO. A full ocular examination, determination of VA (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts), and fluorescein angiography were done preoperatively and 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks postoperatively. Main Outcome Measure Visual acuity 1 year after retinal endovascular lysis. Secondary study end points were (1) correlation of VA and successful recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection into a retinal vein, (2) complication rate, and (3) number of additional surgical procedures within the first year after retinal endovascular lysis. Results All patients had an ischemic CRVO and completed the 1-year follow-up visit. Preoperative decimal VA was 0.063 +0.025/−0.018 (VA range, light perception [LP]–0.2); 6-week postoperative VA, 0.049 +0.024/−0.016 (LP–0.4); 3-month postoperative VA, 0.043 +0.019/−0.014 (LP–0.3); 6-month postoperative VA, 0.035 +0.022/−0.013 (blindness–0.4); and 12-month postoperative VA, 0.04 +0.026/−0.016 (blindness–0.4). Visual acuity changed 1 year after retinal endovascular lysis by −1.923±1.619 lines (+6 to −16 lines; P = 0.258). We considered the retinal endovascular lysis procedure to have been technically successful in 10 eyes. Visual changes did not depend on successful lysis. Six eyes developed neovascular glaucoma, of which 2 globes ended up with painful phthisis and had to be removed. Retinal detachment was found in 3 eyes and cataract in 4. Together, the 13 eyes needed 22 additional surgical procedures. Preoperative and postoperative angiographic examinations showed no significant changes. Conclusion Ischemic CRVO patients did not profit from retinal endovascular lysis in this pilot study. Visual results and the risk of developing iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma took the natural course. Although these results may be due to the overall bad prognosis of these particular ischemic eyes, the number of postoperative complications is unacceptably high.