Examination of the Effects of Plant-Sterol-Supplemented Processed Rice on Serum Cholesterol Level
Plant sterols are natural dietary components whose lowering effect on serum cholesterol level has been well documented. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plant-sterol-supplemented processed rice on serum of cholesterol level. In the determination, a double-blind, placebo-cont...
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| Published in | Food Preservation Science Vol. 34; no. 1; pp. 25 - 30 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan Association of Food Preservation Scientists
2008
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1344-1213 2186-1277 |
| DOI | 10.5891/jafps.34.25 |
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| Abstract | Plant sterols are natural dietary components whose lowering effect on serum cholesterol level has been well documented. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plant-sterol-supplemented processed rice on serum of cholesterol level. In the determination, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted using a 3-group parallel protocol. The subjects comprised 33 healthy Japanese males and females with a total cholesterol level of 234. 6± 24.6 (mean±SD, mg/ml). They were given a daily ration of rice balls prepared from plant-sterol-supplemented rice containing 1.46 and 2.25 g of plant sterol for 4 weeks. Serum total cholesterol was reduced by 4.6% in the 2.25 g/day plant-sterol (as β-sitosterol of about 968 mg/day) group (p<0.05). As for LDL cholesterol level, such reduction was observed in 4.3%. In all the groups, no significant change in the level of HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, RLP-cholesterol, VLD-lipoprotein, LD-lipoprotein or other kinds of apolipoprtein and biochemical parameters. In addition, no remarkable abnormality was observed in the subjective and objective examination of what symptoms. These results indicate that plant-sterol-supplemented processed rice is useful in supporting healthy eating habits for reducing serum total cholesterol level. |
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| AbstractList | Plant sterols are natural dietary components whose lowering effect on serum cholesterol level has been well documented. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plant-sterol-supplemented processed rice on serum of cholesterol level. In the determination, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted using a 3-group parallel protocol. The subjects comprised 33 healthy Japanese males and females with a total cholesterol level of 234. 6± 24.6 (mean±SD, mg/ml). They were given a daily ration of rice balls prepared from plant-sterol-supplemented rice containing 1.46 and 2.25 g of plant sterol for 4 weeks. Serum total cholesterol was reduced by 4.6% in the 2.25 g/day plant-sterol (as β-sitosterol of about 968 mg/day) group (p<0.05). As for LDL cholesterol level, such reduction was observed in 4.3%. In all the groups, no significant change in the level of HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, RLP-cholesterol, VLD-lipoprotein, LD-lipoprotein or other kinds of apolipoprtein and biochemical parameters. In addition, no remarkable abnormality was observed in the subjective and objective examination of what symptoms. These results indicate that plant-sterol-supplemented processed rice is useful in supporting healthy eating habits for reducing serum total cholesterol level. |
