Mechanisms of anesthetic-induced immune dysregulation

Anesthesia is essential in modern surgical practice, ensuring patient comfort, immobility, and amnesia. However, its impact on the immune system has become a growing area of research, as anesthetic agents can modulate immune function in complex ways. Emerging evidence suggests that anesthetics may i...

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Published inANESTHESIOLOGY AND PERIOPERATIVE SCIENCE Vol. 3; no. 3; pp. 1 - 17
Main Authors Fagundes, Tatiane Renata, Coradi, Carolina, Sotomayor, Marina Rayciki, Campos, Aline Graciele Henriques, da Silva, Luísa Cristina Fortuna, Ferneda, Hellena Alves, da Silva Pereira Junior, Wilson, Bellandi, Gabriela Bonetti, Simonato, Maria Eduarda Pardal, Steffanello, Valentina Vieira, de Oliveira Manes, Larissa, Paz, Rafael Gomes, Padilha, Edina Cassiane, da Silva Bender, Felipe, Vincensi, Ricardo Nogueira, de Andrade Berny, Maria Paula, Falco, Mateus Lucas, Titon, Odirlei João, Panis, Carolina
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 05.08.2025
Springer
Subjects
Anesthesia
Anesthesiology
Anesthetic drugs
Critical Care Medicine
Immune dysregulation
Immune response
Intensive
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neurosciences
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Review Article
Surgery
Anesthesia
Immune dysregulation
Immune response
Anesthetic drugs
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2731-8389
2731-8389
DOI10.1007/s44254-025-00117-2

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Abstract Anesthesia is essential in modern surgical practice, ensuring patient comfort, immobility, and amnesia. However, its impact on the immune system has become a growing area of research, as anesthetic agents can modulate immune function in complex ways. Emerging evidence suggests that anesthetics may induce immune dysregulation, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, with potential consequences for patient outcomes, particularly in the context of infection, inflammation and cancer. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the immunological effects of anesthesia, exploring the molecular and cellular pathways involved. It examines how anesthetics can either suppress or modulate immune responses, depending on factors including drug type, dose and patient-specific characteristics. We discuss their influence on innate immunity, including the activity of natural killer cells, macrophages and neutrophils, as well as their impact on adaptive immunity, particularly T-cell activation, cytokine production and antigen presentation. In addition, we highlight the immunological consequences of commonly used anesthetic agents in clinical practice.
AbstractList Abstract Anesthesia is essential in modern surgical practice, ensuring patient comfort, immobility, and amnesia. However, its impact on the immune system has become a growing area of research, as anesthetic agents can modulate immune function in complex ways. Emerging evidence suggests that anesthetics may induce immune dysregulation, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, with potential consequences for patient outcomes, particularly in the context of infection, inflammation and cancer. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the immunological effects of anesthesia, exploring the molecular and cellular pathways involved. It examines how anesthetics can either suppress or modulate immune responses, depending on factors including drug type, dose and patient-specific characteristics. We discuss their influence on innate immunity, including the activity of natural killer cells, macrophages and neutrophils, as well as their impact on adaptive immunity, particularly T-cell activation, cytokine production and antigen presentation. In addition, we highlight the immunological consequences of commonly used anesthetic agents in clinical practice.
Anesthesia is essential in modern surgical practice, ensuring patient comfort, immobility, and amnesia. However, its impact on the immune system has become a growing area of research, as anesthetic agents can modulate immune function in complex ways. Emerging evidence suggests that anesthetics may induce immune dysregulation, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, with potential consequences for patient outcomes, particularly in the context of infection, inflammation and cancer. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the immunological effects of anesthesia, exploring the molecular and cellular pathways involved. It examines how anesthetics can either suppress or modulate immune responses, depending on factors including drug type, dose and patient-specific characteristics. We discuss their influence on innate immunity, including the activity of natural killer cells, macrophages and neutrophils, as well as their impact on adaptive immunity, particularly T-cell activation, cytokine production and antigen presentation. In addition, we highlight the immunological consequences of commonly used anesthetic agents in clinical practice.
ArticleNumber 37
Author Vincensi, Ricardo Nogueira
Coradi, Carolina
Padilha, Edina Cassiane
Falco, Mateus Lucas
Steffanello, Valentina Vieira
Ferneda, Hellena Alves
Campos, Aline Graciele Henriques
Bellandi, Gabriela Bonetti
Simonato, Maria Eduarda Pardal
da Silva Bender, Felipe
de Andrade Berny, Maria Paula
Titon, Odirlei João
da Silva Pereira Junior, Wilson
Panis, Carolina
Paz, Rafael Gomes
Fagundes, Tatiane Renata
da Silva, Luísa Cristina Fortuna
de Oliveira Manes, Larissa
Sotomayor, Marina Rayciki
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Immune dysregulation
Immune response
Anesthetic drugs
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Snippet Anesthesia is essential in modern surgical practice, ensuring patient comfort, immobility, and amnesia. However, its impact on the immune system has become a...
Abstract Anesthesia is essential in modern surgical practice, ensuring patient comfort, immobility, and amnesia. However, its impact on the immune system has...
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SubjectTerms Anesthesia
Anesthesiology
Anesthetic drugs
Critical Care Medicine
Immune dysregulation
Immune response
Intensive
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neurosciences
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Review Article
Surgery
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Title Mechanisms of anesthetic-induced immune dysregulation
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