Development of an Effective Microalgae Cultivation System Utilizing CO2 in the Air by Injecting CaCO3
Recognized as the third-generation biomass of the future, microalgae are increasingly viewed as a promising solution for the sustainable production of biofuels, often referred to as “green gold.” Extensive research is being conducted across the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors to develop...
Saved in:
Published in | Energies (Basel) Vol. 17; no. 17; p. 4475 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
01.09.2024
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Recognized as the third-generation biomass of the future, microalgae are increasingly viewed as a promising solution for the sustainable production of biofuels, often referred to as “green gold.” Extensive research is being conducted across the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors to develop fundamental technologies that enable efficient and economical large-scale microalgae cultivation. Recent studies suggest that microalgae-based biofuels have the potential to meet global energy demands. However, challenges such as spatial constraints in site selection and the high cost of transporting CO2—an essential component for pH regulation and photosynthesis—pose obstacles. Here, this study demonstrates that by supplementing air-only medium with CaCO3, Chlorella sorokiniana can effectively utilize airborne CO2 to produce biomass. In laboratory-scale culture conditions supplied only with air, adding 5 mM CaCO3 (pH 7.8) could maintain the pH stably compared to the untreated conditions (pH 9.5) and improved the biomass concentration and lipid content by 17.68-fold and 9.58-fold, respectively. In bench-scale conditions, cultures supplemented with 5 mM CaCO3 exhibited a 9-fold increase in the biomass and a 7.15-fold increase in the lipid concentrations compared to those cultivated with air alone. With microalgae emerging as an essential resource for future generations, cultivation technology utilizing CaCO3 will be a critical technology that enables commercial-scale microalgae cultivation using only air, without artificial CO2 supply facilities. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Recognized as the third-generation biomass of the future, microalgae are increasingly viewed as a promising solution for the sustainable production of biofuels, often referred to as “green gold.” Extensive research is being conducted across the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors to develop fundamental technologies that enable efficient and economical large-scale microalgae cultivation. Recent studies suggest that microalgae-based biofuels have the potential to meet global energy demands. However, challenges such as spatial constraints in site selection and the high cost of transporting CO2—an essential component for pH regulation and photosynthesis—pose obstacles. Here, this study demonstrates that by supplementing air-only medium with CaCO3, Chlorella sorokiniana can effectively utilize airborne CO2 to produce biomass. In laboratory-scale culture conditions supplied only with air, adding 5 mM CaCO3 (pH 7.8) could maintain the pH stably compared to the untreated conditions (pH 9.5) and improved the biomass concentration and lipid content by 17.68-fold and 9.58-fold, respectively. In bench-scale conditions, cultures supplemented with 5 mM CaCO3 exhibited a 9-fold increase in the biomass and a 7.15-fold increase in the lipid concentrations compared to those cultivated with air alone. With microalgae emerging as an essential resource for future generations, cultivation technology utilizing CaCO3 will be a critical technology that enables commercial-scale microalgae cultivation using only air, without artificial CO2 supply facilities. |
Author | Han, Kyudong Pyo, Seonju Yu, Byung-Sun |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Seonju surname: Pyo fullname: Pyo, Seonju – sequence: 2 givenname: Byung-Sun surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Byung-Sun – sequence: 3 givenname: Kyudong orcidid: 0000-0001-6791-2408 surname: Han fullname: Han, Kyudong |