| Author | TSUJII, Yoshimasa TAKANO, Katsumi YATOMI, Shinji FUKUMOTO, Ikuo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: TSUJII, Yoshimasa organization: Alpha Foods Co., Ltd – sequence: 1 fullname: YATOMI, Shinji organization: Alpha Foods Co., Ltd – sequence: 1 fullname: FUKUMOTO, Ikuo organization: Alpha Foods Co., Ltd – sequence: 1 fullname: TAKANO, Katsumi organization: Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture |
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| References | 29) 吉村寛幸・角田光治 : 植物ステロールの機能性と利用, 食品と開発, 35, 11-13 (2000 12) SEKI, S., HIDAKA, I., KOJIMA, K., YOSHINO, H., AOYAMA, T., OKAZAKI, M. and KONDO, K. : Effects of phytosterol ester-enriched vegetable oil on plasma lipoproteins in healthy men. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 12,282-291 (2003 24) 池田郁男・菅野道広 : β-シトステロール, The Lipid, 5,101-105 (1994 8) OKUMIYA, N., TANAKA, K., UEDA, K. and OMAE, T. : Coronary atherosclerosis and antecedent risk factors : pathologic and epidemiologic study in Hisayama, Japan, Am. J. Cardiol, 56, 62-66 (1985 32) 森山信雄・篠崎隆・金山功・矢富伸治 : 新規機能性を付加した加工米の開発研究, 日本農芸化学会誌, 76,614-621 (2002 4) KEYS, A., ANDERSON, J. T. and GRANDE, F. : Serum choles terol response to changes in the diet. I. Iodine value of dietary fat versus 2 S-P, Metabolism, 14,747-758 (1965 17) OGINO, Y., HAYASHI, N., KIMURA, M., TAKIZAWA, K., MATSUOKA, R., MASUDA, Y. and HASEGAWA, M. : Effect of Dietary Plant Sterols and/or Mayonnaise Supplementation on the Lipid Metabolisms in Rats, J. Oleo Sci., 53, 67-72 (2004 15) SATO, H., ITO, K., SAKAKI, K., MORINAGA, Y., TASHIMA, I., SUKEGAWA, E., SHIMASAKI, H. and ITAKURA, H. : Effects of Soybean-germ Oil on Reducing Serum Cholesterol Levels in a Double-Blind Controlled Trial in Healthy Humans, J. Oleo Sci., 53, 9-16 (2004 20) 岡芳子・桐山修八・吉田昭 : 穀類, いも類, 種実類, 豆類のステロール組成, 栄養と食糧, 25,543-549 (1972 28) IKEDA, I. and SUGANO, M. : Inhibition of Cholesterol Absorption by Plant Sterols for Mass Intervention, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 9,527-531 (1998 33) 伊藤幸彦 : 米の食味と機能性および食品素材化技術II発芽玄米の多様な機能メタボリックシンドローム対策としての可能性, 食品工業, 48, 41-47 (2005 1) 厚生労働省健康局総務課生活習慣病対策室栄養調査係編 : 平成17年 国民栄養調査結果の概要について, http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2007/05/dl/h0516-3c.pdf (2007 6) KONISHI, M., ISO, H., IIDA, M., NAITO, Y., SATO, S., KOMACHI, Y., SHIMAMOTO, T., DOI, M. and ITO, M. : Trends for coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Japan : epidemiologic and pathologic studies, Japanese Circulation Journal, 54,428-435 (1990 30) 金山功・福本郁夫・鳥海善貴・村田幸治・矢富伸治・沖田健一・吉岡牧美・亀井勉 : 玄米エキス添加加工米による血中コレステロールへの影響, 健康・栄養食品研究, 3, 45-53 (2000 9) 厚生労働省医薬食品局食品安全部基準審査課 : 特定保健用食品の表示許可等一覧について, http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bukyoku/iyaku/syoku-anzen/ hokenkinou/hyouziseido.html (2007 18) MATSUOKA, R., MASUDA, Y., TAKEUCHI, A., MARUSHIMA, R., HASEGAWA, M., SAKAMOTO, A., HIRATA, H., KAJIMOTO, O. and HOMMA, Y. : A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effects of Mayonnaise