Differential escape of neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and pre-emergent sarbecoviruses

The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 lineage, Omicron variant, was first detected in November 2021 and carries 32 amino acid mutations in the spike protein (15 in RBD) and exhibits significant escape of neutralizing antibodies targeting the parental SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we performed a high-resolution multipl...

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Main Authors Wang, Lin-Fa, Tan, Chee Wah, Chia, Wan Ni, Zhu, Feng, Young, Barnaby, Chantasrisawad, Napaporn, Hwa, Shi-Hsia, Yeoh, Aileen Ying-Yan, Lim, Beng Lee, Yap, Wee Chee, Pada, Surinder Kaur, Tan, Seow Yen, Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon, Chen, Shiwei, Zhang, Jinyan, Mah, Yun Yan, Chen, Vivian, Chen, Mark, Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn, Putcharoen, Opass, Lye, David
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 23.02.2022
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Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 lineage, Omicron variant, was first detected in November 2021 and carries 32 amino acid mutations in the spike protein (15 in RBD) and exhibits significant escape of neutralizing antibodies targeting the parental SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we performed a high-resolution multiplex (16-plex) surrogate virus neutralization assay covering all major SARS-CoV-2 variants and pre-emergent ACE2-binding sarbecoviruses against 20 different human serum panels from infected, vaccinated and hybrid immune individuals which had vaccine-breakthrough infections or infection followed by vaccination. Among all sarbecoviruses tested, we observed 1.1 to 4.7-, 2.3 to 10.3- and 0.7 to 33.3-fold reduction in neutralization activities to SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Omicron and SARS-CoV-1, respectively. Among the SARS-CoV-2 related sarbecoviruses, it is found that the genetically more distant bat RaTG13 and pangolin GX-P5L sarbecoviruses had less neutralization escape than Omicron. Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged from the changed immune landscape of human populations are more potent in escaping neutralizing antibodies, from infection or vaccination, than pre-emergent sarbecoviruses naturally evolved in animal populations with no or less immune selection pressure.
AbstractList The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 lineage, Omicron variant, was first detected in November 2021 and carries 32 amino acid mutations in the spike protein (15 in RBD) and exhibits significant escape of neutralizing antibodies targeting the parental SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we performed a high-resolution multiplex (16-plex) surrogate virus neutralization assay covering all major SARS-CoV-2 variants and pre-emergent ACE2-binding sarbecoviruses against 20 different human serum panels from infected, vaccinated and hybrid immune individuals which had vaccine-breakthrough infections or infection followed by vaccination. Among all sarbecoviruses tested, we observed 1.1 to 4.7-, 2.3 to 10.3- and 0.7 to 33.3-fold reduction in neutralization activities to SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Omicron and SARS-CoV-1, respectively. Among the SARS-CoV-2 related sarbecoviruses, it is found that the genetically more distant bat RaTG13 and pangolin GX-P5L sarbecoviruses had less neutralization escape than Omicron. Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged from the changed immune landscape of human populations are more potent in escaping neutralizing antibodies, from infection or vaccination, than pre-emergent sarbecoviruses naturally evolved in animal populations with no or less immune selection pressure.
Author Zhang, Jinyan
Young, Barnaby
Chantasrisawad, Napaporn
Chia, Wan Ni
Zhu, Feng
Chen, Mark
Tan, Seow Yen
Wang, Lin-Fa
Pada, Surinder Kaur
Lim, Beng Lee
Mah, Yun Yan
Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon
Tan, Chee Wah
Hwa, Shi-Hsia
Chen, Vivian
Yeoh, Aileen Ying-Yan
Chen, Shiwei
Yap, Wee Chee
Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn
Lye, David
Putcharoen, Opass
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  givenname: Chee Wah
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  organization: Thai Red Cross EID Health Science Centre
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  organization: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
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  givenname: David
  surname: Lye
  fullname: Lye, David
  organization: National Centre for Infectious Diseases
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crossref_primary_10_1126_science_adc9127
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Snippet The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 lineage, Omicron variant, was first detected in November 2021 and carries 32 amino acid mutations in the spike protein (15 in RBD) and...
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Title Differential escape of neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and pre-emergent sarbecoviruses
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