BookMark | eNpNkcFu2zAMhoWhA9Z1vewJBOw2IKtoSpZ1LLxuC9Aih65nQbKpTIEjZbJTIH36OkuxlhcSP398JMiP7CzlRIx9BvEN0YgrSqBBS6nVO3YOxtQLEBrP3tQf2OU4bsQciICI54y-0yMNebelNPEcuEv8JgTqpvhI_C52Jbth7Yi3-2GW3BRz4veHcaItf5jiEJ9iWvN2VfGY-PSH-HUs3B_4Mm2OjGPPtSv8xN4HN4x0-ZIv2MOPm9_tr8Xt6ueyvb5ddJUAWID32qg69B5NI4G0N41RSBX2UrhOyb42upNeNoBC92hq2alQOaGocUoBXrDlidtnt7G7EreuHGx20f4TcllbV6bYDWQ11HXnQWqJXvqgXAVNg00dSPWEfT-zvpxYu5L_7mmc7CbvS5rXtwgCjUZjqtn19eSaLzWOhcL_qSDs8Sv29Sv4DG-Dfig |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128063 10.1016/j.eiar.2015.11.004 10.1038/s41558-022-01372-y 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115730 10.1139/y59-099 10.1007/s11745-001-0843-0 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102810 10.1016/j.clce.2022.100044 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.03.001 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101807 10.1016/j.psep.2023.09.049 10.4209/aaqr.2014.11.0299 10.1093/ismejo/wrae001 10.3390/en14030778 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125720 10.1073/pnas.1202473109 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.034 10.1016/j.spc.2017.10.001 10.1002/jctb.6714 10.1080/10242422.2016.1227793 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130528 10.3390/plants12071569 10.1007/s11101-022-09819-y 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131176 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123195 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128174 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125461 10.1002/ep.12394 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130435 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122944 10.1007/s13762-013-0487-6 10.1104/pp.79.1.177 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143529 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130884 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114417 10.1007/s11027-012-9393-3 10.1002/bit.25619 10.3390/en9040224 10.1007/s12665-013-2925-7 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1149762 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117233 10.1038/s42004-021-00475-5 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.02.125 10.1038/nature18307 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126813 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)51011-5 10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103239 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121483 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.117 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS DOA |
DOI | 10.3390/en17174475 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Essentials AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central China |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Engineering |
EISSN | 1996-1073 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_7166cb14743b4bf5a2188386fe5de3dd 10_3390_en17174475 |
GeographicLocations | United States--US South Korea |
GeographicLocations_xml | – name: South Korea – name: United States--US |
GroupedDBID | 29G 2WC 2XV 5GY 5VS 7XC 8FE 8FG 8FH AADQD AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABJCF ADBBV AENEX AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATCPS BCNDV BENPR BHPHI CCPQU CITATION CS3 DU5 EBS ESX FRP GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ I-F IAO ITC KQ8 L6V L8X M7S MODMG M~E OK1 P2P PATMY PIMPY PROAC PYCSY RIG TR2 TUS ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c2011-1bb7956fdb39841e7b98953e23d40ac54d697c4b481307d3964c5f2a05e8a5513 |
IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
ISSN | 1996-1073 |
IngestDate | Tue Sep 17 03:04:48 EDT 2024 Sat Sep 14 09:37:21 EDT 2024 Wed Sep 11 13:28:57 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 17 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2011-1bb7956fdb39841e7b98953e23d40ac54d697c4b481307d3964c5f2a05e8a5513 |
ORCID | 0000-0001-6791-2408 |
OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3103973992/abstract/?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
PQID | 3103973992 |
PQPubID | 2032402 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_7166cb14743b4bf5a2188386fe5de3dd proquest_journals_3103973992 crossref_primary_10_3390_en17174475 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2024-09-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-09-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2024 text: 2024-09-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Basel |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