Containing Free Plant Sterol on Serum Cholesterol Concentration; Safety Evaluation for Normocholesterolemic and Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Japanese Subjects, J. Oleo Sci., 53, 79-88 (2004 22) SALEN, G, AHRENS, E. H. Jr and GRUNDY, S. M. : Metabolism of beta-sitos-. terol in man, J. Clin. Invest., 49,952-967, (1970 27) MOGHADASIAN, M. H. and FROHLICH, J. J. : Effects of dietary phytosterols on cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis : clinical and experimental evidence. J. Am. J. Med., 107,588-594 (1999 5) 上島弘嗣 : 特別報告 1980年の循環器疾患基礎調査の追跡調査 (NIPPON DATA), 日循協誌, 31,231 (1997 13) SEKI, S., ABE, T., HIDAKA, I., KOJIMA, K., YOSHINO, H., AOYAMA, T., OKAZAKI, M. and KONDO, K. : Vegetable Oil Enriched with Phytosterol Ester and the Degree of Serum Cholesterol Lowering Effect in Healthy Subjects. J. Oleo Sci., 52,285-294 (2003 14) SATO, H., ITO, K., SAKAKI, K., MORINAGA, Y., SUKEGAWA, E., KITAMURA, T., SHIMASAKI, H. and ITAKURA, H. : Effects of Soybean-germ Oil on Reducing Serum Cholesterol Level, J. Oleo Sci., 50,649-655 (2001 25) JONES, P., J., MAC, DOUGALL, D. E., NTANIOS, F. and VANSTONE, C. A. : Dietary phytosterols as cholesterol-lowering agents in human diet, Can J. Physiol Pharmacol, 75,217-227 (1997 31) 金山功・福本郁夫・鳥海善貴・村田幸治・矢富伸治・沖田健一・吉岡牧美・亀井勉 : γ-オリザノール含有玄米エキス添加加工米の血中総コレステロールに対する有用性の検討, 健康・栄養食品研究, 3, 55-64 (2000 2) 農林水産省総合食料局食料企画課 : 食料需給表, http://www.maff.go.jp/j/zyukyu/fbs/dat/1-1.pdf (2007 10) SEKI, S., ABE, T., HIDAKA, I., KOJIMA, K., YOSHINO, H., AOYAMA, T., OKAZAKI, M. and KONDO, K. : Effects of Phytosterol Ester-Enriched Vegetable Oil on Serum Cholesterol and Assessment of Safety in Healthy Men, J. Oleo Sci., 52,205-213 (2003 11) KOJIMA, K., SEKI, S., HIDAKA, I., YOHINO, H., NOGUCHI, O., SATO, C. and AOYAMA, T. : Effects of Phytosterol Esters on Serum Lipids and Fecal Steroids Excretion in Hamsters, J. Oleo Sci., 52,229-237 (2003 7) KODAMA, K., SASAKI, H. and SHIMIZU, Y. : Trend of coronary heart disease and its relationship to risk factors in a Japanese population : a 26-year follow-up, Hiroshima/Nagasaki study, Japanese Circulation Journal, 54,414-421 (1990 21) HIRAI, K., SHIMAZU, C., TAKEZOE, R. and OZEKI, Y. : Cholesterol, phytosterol and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in 1982 and 1957 Japanese diets, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol, 32,363-372 (1986 3) UESHIMA, H., TATARA, K. and ASAKURA, S. : Declining mortality from ischaemic heart disease and changes in coronary risk factors in Japan, Am. J. Epidemiol, 125, 62-72 (1987 23) LEES, A. M., MOK H. Y., LEES, R. S. and MCCLUSKEY, M. A. : Grundy SM. Plant sterols as cholesterol-lowering agents : clinical trials in patients with hypercholesterolemia and studies of sterol balance, Atherosclerosis, 28,325-338 (1977 19) 伊藤俊博・松本太郎 : 種子植物のステロール成分, 油化学, 27,745-756 (1978 26) NGUYEN, T. T. : The cholesterol-lowering action of plant stanol esters, J. Nutr., 129, 2109-2112 (1999 16) Matsuoka, R., Masuda, Y., Takeuchi, A., Marushima, R. and Onuki, M. : Minimal Effective Dose of Plant Sterol on Serum Cholesterol Concentration in Japanese Subjects and Safety Evaluation of Plant Sterol Supplemented in Mayonnaise, J. Oleo Sci., 53, 17-27 (2004 |
