A Retrospective Look at Coaching with Compassion: Two Decades of Research and Practice
The practice of coaching has grown dramatically over the last 30 years, though research on its effectiveness still lags behind. In 2003, a series of discussions led us to explore an approach to coaching grounded in intentional change theory (ICT). We introduced “coaching with compassion” in a 2006 a...
Saved in:
Published in | The Journal of applied behavioral science |
---|---|
Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
01.07.2025
|
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0021-8863 1552-6879 |
DOI | 10.1177/00218863251353275 |
Cover
Abstract | The practice of coaching has grown dramatically over the last 30 years, though research on its effectiveness still lags behind. In 2003, a series of discussions led us to explore an approach to coaching grounded in intentional change theory (ICT). We introduced “coaching with compassion” in a 2006 article focused on stress and renewal in leaders, followed by a 2013 theoretical framing in JABS highlighting the benefits of coaching to the positive emotional attractor within ICT. This current article reflects on progress in research on coaching effectiveness—defined as sustained, desired change—and related processes since the 2013 publication. We review findings on the psycho-physiological aspects of effective coaching for both coach and client. As some discoveries challenge prevailing practices, we also explore key implications for future research and coaching approaches. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The practice of coaching has grown dramatically over the last 30 years, though research on its effectiveness still lags behind. In 2003, a series of discussions led us to explore an approach to coaching grounded in intentional change theory (ICT). We introduced “coaching with compassion” in a 2006 article focused on stress and renewal in leaders, followed by a 2013 theoretical framing in JABS highlighting the benefits of coaching to the positive emotional attractor within ICT. This current article reflects on progress in research on coaching effectiveness—defined as sustained, desired change—and related processes since the 2013 publication. We review findings on the psycho-physiological aspects of effective coaching for both coach and client. As some discoveries challenge prevailing practices, we also explore key implications for future research and coaching approaches. |
Author | Smith, Melvin L. Boyatzis, Richard E. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Melvin L. orcidid: 0009-0000-5278-102X surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Melvin L. organization: Department of Organizational Behavior, Case Western Reserve University, Weatherhead School of Management, Cleveland, OH, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Richard E. orcidid: 0000-0002-3834-8171 surname: Boyatzis fullname: Boyatzis, Richard E. organization: Department of Organizational Behavior, Case Western Reserve University, Weatherhead School of Management, Cleveland, OH, USA |
BookMark | eNplUEtLxDAYDLKC3dUf4C1_oJovaZLG21KfUFBk9VrytFW3KU1x8d_bojdPwzAPmFmjVR97j9A5kAsAKS8JoVCWglEOjDMq-RHKgHOai1KqFcoWPV8MJ2id0jshpGBMZOh1i5_9NMY0eDt1Xx7XMX5gPeEqatt2_Rs-dFM7s_2gU-pif4V3h4ivvdXOJxzDHE9ej7bFunf4adRzjfWn6Djoz-TP_nCDXm5vdtV9Xj_ePVTbOreg1JQXkislOXMgWCCWKsPAOOULVUhgAjhQ7RwoJ2hphAuBmZIrq4wrgjFOsw2C3147T0ijD80wdns9fjdAmuWY5t8x7Afe-VcM |