PublicationTitle | Energies (Basel) |
PublicationYear | 2024 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
References | ref_50 ref_14 Seth (ref_46) 2015; 112 Priyadharsini (ref_11) 2022; 66 Maghzian (ref_26) 2022; 8 ref_18 ref_17 Dvork (ref_1) 2022; 12 Xie (ref_19) 2018; 2 Ores (ref_29) 2016; 34 Kitadai (ref_42) 2021; 4 Xie (ref_33) 2014; 71 Zhao (ref_53) 2019; 284 ref_20 Tapia (ref_5) 2018; 13 Mondal (ref_28) 2016; 35 Kim (ref_10) 2016; 57 Zoback (ref_7) 2012; 109 ref_27 Ighalo (ref_24) 2022; 3 Vikramathithan (ref_31) 2020; 46 Aidar (ref_36) 2003; 34 Moroney (ref_34) 1985; 79 ref_35 Muruganandam (ref_3) 2023; 238 Zhang (ref_12) 2021; 96 Iverson (ref_39) 2021; 36 ref_32 Elfadil (ref_52) 2022; 240 Gao (ref_51) 2021; 278 Singh (ref_22) 2013; 18 Rittmann (ref_44) 2015; 98 Hoang (ref_47) 2023; 22 Hutchinson (ref_41) 2024; 18 Willbur (ref_37) 1948; 176 Klinthong (ref_21) 2015; 15 Bligh (ref_38) 1959; 37 Sun (ref_16) 2023; 179 Bruhn (ref_6) 2016; 60 ref_45 ref_43 Dahai (ref_23) 2024; 197 ref_40 ref_2 Brandl (ref_8) 2021; 105 Rogelj (ref_4) 2016; 534 Bhola (ref_25) 2014; 11 ref_49 ref_48 Alami (ref_13) 2021; 759 Daneshvar (ref_9) 2022; 427 Li (ref_15) 2023; 227 Mishra (ref_30) 2018; 7 |
References_xml | – ident: ref_35 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128063 – volume: 57 start-page: 139 year: 2016 ident: ref_10 article-title: Development of Environmental Impact Monitoring Protocol for Offshore Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): A Biological Perspective publication-title: Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2015.11.004 contributor: fullname: Kim – volume: 12 start-page: 547 year: 2022 ident: ref_1 article-title: Estimating the timing of geophysical commitment to 1.5 and 2.0 °C of global warming publication-title: Nat. Clim. Chang. doi: 10.1038/s41558-022-01372-y contributor: fullname: Dvork – volume: 227 start-page: 115730 year: 2023 ident: ref_15 article-title: Production of sustainable biofuels from microalgae with CO2 bio-sequestration and life cycle assessment publication-title: Environ. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115730 contributor: fullname: Li – volume: 37 start-page: 911 year: 1959 ident: ref_38 article-title: A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification publication-title: Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. doi: 10.1139/y59-099 contributor: fullname: Bligh – volume: 36 start-page: 1283 year: 2021 ident: ref_39 article-title: Comparison of the Bligh and Dyer and Folch methods for total lipid determination in a broad range of marine tissue publication-title: Lipids doi: 10.1007/s11745-001-0843-0 contributor: fullname: Iverson – volume: 66 start-page: 102810 year: 2022 ident: ref_11 article-title: Genetic Improvement of MIcroalgae for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Enriched Biomass Productivity: Review on CO2 Bio-Fixation Pathways Modifications publication-title: Algal Res. doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102810 contributor: fullname: Priyadharsini – volume: 3 start-page: 100044 year: 2022 ident: ref_24 article-title: Progress in microalgae application for CO2 sequestration publication-title: Clean. Chem. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.clce.2022.100044 contributor: fullname: Ighalo – volume: 60 start-page: 38 year: 2016 ident: ref_6 article-title: Separating the debate on CO2 utilization from carbon capture and storage publication-title: Environ. Sci. Policy doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.03.001 contributor: fullname: Bruhn – volume: 46 start-page: 101807 year: 2020 ident: ref_31 article-title: Overexpression of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii LCIA (CrLCIA) gene increases growth of Nannochloropsis salina CCMP1776 publication-title: Algal Res. doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101807 contributor: fullname: Vikramathithan – volume: 179 start-page: 484 year: 2023 ident: ref_16 article-title: Enhancing Shale Gas Recovery by Carbon Dioxide Injection: A Method of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) publication-title: Process Saf. Environ. Prot. