Production of ethanol from oil palm trunk by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process at bench scale
Abstract A largenumber of oil palm trees are replanted every year. Considering the extent of replanting and OPT’s high starch and sugar content, it was determined to be a potential raw material for bioethanol production. This study conducted ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fe...
Saved in:
Published in | IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science Vol. 1377; no. 1; pp. 12005 - 12009 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Bristol
IOP Publishing
01.07.2024
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Abstract A largenumber of oil palm trees are replanted every year. Considering the extent of replanting and OPT’s high starch and sugar content, it was determined to be a potential raw material for bioethanol production. This study conducted ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch-rich powder extracted from oil palm trunks. Fermentation was conducted on a 100 L bench scale to evaluate the feasibility and further development of the process before the process is implemented at a larger scale. The preparation of the starch-rich flour involves shredding, drying, and screening of the trunks until the starch-rich powder passes through an 80-mesh sieve. Furthermore, starch was liquefied and partially saccharified. Subsequent saccharification was performed simultaneously with fermentation. The initial total sugar content was adjusted to 15 % w/v and starch was enzymatically hydrolyzed using commercial α-amylase (Liquozyme) and glucoamylase (Novozyme) produced by NOVO. Fermentation was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hakken No. 1. Since the starch-rich flour contains useful nutrients and growth factors for microbes, the fermentation medium only required the addition of a nitrogen source (urea 1 g/L). The ethanol content after fermentation was approximately 8.7 % v/v with a fermentation ratio of 88.8 %. These results were obtained at a fermentation time of 60 h. One OPT yields 80 kg of starch-rich powder, equivalent to 33 liters of bioethanol. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Abstract A largenumber of oil palm trees are replanted every year. Considering the extent of replanting and OPT’s high starch and sugar content, it was determined to be a potential raw material for bioethanol production. This study conducted ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch-rich powder extracted from oil palm trunks. Fermentation was conducted on a 100 L bench scale to evaluate the feasibility and further development of the process before the process is implemented at a larger scale. The preparation of the starch-rich flour involves shredding, drying, and screening of the trunks until the starch-rich powder passes through an 80-mesh sieve. Furthermore, starch was liquefied and partially saccharified. Subsequent saccharification was performed simultaneously with fermentation. The initial total sugar content was adjusted to 15 % w/v and starch was enzymatically hydrolyzed using commercial α-amylase (Liquozyme) and glucoamylase (Novozyme) produced by NOVO. Fermentation was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hakken No. 1. Since the starch-rich flour contains useful nutrients and growth factors for microbes, the fermentation medium only required the addition of a nitrogen source (urea 1 g/L). The ethanol content after fermentation was approximately 8.7 % v/v with a fermentation ratio of 88.8 %. These results were obtained at a fermentation time of 60 h. One OPT yields 80 kg of starch-rich powder, equivalent to 33 liters of bioethanol. A largenumber of oil palm trees are replanted every year. Considering the extent of replanting and OPT’s high starch and sugar content, it was determined to be a potential raw material for bioethanol production. This study conducted ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch-rich powder extracted from oil palm trunks. Fermentation was conducted on a 100 L bench scale to evaluate the feasibility and further development of the process before the process is implemented at a larger scale. The preparation of the starch-rich flour involves shredding, drying, and screening of the trunks until the starch-rich powder passes through an 80-mesh sieve. Furthermore, starch was liquefied and partially saccharified. Subsequent saccharification was performed