Cites_doi | 10.1177/00218863231204050 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00646 10.1108/S0897-3016(2009)0000017006 10.1177/0002764203260211 10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280 10.1037/cpb0000095 10.1016/j.hrmr.2024.101073 10.5465/amle.2021.0177 10.1177/0021886315600070 10.1108/02621710610678454 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01322 10.1177/0021886312462236 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1110282 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2012.12.003 10.1108/CDI-08-2016-0136 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1128209 10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00442 10.1016/0306-4530(92)90073-G 10.1108/JMD-09-2021-0247 10.1001/archpsyc.57.10.925 10.1002/job.2845 10.1371/journal.pone.0270255 10.1007/978-3-319-90633-1_15 10.1038/nn.3086 10.1177/002188637000600302 10.1177/0021886302038003006 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00412 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00623 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 10.1037/cpb0000193 10.1037/1065-9293.60.4.298 10.1177/00218863221079937 10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319 10.1080/17470919.2013.808259 10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101313 10.1037/cpb0000141 10.1093/9780197765142.001.0001 10.1177/001872677002300506 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.08.003 10.1177/00218863241283919 10.1037/cpb0000240 10.4337/9781789901658.00022 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.061 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00625 10.5465/amle.2006.20388381 10.2189/asqu.51.1.59 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00455 10.4135/9781446219850.n2 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662386 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
DOI | 10.1177/00218863251353275 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Psychology Social Sciences (General) |
EISSN | 1552-6879 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1177_00218863251353275 |
GroupedDBID | --Z -ET -TM -~X .2G .2J .2L .2N .GJ 0-V 01A 07C 09Z 0R~ 186 18M 1OL 1~K 29J 31S 31U 31V 31W 31X 31Y 31Z 4.4 53G 56W 5GY 5VS 7WY 7X7 85S 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FL 8R4 8R5 9M8 AABMB AABOD AACKU AACMV AACTG AADIR AADUE AAEJI AAEWN AAGGD AAGLT AAJIQ AAJOX AAJPV AAKTJ AAMFR AANSI AAPEO AAPII AAQDB AAQXH AAQXI AARDL AARIX AATAA AATBZ AAUIH AAUTI AAWLO AAYTG AAYXX AAZCK ABAWP ABCCA ABCJG ABDPE ABDWY ABEIX ABFWQ ABFXH ABHKI ABHQH ABIDT ABIVO ABKRH ABLUO ABPGX ABPNF ABPPZ ABQDK ABQKF ABQPY ABQXT ABRHV ABUJY ABUWG ABVFX ABYTW ACAEP ACARO ACCVC ACDSZ ACDXX ACFEJ ACFMA ACFUR ACFZE ACGBL ACGFS ACGZU ACHQT ACJER ACLHI ACLZU ACNCT ACOFE ACOXC ACPRK ACPVT ACROE ACRPL ACSIQ ACUAV ACUFS ACUIR ACXKE ACXMB ADBBV ADDLC ADEBD ADEIA ADMHC ADMHG ADNMO ADNON ADPEE ADRRZ ADSTG ADTBJ ADTOS ADUKL ADVBO ADXHL ADYCS AECGH AECVZ AEDTQ AEDXQ AEOBU AEPTA AEQLS AERKM AESMA AESZF AETEA AEUHG AEVPJ AEWDL AEWHI AEXNY AFEET AFFDN AFFNX AFKBI AFKRA AFKRG AFMOU AFQAA AFUIA AFWMB AGDVU AGKLV AGNHF AGNWV AGQPQ AGUGZ AGWFA AGWNL AHDMH AHHFK AHWHD AJEFB AJGYC AJHME AJMMQ AJUZI AJVBE AJXAJ ALKWR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI AMCVQ AMNSR ANDLU ARALO ARTOV ASOEW ASPBG AUTPY AUVAJ AVWKF AYAKG AYPQM AZFZN AZQEC B8O B8R B8S B8T B8Z B93 B94 BBRGL BDDNI BDZRT BENPR BEZIV BKIIM BKOMP BMVBW BPACV BPHCQ BSEHC BVXVI BYIEH CAG CBRKF CCGJY CCPQU CEADM CFDXU CITATION COF CORYS CQQTX CS3 DC- DC. DD- DD0 DD~ DE- DF0 DG~ DO- DOPDO DU5 DV7 DV8 DWQXO D~Y EBS EJD F5P FEDTE FHBDP FRNLG FYUFA GNUQQ GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_RESEARCH GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION H13 