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2023.09.049 contributor: fullname: Sun – volume: 15 start-page: 712 year: 2015 ident: ref_21 article-title: A Review: Microalgae and Their Applications in CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy publication-title: Aerosol Air Qual. Res. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2014.11.0299 contributor: fullname: Klinthong – volume: 18 start-page: wrae001 year: 2024 ident: ref_41 article-title: Microorganisms oxidize glucose through distinct pathways in permeable and cohesive sediments publication-title: ISME J. doi: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae001 contributor: fullname: Hutchinson – ident: ref_32 doi: 10.3390/en14030778 – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125720 – volume: 109 start-page: 10164 year: 2012 ident: ref_7 article-title: Earthquake triggering and large-scale geologic storage of carbon dioxide publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.1202473109 contributor: fullname: Zoback – volume: 98 start-page: 53 year: 2015 ident: ref_44 article-title: Photosynthetic bioenergy utilizing CO2: An approach on flue gases utilization for third generation biofuels publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.034 contributor: fullname: Rittmann – volume: 13 start-page: 1 year: 2018 ident: ref_5 article-title: A review of optimization and decision-making models for the planning of CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) systems publication-title: Sustain. Prod. Consum. doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2017.10.001 contributor: fullname: Tapia – volume: 34 start-page: 267 year: 2003 ident: ref_36 article-title: Extra and intracellular activities of carbonic anhydrase of the marine microalga Tetraselmis gracilis (Chlorophyta) publication-title: Braz. J. Microbiol. contributor: fullname: Aidar – volume: 96 start-page: 1475 year: 2021 ident: ref_12 article-title: Advances in the biological fixation of carbon dioxide by microalgae publication-title: J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. doi: 10.1002/jctb.6714 contributor: fullname: Zhang – volume: 2 start-page: 15 year: 2018 ident: ref_19 article-title: Optimization of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation condition for simultaneous enhanced biomass and lipid production via CO2 fixation publication-title: Bioresour. Technol. contributor: fullname: Xie – volume: 34 start-page: 57 year: 2016 ident: ref_29 article-title: Production of carbonic anhydrase by marine and freshwater microalgae publication-title: Biocatal. Biotransformation doi: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1227793 contributor: fullname: Ores – ident: ref_14 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130528 – ident: ref_49 doi: 10.3390/plants12071569 – volume: 22 start-page: 1089 year: 2023 ident: ref_47 article-title: Biofuel production from microalgae: Challenges and chances publication-title: Phytochem. Rev. doi: 10.1007/s11101-022-09819-y contributor: fullname: Hoang – ident: ref_50 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131176 – volume: 240 start-page: 123195 year: 2022 ident: ref_52 article-title: Enzyme inhibition coupled to molecularly imprinted polymers for acetazolamide determination in biological samples publication-title: Talanta doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123195 contributor: fullname: Elfadil – ident: ref_27 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128174 – volume: 7 start-page: 928 year: 2018 ident: ref_30 article-title: CCM in photosynthetic bacteria and marine alga publication-title: J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. contributor: fullname: Mishra – ident: ref_18 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125461 – volume: 35 start-page: 1605 year: 2016 ident: ref_28 article-title: Role of Carbonic Anhydrase on the Way to Biological Carbon Capture Through Microalgae–A Mini Review publication-title: Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy. doi: 10.1002/ep.12394 contributor: fullname: Mondal – volume: 278 start-page: 130435 year: 2021 ident: ref_51 article-title: Enhancing microalgae growth and product accumulation with carbon source regulation: New perspective for the coordination between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130435 contributor: fullname: Gao – ident: ref_40 