simultaneously with fermentation. The initial total sugar content was adjusted to 15 % w/v and starch was enzymatically hydrolyzed using commercial α-amylase (Liquozyme) and glucoamylase (Novozyme) produced by NOVO. Fermentation was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hakken No. 1. Since the starch-rich flour contains useful nutrients and growth factors for microbes, the fermentation medium only required the addition of a nitrogen source (urea 1 g/L). The ethanol content after fermentation was approximately 8.7 % v/v with a fermentation ratio of 88.8 %. These results were obtained at a fermentation time of 60 h. One OPT yields 80 kg of starch-rich powder, equivalent to 33 liters of bioethanol. |
Author | Abdurachman Pramana, Y S Paramitasari, D Musa Triwiyono, B Meidiawati, D P Tjahjono, A E Rustiaty, B Suparman |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: A E surname: Tjahjono fullname: Tjahjono, A E organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia – sequence: 2 givenname: D P surname: Meidiawati fullname: Meidiawati, D P organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia – sequence: 3 givenname: D surname: Paramitasari fullname: Paramitasari, D organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia – sequence: 4 surname: Suparman fullname: Suparman organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia – sequence: 5 givenname: B surname: Rustiaty fullname: Rustiaty, B organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia – sequence: 6 surname: Musa fullname: Musa organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia – sequence: 7 givenname: Y S surname: Pramana fullname: Pramana, Y S organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia – sequence: 8 surname: Abdurachman fullname: Abdurachman organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia – sequence: 9 givenname: B surname: Triwiyono fullname: Triwiyono, B organization: National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Research Center for Agroindustry, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia |
BookMark | eNqFkF1LwzAUhoNMcJv-BgNeeVF7kqxNeiljfsBAQb0OaZqwzjapSXuxf-9mZSIIXiUk7_OewzNDE-edQeiSwA0BIVLCsywhjGQpYZynJAVCAbITND3-TI534GdoFuMWIOcLVkxReA6-GnRfe4e9xabfKOcbbINvsa8b3KmmxX0Y3DsudzjW7dD0yhk_RByV1hsValtr9cUrV2FrQmtcPz50wWsTI1Y9Lo3TGxy1asw5OrWqiebi-5yjt7vV6_IhWT_dPy5v14mmwLKEk0IJxQVRVrACBC8NaKBK2IpSyxZVnjNKrKA5AC-IKanRnJRFRRm3Fiibo6uxd7_Gx2BiL7d-CG4_UjIQheAABexTfEzp4GMMxsou1K0KO0lAHgTLgzp50CgPgiWRo-A9yUay9t1P9f_U9R_UavXyOye7yrJP6AOM_Q |
Cites_doi | 10.4236/abb.2014.512109 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.03.001 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.034 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.136 10.1002/(SICI)1521-379X(199909)51:8/9<293::AID-STAR293>3.0.CO;2-F 10.1007/s00253-004-1819-8 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.06.011 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd – notice: Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
DBID | O3W TSCCA AAYXX CITATION ABUWG AFKRA ATCPS AZQEC BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO GNUQQ HCIFZ PATMY PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PYCSY |
DOI | 10.1088/1755-1315/1377/1/012005 |
DatabaseName | Open Access: IOP Publishing Free Content IOPscience (Open Access) CrossRef ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection Environmental Science Database Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Environmental Science Collection |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Environmental Science Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection Environmental Science Database ProQuest One Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: O3W name: IOP Publishing (Open access) url: http://iopscience.iop.org/ sourceTypes: Enrichment Source Publisher – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Geology |
EISSN | 1755-1315 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1088_1755_1315_1377_1_012005 EES_1377_1_012005 |
GroupedDBID | 1JI 2WC 4.4 5B3 5GY 5VS AAFWJ AAJIO AAJKP ABHWH ACAFW ACHIP AEFHF AEJGL AFKRA AFYNE AHSEE AIYBF AKPSB ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ASPBG ATCPS ATQHT AVWKF AZFZN BENPR BHPHI CCPQU CEBXE CJUJL CRLBU CS3 DU5 EDWGO EQZZN HCIFZ IJHAN IOP IZVLO KNG KQ8 N5L O3W OK1 PATMY PIMPY PJBAE PYCSY RIN SY9 T37 TR2 TSCCA W28 AAYXX CITATION ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO GNUQQ PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c2035-719a8a781af839087be0c02a8fd22f34d66321f82600791eb2ec71b9d237ff023 |