HEHIP HF~ HMCUK HVGLF HZ~ J8X K.F K.J K60 K6~ LPU M0C M1P M2M M2S MS~ MVM N9A NHB O9- OHT P-O P.B P2P PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB POGQB PPXIY PQBIZ PQBZA PQQKQ PRG PROAC PRQQA PSQYO PSYQQ PUEGO Q1R Q2X Q7K Q7L Q7O Q7P Q7X Q82 Q83 ROL RXW S01 SASJQ SAUOL SBI SCNPE SDB SFB SFC SFK SFM SFT SFX SGA SGP SGR SGU SGV SGX SGZ SHB SHF SHG SHM SKT SNB SPJ SPP SPV SQCSI SSDHQ STM TAE TN5 U5U UBW UHB UKHRP UKR UPT V62 VJK WH7 WHG XJT XOL XSW YK4 YQT YYP YYQ Z0I ZCA ZCG ZONMY ZPLXX ZPPRI ZRKOI ZUP ~32 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c199t-47599753d163f0c29b31bd9e49471361512add19d628b6dff3b859c9bd4fbbda3 |
ISSN | 0021-8863 |
IngestDate | Wed Sep 10 05:25:27 EDT 2025 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Language | English |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c199t-47599753d163f0c29b31bd9e49471361512add19d628b6dff3b859c9bd4fbbda3 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-3834-8171 0009-0000-5278-102X |
ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1177_00218863251353275 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2025-07-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-07-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2025 text: 2025-07-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationTitle | The Journal of applied behavioral science |
PublicationYear | 2025 |
References | e_1_3_4_3_1 e_1_3_4_61_1 Clayton B. (e_1_3_4_24_1) 2015; 5 Huta V. (e_1_3_4_39_1) 2017 e_1_3_4_63_1 e_1_3_4_9_1 e_1_3_4_7_1 e_1_3_4_40_1 e_1_3_4_5_1 e_1_3_4_69_1 e_1_3_4_44_1 e_1_3_4_27_1 e_1_3_4_65_1 e_1_3_4_48_1 e_1_3_4_29_1 Smith M. L. (e_1_3_4_67_1) 2012; 29 Deci E. L. (e_1_3_4_25_1) 2002 McClelland D. C. (e_1_3_4_51_1) 1985 Chan A. K. L. (e_1_3_4_23_1) 2002 e_1_3_4_74_1 e_1_3_4_53_1 Boyatzis R. E. (e_1_3_4_21_1) 2019 e_1_3_4_70_1 Dweck C. S. (e_1_3_4_30_1) 2006 e_1_3_4_13_1 e_1_3_4_59_1 e_1_3_4_55_1 e_1_3_4_11_1 e_1_3_4_32_1 e_1_3_4_17_1 e_1_3_4_38_1 e_1_3_4_15_1 e_1_3_4_36_1 Volkova-Feddeck M. (e_1_3_4_76_1) 2022 Boyatzis R. E. (e_1_3_4_19_1) 2010; 1 e_1_3_4_4_1 Passarelli A. M. (e_1_3_4_57_1) 2014 Hall E. (e_1_3_4_34_1) 2019 e_1_3_4_62_1 e_1_3_4_64_1 e_1_3_4_41_1 e_1_3_4_6_1 e_1_3_4_22_1 e_1_3_4_43_1 Dyck L. R. (e_1_3_4_31_1) 2018 e_1_3_4_49_1 e_1_3_4_66_1 e_1_3_4_26_1 e_1_3_4_47_1 e_1_3_4_68_1 Jack A. I. (e_1_3_4_42_1) 2012; 66 Boyatzis R. E. (e_1_3_4_20_1) 2011 Boyatzis R. E. (e_1_3_4_14_1) 2020; 11 e_1_3_4_73_1 e_1_3_4_75_1 e_1_3_4_52_1 Boyatzis R. E. (e_1_3_4_16_1) 2015; 6 e_1_3_4_50_1 e_1_3_4_71_1 e_1_3_4_12_1 e_1_3_4_35_1 e_1_3_4_58_1 e_1_3_4_10_1 e_1_3_4_33_1 e_1_3_4_54_1 e_1_3_4_56_1 Passarelli A. M. (e_1_3_4_60_1) e_1_3_4_18_1 Boyatzis R. E. (e_1_3_4_8_1) 2025; 0 |
References_xml | – volume-title: Helping people change: Coaching with compassion for lifelong learning and growth year: 2019 ident: e_1_3_4_21_1 – volume: 0 issue: 0 year: 2025 ident: e_1_3_4_8_1 article-title: A qualitative study of competencies of coaches that predict client behavior change publication-title: Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences – ident: e_1_3_4_12_1 doi: 10.1177/00218863231204050 – ident: e_1_3_4_54_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00646 – volume: 6 issue: 670 year: 2015 ident: e_1_3_4_16_1 article-title: The role of the positive emotional attractor as vision and shared vision: Toward effective leadership, relationships and engagement publication-title: Frontiers in Psychology – volume-title: The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being year: 2017 ident: e_1_3_4_39_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_68_1 