| References_xml | – reference: 10) SEKI, S., ABE, T., HIDAKA, I., KOJIMA, K., YOSHINO, H., AOYAMA, T., OKAZAKI, M. and KONDO, K. : Effects of Phytosterol Ester-Enriched Vegetable Oil on Serum Cholesterol and Assessment of Safety in Healthy Men, J. Oleo Sci., 52,205-213 (2003) – reference: 5) 上島弘嗣 : 特別報告 1980年の循環器疾患基礎調査の追跡調査 (NIPPON DATA), 日循協誌, 31,231 (1997) – reference: 3) UESHIMA, H., TATARA, K. and ASAKURA, S. : Declining mortality from ischaemic heart disease and changes in coronary risk factors in Japan, Am. J. Epidemiol, 125, 62-72 (1987) – reference: 24) 池田郁男・菅野道広 : β-シトステロール, The Lipid, 5,101-105 (1994) – reference: 18) MATSUOKA, R., MASUDA, Y., TAKEUCHI, A., MARUSHIMA, R., HASEGAWA, M., SAKAMOTO, A., HIRATA, H., KAJIMOTO, O. and HOMMA, Y. : A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effects of Mayonnaise Containing Free Plant Sterol on Serum Cholesterol Concentration; Safety Evaluation for Normocholesterolemic and Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Japanese Subjects, J. Oleo Sci., 53, 79-88 (2004) – reference: 11) KOJIMA, K., SEKI, S., HIDAKA, I., YOHINO, H., NOGUCHI, O., SATO, C. and AOYAMA, T. : Effects of Phytosterol Esters on Serum Lipids and Fecal Steroids Excretion in Hamsters, J. Oleo Sci., 52,229-237 (2003) – reference: 21) HIRAI, K., SHIMAZU, C., TAKEZOE, R. and OZEKI, Y. : Cholesterol, phytosterol and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in 1982 and 1957 Japanese diets, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol, 32,363-372 (1986) – reference: 25) JONES, P., J., MAC, DOUGALL, D. E., NTANIOS, F. and VANSTONE, C. A. : Dietary phytosterols as cholesterol-lowering agents in human diet, Can J. Physiol Pharmacol, 75,217-227 (1997) – reference: 27) MOGHADASIAN, M. H. and FROHLICH, J. J. : Effects of dietary phytosterols on cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis : clinical and experimental evidence. J. Am. J. Med., 107,588-594 (1999) – reference: 15) SATO, H., ITO, K., SAKAKI, K., MORINAGA, Y., TASHIMA, I., SUKEGAWA, E., SHIMASAKI, H. and ITAKURA, H. : Effects of Soybean-germ Oil on Reducing Serum Cholesterol Levels in a Double-Blind Controlled Trial in Healthy Humans, J. Oleo Sci., 53, 9-16 (2004) – reference: 2) 農林水産省総合食料局食料企画課 : 食料需給表, http://www.maff.go.jp/j/zyukyu/fbs/dat/1-1.pdf (2007) – reference: 14) SATO, H., ITO, K., SAKAKI, K., MORINAGA, Y., SUKEGAWA, E., KITAMURA, T., SHIMASAKI, H. and ITAKURA, H. : Effects of Soybean-germ Oil on Reducing Serum Cholesterol Level, J. Oleo Sci., 50,649-655 (2001) – reference: 23) LEES, A. M., MOK H. Y., LEES, R. S. and MCCLUSKEY, M. A. : Grundy SM. Plant sterols as cholesterol-lowering agents : clinical trials in patients with hypercholesterolemia and studies of sterol balance, Atherosclerosis, 28,325-338 (1977) – reference: 29) 吉村寛幸・角田光治 : 植物ステロールの機能性と利用, 食品と開発, 35, 11-13 (2000) – reference: 30) 金山功・福本郁夫・鳥海善貴・村田幸治・矢富伸治・沖田健一・吉岡牧美・亀井勉 : 玄米エキス添加加工米による血中コレステロールへの影響, 健康・栄養食品研究, 3, 45-53 (2000) – reference: 1) 厚生労働省健康局総務課生活習慣病対策室栄養調査係編 : 平成17年 国民栄養調査結果の概要について, http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2007/05/dl/h0516-3c.pdf (2007) – reference: 28) IKEDA, I. and SUGANO, M. : Inhibition of Cholesterol Absorption by Plant Sterols for Mass Intervention, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 