IEDL.DBID | O3W |
ISSN | 1755-1307 |
IngestDate | Thu Oct 10 22:24:31 EDT 2024 Wed Aug 07 14:03:49 EDT 2024 Tue Aug 20 22:16:38 EDT 2024 Sun Aug 18 18:10:26 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 1 |
Language | English |
License | Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2035-719a8a781af839087be0c02a8fd22f34d66321f82600791eb2ec71b9d237ff023 |
OpenAccessLink | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1377/1/012005 |
PQID | 3089870090 |
PQPubID | 4998669 |
PageCount | 5 |
ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_1377_1_012005 iop_journals_10_1088_1755_1315_1377_1_012005 proquest_journals_3089870090 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 20240701 2024-07-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-07-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2024 text: 20240701 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Bristol |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Bristol |
PublicationTitle | IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science |
PublicationTitleAlternate | IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci |
PublicationYear | 2024 |
Publisher | IOP Publishing |
Publisher_xml | – name: IOP Publishing |
References | Saelee (EES_1377_1_012005bib5) 2014; 5 Tjahjono (EES_1377_1_012005bib9) 2024; 2957 EES_1377_1_012005bib1 Kosugi (EES_1377_1_012005bib6) 2010; 110 Yamada (EES_1377_1_012005bib7) 2010; 34 Prawitwong (EES_1377_1_012005bib2) 2012; 125 Mohd. Noor (EES_1377_1_012005bib3) 1999; 51 Bothast (EES_1377_1_012005bib8) 2005; 67 Omar (EES_1377_1_012005bib11) 2011 Tay (EES_1377_1_012005bib4) 2013; 44 Tomimura (EES_1377_1_012005bib10) 1992; 362 Abe (EES_1377_1_012005bib12) 2014; 8 |
References_xml | – volume: 2957 year: 2024 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib9 article-title: The 1stInt. Conf. on Food and Agr Sci. 2022: Advanced Agricultural Technology to Deal with Climate Change Issues for Achieving Food Security 24-25 November Bogor Indonesia publication-title: AIP Conf. Proc. contributor: fullname: Tjahjono – volume: 5 start-page: 957 year: 2014 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib5 publication-title: Adv. biosci. biotechnol doi: 10.4236/abb.2014.512109 contributor: fullname: Saelee – volume: 8 start-page: 1573 year: 2014 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib12 publication-title: Bioresources contributor: fullname: Abe – ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib1 – volume: 110 start-page: 322 year: 2010 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib6 publication-title: J. Biosci. Bioeng doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.03.001 contributor: fullname: Kosugi – volume: 44 start-page: 240 year: 2013 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib4 publication-title: Ind. Crop. Prod doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.034 contributor: fullname: Tay – volume: 125 start-page: 37 year: 2012 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib2 publication-title: Bio. Tech. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.136 contributor: fullname: Prawitwong – start-page: 73 year: 2011 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib11 contributor: fullname: Omar – volume: 51 start-page: 293 year: 1999 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib3 article-title: Phsyco-chemical properties of oil palm trunk starch publication-title: Starch/Starke doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-379X(199909)51:8/9<293::AID-STAR293>3.0.CO;2-F contributor: fullname: Mohd. Noor – volume: 67 start-page: 19 year: 2005 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib8 publication-title: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. doi: 10.1007/s00253-004-1819-8 contributor: fullname: Bothast – volume: 34 start-page: 1608 year: 2010 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib7 publication-title: Biomass Bioenergy doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.06.011 contributor: fullname: Yamada – volume: 362 start-page: 133 year: 1992 ident: EES_1377_1_012005bib10 publication-title: FFPRI contributor: fullname: Tomimura |
SSID | ssj0067439 |
Score | 2.3330204 |