doi: 10.1108/S0897-3016(2009)0000017006 – ident: e_1_3_4_44_1 doi: 10.1177/0002764203260211 – ident: e_1_3_4_36_1 doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280 – volume-title: Human motivation year: 1985 ident: e_1_3_4_51_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_11_1 doi: 10.1037/cpb0000095 – ident: e_1_3_4_26_1 doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2024.101073 – volume-title: The heart of helping: Psychological and physiological effects of contrasting coaching interactions year: 2014 ident: e_1_3_4_57_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_63_1 doi: 10.5465/amle.2021.0177 – ident: e_1_3_4_53_1 doi: 10.1177/0021886315600070 – ident: e_1_3_4_5_1 doi: 10.1108/02621710610678454 – ident: e_1_3_4_49_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01322 – ident: e_1_3_4_17_1 doi: 10.1177/0021886312462236 – ident: e_1_3_4_52_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1110282 – ident: e_1_3_4_22_1 doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2012.12.003 – ident: e_1_3_4_15_1 doi: 10.1108/CDI-08-2016-0136 – ident: e_1_3_4_43_1 doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1128209 – ident: e_1_3_4_66_1 doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601 – ident: e_1_3_4_62_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00442 – ident: e_1_3_4_40_1 doi: 10.1016/0306-4530(92)90073-G – ident: e_1_3_4_7_1 doi: 10.1108/JMD-09-2021-0247 – volume: 1 start-page: 68 issue: 5 year: 2010 ident: e_1_3_4_19_1 article-title: Coaching for change publication-title: People Matters – ident: e_1_3_4_65_1 doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.10.925 – ident: e_1_3_4_73_1 doi: 10.1002/job.2845 – volume-title: Aristotle’s way: How ancient wisdom can change your life year: 2019 ident: e_1_3_4_34_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_71_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270255 – ident: e_1_3_4_6_1 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-90633-1_15 – ident: e_1_3_4_32_1 doi: 10.1038/nn.3086 – volume: 11 issue: 85 year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_14_1 article-title: Relational climate in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement and validation publication-title: Frontiers in Psychology – ident: e_1_3_4_48_1 doi: 10.1177/002188637000600302 – ident: e_1_3_4_55_1 doi: 10.1177/0021886302038003006 – ident: e_1_3_4_58_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00412 – volume-title: Handbook of self-determination research year: 2002 ident: e_1_3_4_25_1 – volume-title: Mindset: The new psychology of success year: 2006 ident: e_1_3_4_30_1 – volume: 29 start-page: 10 issue: 3 year: 2012 ident: e_1_3_4_67_1 article-title: Coach with compassion: It’s the best way to motivate others publication-title: Leadership Excellence – ident: e_1_3_4_61_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00623 – ident: e_1_3_4_64_1 doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 – start-page: 217 volume-title: The talent management handbook year: 2011 ident: e_1_3_4_20_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_9_1 doi: 10.1037/cpb0000193 – ident: e_1_3_4_3_1 doi: 10.1037/1065-9293.60.4.298 – ident: e_1_3_4_10_1 doi: 10.1177/00218863221079937 – start-page: 139 volume-title: Individual, relational, and contextual dynamics of emotions (research on emotion in organizations year: 2018 ident: e_1_3_4_31_1 – volume-title: Helping you helping me: Reflections on peer coaching in groups. An unpublished paper from a doctoral program year: 2022 ident: e_1_3_4_76_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_27_1 doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 – ident: e_1_3_4_35_1 doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319 – ident: e_1_3_4_41_1 doi: 10.1080/17470919.2013.808259 – ident: e_1_3_4_69_1 doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101313 – volume-title: A research agenda for positive leadership ident: e_1_3_4_60_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_75_1 doi: 10.1037/cpb0000141 – volume: 5 year: 2015 ident: e_1_3_4_24_1 article-title: Shared vision in corporate acquisitions publication-title: Frontiers in Psychology – ident: e_1_3_4_4_1 doi: 10.1093/9780197765142.001.0001 – ident: e_1_3_4_47_1 doi: 10.1177/001872677002300506 – ident: e_1_3_4_13_1 doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.08.003 – ident: e_1_3_4_70_1 doi: 10.1177/00218863241283919 – ident: e_1_3_4_59_1 doi: 10.1037/cpb0000240 – ident: e_1_3_4_74_1 doi: 10.4337/9781789901658.00022 – volume: 66 start-page: 385 year: 2012 ident: e_1_3_4_42_1 article-title: fMRI reveals reciprocal inhibition between social and physical cognitive domains publication-title: NeuroImage doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.061 – ident: e_1_3_4_56_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00625 – volume-title: Mencius: Context and interpretations year: 2002 ident: e_1_3_4_23_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_18_1 doi: 10.5465/amle.2006.20388381 – ident: e_1_3_4_29_1 doi: 10.2189/asqu.51.1.59 – ident: e_1_3_4_38_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00455 – ident: e_1_3_4_33_1 doi: 10.4135/9781446219850.n2 – ident: e_1_3_4_50_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662386 |
SSID | ssj0004336 |
Score | 2.3881447 |
SecondaryResourceType | online_first |
Snippet | The practice of coaching has grown dramatically over the last 30 years, though research on its effectiveness still lags behind. In 2003, a series of... |
SourceID | crossref |
SourceType | Index Database |
Title | A Retrospective Look at Coaching with Compassion: Two Decades of Research and Practice |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1da9swFBVZ8pKXsWUba7cWPfRhW3CI5C-pD4NQUsJIxgbJyJ6C9QWFEo_O3Uh-_a5k-aPpCutejDG2MLrHV8fSPUcInSlF0owYHhhO7DKj5gEzYxFEKRtnY50loVO9Lz4ns1X0aR2vO52Praql20KM5P6vupL_iSpcg7halewjIls3ChfgHOILR4gwHP8pxraWrbjJK7XkcG6FC_DHf5H7Ekk3y-o-eVvs6oo4lr9zSDK2Kt4bkfh5j1I1UEqm2oy10Y451ppVrLWR9_tB9N5czUJf_7raDuej-pc_32XFvjQ18IL-4XTUnnegcV2j2ugASMCYT0_ap8-YBgkrt4e5n5zd8rBjFfAYEKswDmm5b8pdI-yDAaouGySVN_lhE09Qj6apXabvTb5_-bpolLGh2ySyfle_ru0stw4baTGTFsVYPkNPfS_jSRno56ijtwPUr4eo3QAdlWpq7DPyT_zO24a_f4G-TfAdNGCLBpwVuEIDtmjADRrOMWABeyzg3OAKCxiwgCssvESry-nyYhb4XTMCSTgvAmvgaNXSCpi2GUvKRUiE4jriwENCS2ApjGmEq4QykShjQsFiLrlQkRFCZeEr1N3mW_0aYalTYPfW3kjJSFL4eImMKdOSZ4ppYY7Qh6rHNj9Kc5TNgzE6fszNb1C_wdxb1C1ubvUJsL9CnPoQ_wE8a1Nn |
linkProvider | SAGE Publications |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Retrospective+Look+at+Coaching+with+Compassion%3A+Two+Decades+of+Research+and+Practice&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+applied+behavioral+science&rft.au=Smith%2C+Melvin+L.&rft.au=Boyatzis%2C+Richard+E.&rft.date=2025-07-01&rft.issn=0021-8863&rft.eissn=1552-6879&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F00218863251353275&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1177_00218863251353275 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0021-8863&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0021-8863&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0021-8863&client=summon |