9,527-531 (1998) – reference: 7) KODAMA, K., SASAKI, H. and SHIMIZU, Y. : Trend of coronary heart disease and its relationship to risk factors in a Japanese population : a 26-year follow-up, Hiroshima/Nagasaki study, Japanese Circulation Journal, 54,414-421 (1990) – reference: 6) KONISHI, M., ISO, H., IIDA, M., NAITO, Y., SATO, S., KOMACHI, Y., SHIMAMOTO, T., DOI, M. and ITO, M. : Trends for coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Japan : epidemiologic and pathologic studies, Japanese Circulation Journal, 54,428-435 (1990) – reference: 17) OGINO, Y., HAYASHI, N., KIMURA, M., TAKIZAWA, K., MATSUOKA, R., MASUDA, Y. and HASEGAWA, M. : Effect of Dietary Plant Sterols and/or Mayonnaise Supplementation on the Lipid Metabolisms in Rats, J. Oleo Sci., 53, 67-72 (2004) – reference: 9) 厚生労働省医薬食品局食品安全部基準審査課 : 特定保健用食品の表示許可等一覧について, http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bukyoku/iyaku/syoku-anzen/ hokenkinou/hyouziseido.html (2007) – reference: 22) SALEN, G, AHRENS, E. H. Jr and GRUNDY, S. M. : Metabolism of beta-sitos-. terol in man, J. Clin. Invest., 49,952-967, (1970) – reference: 12) SEKI, S., HIDAKA, I., KOJIMA, K., YOSHINO, H., AOYAMA, T., OKAZAKI, M. and KONDO, K. : Effects of phytosterol ester-enriched vegetable oil on plasma lipoproteins in healthy men. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 12,282-291 (2003) – reference: 19) 伊藤俊博・松本太郎 : 種子植物のステロール成分, 油化学, 27,745-756 (1978) – reference: 33) 伊藤幸彦 : 米の食味と機能性および食品素材化技術II発芽玄米の多様な機能メタボリックシンドローム対策としての可能性, 食品工業, 48, 41-47 (2005) – reference: 16) Matsuoka, R., Masuda, Y., Takeuchi, A., Marushima, R. and Onuki, M. : Minimal Effective Dose of Plant Sterol on Serum Cholesterol Concentration in Japanese Subjects and Safety Evaluation of Plant Sterol Supplemented in Mayonnaise, J. Oleo Sci., 53, 17-27 (2004) – reference: 13) SEKI, S., ABE, T., HIDAKA, I., KOJIMA, K., YOSHINO, H., AOYAMA, T., OKAZAKI, M. and KONDO, K. : Vegetable Oil Enriched with Phytosterol Ester and the Degree of Serum Cholesterol Lowering Effect in Healthy Subjects. J. Oleo Sci., 52,285-294 (2003) – reference: 26) NGUYEN, T. T. : The cholesterol-lowering action of plant stanol esters, J. Nutr., 129, 2109-2112 (1999) – reference: 8) OKUMIYA, N., TANAKA, K., UEDA, K. and OMAE, T. : Coronary atherosclerosis and antecedent risk factors : pathologic and epidemiologic study in Hisayama, Japan, Am. J. Cardiol, 56, 62-66 (1985) – reference: 4) KEYS, A., ANDERSON, J. T. and GRANDE, F. : Serum choles terol response to changes in the diet. I. Iodine value of dietary fat versus 2 S-P, Metabolism, 14,747-758 (1965) – reference: 31) 金山功・福本郁夫・鳥海善貴・村田幸治・矢富伸治・沖田健一・吉岡牧美・亀井勉 : γ-オリザノール含有玄米エキス添加加工米の血中総コレステロールに対する有用性の検討, 健康・栄養食品研究, 3, 55-64 (2000) – reference: 32) 森山信雄・篠崎隆・金山功・矢富伸治 : 新規機能性を付加した加工米の開発研究, 日本農芸化学会誌, 76,614-621 (2002) – reference: 20) 岡芳子・桐山修八・吉田昭 : 穀類, いも類, 種実類, 豆類のステロール組成, 栄養と食糧, 25,543-549 (1972) |
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| Title | Examination of the Effects of Plant-Sterol-Supplemented Processed Rice on Serum Cholesterol Level |
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| ispartofPNX | Food Preservation Science, 2008/01/31, Vol.34(1), pp.25-30 |
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