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122944 – volume: 11 start-page: 2103 year: 2014 ident: ref_25 article-title: Overview of the potential of microalgae for CO2 sequestration publication-title: Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol doi: 10.1007/s13762-013-0487-6 contributor: fullname: Bhola – volume: 79 start-page: 177 year: 1985 ident: ref_34 article-title: Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on inorganic carbon accumulation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii publication-title: Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1104/pp.79.1.177 contributor: fullname: Moroney – volume: 759 start-page: 143529 year: 2021 ident: ref_13 article-title: Investigating algae for CO2 capture and accumulation and simultaneous production of biomass for biodiesel production publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143529 contributor: fullname: Alami – volume: 427 start-page: 130884 year: 2022 ident: ref_9 article-title: Biologically-Mediated Carbon Capture and Utilization by Microalgae Towards Sustainable CO2 Biofixation and Biomass Valorization—A Review publication-title: J. Chem. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130884 contributor: fullname: Daneshvar – volume: 197 start-page: 114417 year: 2024 ident: ref_23 article-title: The Application of Magical Microalgae in Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction: Removal Mechanisms and Potential Analysis publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114417 contributor: fullname: Dahai – volume: 18 start-page: 73 year: 2013 ident: ref_22 article-title: Microalgae: A Promising Tool for Carbon Sequestration publication-title: Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. doi: 10.1007/s11027-012-9393-3 contributor: fullname: Singh – volume: 112 start-page: 1281 year: 2015 ident: ref_46 article-title: Challenges and opportunities for microalgae-mediated CO2 capture and biorefinery publication-title: Biotechnol. Bioeng. doi: 10.1002/bit.25619 contributor: fullname: Seth – ident: ref_45 doi: 10.3390/en9040224 – volume: 71 start-page: 5231 year: 2014 ident: ref_33 article-title: The role of microalgae and their carbonic anhydrase on the biological dissolution of limestone publication-title: Environ. Earth Sci. doi: 10.1007/s12665-013-2925-7 contributor: fullname: Xie – ident: ref_20 doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1149762 – ident: ref_2 – volume: 238 start-page: 117233 year: 2023 ident: ref_3 article-title: Impact of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Aquatic Ecosystem—A Review publication-title: Environ. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117233 contributor: fullname: Muruganandam – volume: 4 start-page: 37 year: 2021 ident: ref_42 article-title: Thioester synthesis through geoelectrochemical CO2 fixation on Ni sulfides publication-title: Commun. Chem doi: 10.1038/s42004-021-00475-5 contributor: fullname: Kitadai – volume: 8 start-page: 3337 year: 2022 ident: ref_26 article-title: Review on the direct air CO2 capture by microalgae: Bibliographic mapping publication-title: Energy Rep. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.02.125 contributor: fullname: Maghzian – volume: 534 start-page: 631 year: 2016 ident: ref_4 article-title: Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 °C publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature18307 contributor: fullname: Rogelj – ident: ref_43 doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126813 – volume: 176 start-page: 147 year: 1948 ident: ref_37 article-title: Electrometric and colorimetric determination of carbonic anhydrase publication-title: J. Biol. Chem. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)51011-5 contributor: fullname: Willbur – volume: 105 start-page: 103239 year: 2021 ident: ref_8 article-title: Beyond 90% capture: Possible, but at what cost? publication-title: Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control. doi: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103239 contributor: fullname: Brandl – ident: ref_48 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121483 – volume: 284 start-page: 90 year: 2019 ident: ref_53 article-title: Cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in anaerobic wastewater: The coupled effects of ammonium, temperature and pH conditions on lipids compositions publication-title: Bioresour. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.117 contributor: fullname: Zhao |