Snippet | Abstract A largenumber of oil palm trees are replanted every year. Considering the extent of replanting and OPT’s high starch and sugar content, it was... A largenumber of oil palm trees are replanted every year. Considering the extent of replanting and OPT’s high starch and sugar content, it was determined to be... |
SourceID | proquest crossref iop |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
StartPage | 12005 |
SubjectTerms | Biofuels Ethanol Feasibility studies Fermentation Flour Growth factors Nutrients Oil palm trees Powder Raw materials Saccharification Shredding Starch Sugar Urea Yeast α-Amylase |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1NT9wwELUKCIkLgtKK5Uujqkeijb3OxjkhQEtRpSIEReJm2bGtrrpNAlkO_HtmEkcUIbXXZE5v7OcZe94MY18zIzE1xv3tlTKJ9HmRWKlcgjRY8kA9ATtR2I-r6eWd_H6f3ccLtzaWVQ6c2BG1q0u6Ix9PUoXpMUYE6UnzkNDUKHpdjSM0Vtia4JKeadfOZlfXNwMXU4V90UkisyxBts6HCi9M--I3no2p6d6Yj0lGSlPs_jqfVuZ1846ku5PnYottxpARTnsfb7MPvvrI1r91I3mfd9jjdd-0FQGGOoCnu_B6AaQbgXq-gMYs_sDy8an6DfYZ2jmVEJrKY8YPrSlJdUXVQp2DwFQOAnJ1FCRV0PQ6AjBLsLief0GLPvWf2N3F7Of5ZRInKSQINvWk5IVRJlfcBAyIUpVbn5apMCo4IcJEOow7BA-q61ZfcMy2fZlzWzgxyUPAY_0zW63qyu8yEKWdel54Z1whp2ZieW5xT5cyBJWKIEcsHfDTTd8wQ3cP3UppglwT5Jog11z3kI_YMeKs4-Zp_2_-5Y35bHb71kA3LozYweC1V8vXNbT379_7bENg8NKX5R6wVXSSP8TgY2mP4gp7AcpC0lY priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
Title | Production of ethanol from oil palm trunk by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process at bench scale |
URI | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1377/1/012005 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3089870090 |
Volume | 1377 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEA66IngRn7g-lkE8Wjdpu9vkqLLrA9TFB3oLSZvg4toWdz34752kXXQREW89TNvwTTMzaeb7QshBR8W4NMb5bThXQWwSEeiYZwGGwZRZpwnoSWFX193zh_jyqfP0nQtTlHXoP8LLSii4grBuiONtTHidgEWs03ZqeW3WdvxPJ2O6gMnXF0k30eM0Grsee-FJkf4mmkx7vH5_0EyGmsdR_AjTPvf0V8hyXTTCcTXEVTJn8jWyeOYP5f1YJ2-DSrYVIYbCgnF_w4sROOYIFMMRlGr0CpO39_wF9AeMh66JUOUG1_wwVqnjXbl-Ie8iUHkGFqN1TUnKoayYBKAmoBGwZxijV80Geej37k_Pg_oshQDhdqqUTCiuEs6UxZKI8kQbmtJQcZuFoY3iDCuPkFnu9eoFw_W2SROmRRZGibWY2DdJIy9ys0UgTHXXMGEylYm4qyLNEo2zOo2t5TS0cZPQKX6yrCQzpN_q5lw6yKWDXDrIJZMV5E1yiDjLevqM_zbfnzHv9e5mDWSZ2SbZnXrtyzKiXGCEooJu_--VO2QpxHKmatTdJQ10mtnDcmSiW2ThpHc9uG2R-YubQct_fZ_antO3 |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,21416,27955,27956,33777,38898,38923,43838,53875,53901 |
linkProvider | IOP Publishing |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Nb9QwEB21WyG4IMqHWCjtCHEk2jibbJwTArTtFtpVBa3Um2XHtlixJKFZDv33zCSOSlWJXpM5vbGfZ-yZNwDvMp1Sakz720mpo9TlRWRSaSOiwVJ41gTsmsJOl7PFRfrlMrsMF25tKKscOLEjaluXfEc-mcaS0mOKCOIPze-Ip0bx62oYobENOyy5KUew82m-PPs2cDFX2BddS2SWRcTW-VDhRWlf-CayCYvuTcSE20h5it0_59P2qm7ukHR38hw-gcchZMSPvY93YctVT-HBUTeS9_oZXJ31oq0EMNYeHd-F12vkvhGsV2ts9PoXbq7-VD_RXGO74hJCXTnK-LHVJXddcbVQ5yDUlUVPXB0akips-j4C1Bs0tJ5_YEs-dc_h4nB-_nkRhUkKEYHNmpSi0FLnUmhPAVEsc-PiMk609DZJ_DS1FHckwstOrb4QlG27MhemsMk0956O9RcwqurKvQRMSjNzonBW2yKd6akRuaE9Xabeyzjx6RjiAT_V9IIZqnvollIx5IohVwy5EqqHfAzvCWcVNk97v_nbW-bz-ffbBqqxfgx7g9duLG_W0Kv__z6Ah4vz0xN1crz8-hoeJRTI9CW6ezAih7k3FIhszH5YbX8B49bVTA |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LT9wwEB4BVateEH2J5VFGFceG2Hls7GPV7hZoeUgtKjfLTmyxYptE7HLg33fsZEErhCpuOUwS65vxPJL5xgD7uc6oNKb9bYXQUWYLGZlMVBG5wZI7PxMwkMJOToeHF9nxZX65AuN7LkzT9q7_gC67QcEdhH1DnIgp4OURT3ke-2l5MY89_5PlcVu5VXiR-yKe7Pos_bPwyL7PXgZiZLiRFYs-r6cfthSlVmklj1x1iD_jDVjvE0f80i3zDazY-i28_B4O5r17Bzfn3ehWghkbh9Z_EW-m6Nkj2Eym2OrpX5zf3NbXaO5wNvGNhLq2VPfjTJeee-V7hoKaUNcVOvLYPS2pxrZjE6CeoyHQrnBGmrXv4WI8-v31MOrPU4gIcj-ZkkstdCG4dpQWMVEYy0qWaOGqJHFpVlH2kXAnwsx6yanmtmXBjayStHCOgvsHWKub2m4CJqUZWi5tpSuZDXVqeGFoZ5eZc4IlLhsAW-Cn2m5shgq_u4VQHnLlIVcecsVVB_kAPhPOqt9Cs_-Lf1oSH41-LQsosocB7Cy09iCZMiHJSzHJtp73yj14df5trH4enf7YhtcJZTdd3-4OrJH-7C5lJ3PzMZjeP3qv1Qg |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Production+of+ethanol+from+oil+palm+trunk+by+simultaneous+saccharification+and+fermentation+process+at+bench+scale&rft.jtitle=IOP+conference+series.+Earth+and+environmental+science&rft.au=Tjahjono%2C+A+E&rft.au=Meidiawati%2C+D+P&rft.au=Paramitasari%2C+D&rft.au=Suparman&rft.date=2024-07-01&rft.issn=1755-1307&rft.eissn=1755-1315&rft.volume=1377&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12005&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F1377%2F1%2F012005&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1088_1755_1315_1377_1_012005 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1755-1307&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1755-1307&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1755-1307&client=summon |