SSID | ssj0000331333 |
Score | 2.4076467 |
Snippet | Recognized as the third-generation biomass of the future, microalgae are increasingly viewed as a promising solution for the sustainable production of... |
SourceID | doaj proquest crossref |
SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database |
StartPage | 4475 |
SubjectTerms | Algae Alternative energy ambient air CO2 Atmosphere Biomass biomass production CaCO3 Carbon dioxide Carbon sequestration carbonic anhydrase enzyme Climate change Emissions Enzymes Global warming Lipids microalgae Microorganisms |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrZ3NS8MwFMCD7KQH8ROnUwJ6LWu-k-McjinMXRzsVpImhYJ0MudB_3pf2k4rHrx4bUJS3mvfR3j5PYRugqQkZ5IkUnibcFLYRMsiTbzKidUUInQSLzjPHuV0wR-WYtlp9RVrwho8cCO4IcyWuSMcPJ3jrhAWfJJmsF4QPjDva-tLRCeZqm0wY5B8sYZHyiCvH4aKQOYS8XY_PFAN6v9lh2vnMjlA-21UiEfN2xyinVAdob0OK_AYhU55D14V2Fa4IQ-DucKzWFYXb2UEHBmZbccy3ODI8WJTPpcfsAoezykuKwxBHx6Va-ze8X0VD2LqMTuesxO0mNw9jadJ2yMhyevTTeKcghSn8I4ZzUlQzmgjWKDM89TmgntpVM4d1-CslGdG8lwU1KYiaBubu5yiXrWqwhnCxBQqDSINISILCXXUay08McpRY43so-ut3LKXBoWRQQoRpZt9S7ePbqNIv2ZEfHX9AJSatUrN_lJqHw22Csnaf-o1ix3RjIog3fP_2OMC7VIIUJp6sQHqbdZv4RICjI27qr-lT4uTy8g priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
Title | Development of an Effective Microalgae Cultivation System Utilizing CO2 in the Air by Injecting CaCO3 |
URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3103973992/abstract/ https://doaj.org/article/7166cb14743b4bf5a2188386fe5de3dd |
Volume | 17 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1La9tAEB7yuLSH0id1mpqF9iqsfWr3FBITxy0kKaUG38S-VAxFTh330P76zEhyklLoRQet0GF2duab2ZlvAD5mI3iUhhdGJ18o3vjCmqYsUhW5twIROqcG58srM1-oz0u93IP5rheGyip3NrEz1GkdKUc-oXlYriIa1YkPlAWI28nJzc-C5kfRPeswTGMfDgVXdGF7eHZ-9eXrfb6llBLDMdkzlEqM9Ce55RjLEOHdXz6po-7_xzJ37mb2HJ4NOJGd9hv7AvZy-xKePmIPfAX5UcEPWzfMt6znIkYDxi6p0I76NDIj1sxhhhnrCcrZYrv6sfqDf2HTa8FWLUMYyE5XGxZ-s08tpWa6NT-9lq9hMTv_Np0Xw9SEInb5Th5ChUFPk4J0VvFcBWedllnIpEoftUrGVVEFZdF9VUk6o6JuhC91tp7GvbyBg3bd5rfAuGuqMusyZyIx5CKIZK1O3FVBOO_MCD7s5Fbf9OQYNQYVJN36QbojOCOR3n9BhNbdi_Xmez2cjxqVwsTAFQKaoEKjPUIPK1Ftsk5ZpjSC492G1MMpu60fdOLo_8vv4IlAMNLXhh3DwXbzK79HMLENY9i3s4vxoC3jLiTH58WS3wFwEMsW |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,870,2115,12792,21416,27957,27958,33408,33779,43635,43840,74392,74659 |
linkProvider | ProQuest |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV09b9swECXSZEg7FPloEbdOQqBZhYifIqciNerYqe0sMZBNIEUqMBDIru0O7a_vnSTHLgpkFQUNx-Pdu9PxPUKuouasEJolWgWXSFa6xOgyTUJWMGc4IHSGF5zHEz2YyrtH9dg23FbtWOUmJtaBOswL7JFfox6WzZBG9eviZ4KqUfh3tZXQeEMOpIDUiTfF-7cvPZZUCCjBRMNKKqC6v44Vg_oFSe7-yUM1Xf9_0bhOMf0j8r7FhvSm2cxjsherE_JuhzHwlMSdIR86L6mraMM_DEGLjnG4Du9mRIpMma1uGW1Iyel0PXue_YGv0N49p7OKAvSjN7Ml9b_psMJ2TL3mevfiA5n2vz_0BkmrlJAUdY-TeZ9BoVMGL6yRLGbeGqtE5CLI1BVKBm2zQnppIGVlQVgtC1Vyl6poHEq8fCT71byKZ4QyW2ZpVGmMSFzIuOfBGBWYzTy3zuoO-bKxW75oCDFyKCTQuvnWuh3yDU368gaSWNcP5sunvD0TOTiCLjyTAGK89KVyADeMAFeJKkQRQod0NxuStydrlW_94NPry5fkcPAwHuWj4eTHZ_KWAxhpZsO6ZH-9_BXPAUys_UXtMX8Bj8_GFw |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LSyQxEA6rwqIH0V3F8bEG1msznXdyEh0ddNVRxAFvTdJJy4D06Dge9Ndb6c74QNhrp-lD5UvVV9WVrxDaC5KSkkmSSeFtxkllMy2rPPOqJFZTYOgkXnC-GMiTIf93K25T_9NTaquc-cTGUftxGWvk3TgPy6goo9qtUlvE1VF__-ExixOk4p_WNE5jDi0oLgUgfOHweHB1_V5xyRmDhIy1GqUMcv1uqAlkM1Hy7ktUasT7v_nmJuD0V9ByYor4oN3aVfQj1L_Q0if9wN8ofGr5weMK2xq3asTgwvBFbLWLNzUCjrqZaYoZbiXK8XA6uh-9wldw75LiUY2BCOKD0QS7F3xax-JMs2Z7l2wNDfvHN72TLM1NyMqm4kmcU5D2VN4xozkJyhltBAuUeZ7bUnAvjSq54xoCmPLMSF6KitpcBG3jwJd1NF-P67CBMDGVyoPIQ4gyhoQ66rUWnhjlqLFGdtDfmd2Kh1Yeo4C0Ilq3-LBuBx1Gk76_ESWtmwfjyV2RTkgBsJClIxwojeOuEhbIh2YAnCB8YN530PZsQ4p0zp6KD1Rs_n95F_0EuBTnp4OzLbRIgZm0jWLbaH46eQ47wCym7k-CzBtGJMu6 |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+Effective+Microalgae+Cultivation+System+Utilizing+CO2+in+the+Air+by+Injecting+CaCO3&rft.jtitle=Energies+%28Basel%29&rft.au=Pyo%2C+Seonju&rft.au=Byung-Sun%2C+Yu&rft.au=Han%2C+Kyudong&rft.date=2024-09-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1996-1073&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=4475&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fen17174475&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |