Effects of orthochlorobenzalmalononitrile on horses used in Public Security
ABSTRACT The effects on human beings of tear gas (CS) used by police forces during the control of civil disturbances are widely known and amply described in numerous scientific papers. However, the advent of the concepts of animal welfare raises the question of whether animals exposed to CS in such...
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Published in | Arquivo brasileiro de medicina veterinária e zootecnia Vol. 74; no. 2; pp. 219 - 224 |
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Language | English |
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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária
01.03.2022
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
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Abstract | ABSTRACT The effects on human beings of tear gas (CS) used by police forces during the control of civil disturbances are widely known and amply described in numerous scientific papers. However, the advent of the concepts of animal welfare raises the question of whether animals exposed to CS in such events, specifically horses, would suffer the same effects as those described for humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mounted police horses exposed to CS exhibit the same symptoms as humans. In this study, 12 horses of the Military Police of Paraná, healthy and with no history of respiratory tract disorders, were led through a gas cloud caused by the detonation of six teargas grenades. The horses’ physiological parameters of respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and color of the eye mucosa were evaluated 24 hours before exposure, 30 min, and 24 hours after exposure. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count (CBC) and blood gas analysis and samples of eye mucosa were obtained using sterile swabs. The analysis of these parameters did not reveal effects analogous to those described in humans.
RESUMO Os efeitos sobre seres humanos do gás lacrimogêneo (CS) utilizado pelas forças policiais no controle de distúrbios civis são amplamente conhecidos e largamente descritos em numerosos artigos científicos. No entanto, com o advento dos conceitos de bem-estar animal, levanta-se a questão se animais expostos ao CS em tais eventos, especificamente cavalos, sofreriam os mesmos efeitos descritos em seres humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se cavalos da polícia montada expostos ao CS apresentam os mesmos sintomas descritos em seres humanos. Neste estudo, 12 cavalos da Polícia Militar do Paraná, saudáveis e sem histórico de doença do trato respiratório, foram conduzidos por uma nuvem de gás causada pela detonação de seis granadas de gás lacrimogêneo. Os parâmetros fisiológicos de frequência respiratória, frequência cardíaca, temperatura retal e coloração das mucosas foram avaliados 24 horas antes da exposição, 30 min e 24 horas após a exposição. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para realização de hemograma completo e hemogasometria, e amostras da mucosa ocular foram obtidas por meio de swabs estéreis. A análise desses parâmetros não revelou efeitos análogos aos descritos em seres humanos. |
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AbstractList | ABSTRACT The effects on human beings of tear gas (CS) used by police forces during the control of civil disturbances are widely known and amply described in numerous scientific papers. However, the advent of the concepts of animal welfare raises the question of whether animals exposed to CS in such events, specifically horses, would suffer the same effects as those described for humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mounted police horses exposed to CS exhibit the same symptoms as humans. In this study, 12 horses of the Military Police of Paraná, healthy and with no history of respiratory tract disorders, were led through a gas cloud caused by the detonation of six teargas grenades. The horses’ physiological parameters of respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and color of the eye mucosa were evaluated 24 hours before exposure, 30 min, and 24 hours after exposure. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count (CBC) and blood gas analysis and samples of eye mucosa were obtained using sterile swabs. The analysis of these parameters did not reveal effects analogous to those described in humans. ABSTRACT The effects on human beings of tear gas (CS) used by police forces during the control of civil disturbances are widely known and amply described in numerous scientific papers. However, the advent of the concepts of animal welfare raises the question of whether animals exposed to CS in such events, specifically horses, would suffer the same effects as those described for humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mounted police horses exposed to CS exhibit the same symptoms as humans. In this study, 12 horses of the Military Police of Paraná, healthy and with no history of respiratory tract disorders, were led through a gas cloud caused by the detonation of six teargas grenades. The horses’ physiological parameters of respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and color of the eye mucosa were evaluated 24 hours before exposure, 30 min, and 24 hours after exposure. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count (CBC) and blood gas analysis and samples of eye mucosa were obtained using sterile swabs. The analysis of these parameters did not reveal effects analogous to those described in humans. RESUMO Os efeitos sobre seres humanos do gás lacrimogêneo (CS) utilizado pelas forças policiais no controle de distúrbios civis são amplamente conhecidos e largamente descritos em numerosos artigos científicos. No entanto, com o advento dos conceitos de bem-estar animal, levanta-se a questão se animais expostos ao CS em tais eventos, especificamente cavalos, sofreriam os mesmos efeitos descritos em seres humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se cavalos da polícia montada expostos ao CS apresentam os mesmos sintomas descritos em seres humanos. Neste estudo, 12 cavalos da Polícia Militar do Paraná, saudáveis e sem histórico de doença do trato respiratório, foram conduzidos por uma nuvem de gás causada pela detonação de seis granadas de gás lacrimogêneo. Os parâmetros fisiológicos de frequência respiratória, frequência cardíaca, temperatura retal e coloração das mucosas foram avaliados 24 horas antes da exposição, 30 min e 24 horas após a exposição. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para realização de hemograma completo e hemogasometria, e amostras da mucosa ocular foram obtidas por meio de swabs estéreis. A análise desses parâmetros não revelou efeitos análogos aos descritos em seres humanos. |
Author | Rosa, B.M.A. Cruz, M.S. Schade, J. Dornbusch, P.T. |
AuthorAffiliation | Universidade Federal do Paraná Universidade Positivo |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Universidade Positivo – name: Universidade Federal do Paraná |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M.S. orcidid: 0000-0001-6414-9099 surname: Cruz fullname: Cruz, M.S. organization: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: P.T. orcidid: 0000-0002-0280-6548 surname: Dornbusch fullname: Dornbusch, P.T. organization: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: B.M.A. orcidid: 0000-0001-9638-179X surname: Rosa fullname: Rosa, B.M.A. organization: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: J. orcidid: 0000-0002-2267-2946 surname: Schade fullname: Schade, J. organization: Universidade Positivo, Brazil |
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Keywords | horse orthochlorobenzalmalononitrile tear gas cavalo mounted police ortoclorobenzalmalonitrilo gás lacrimogêneo polícia montada |
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References_xml | – year: 1998 ident: ref13 contributor: fullname: VALLA W.O – year: 1988 ident: ref10 contributor: fullname: SEBASTIÃO E.O. – volume: 32 start-page: 1031 year: 2002 ident: ref5 article-title: Blood gas analyses publication-title: Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. doi: 10.1016/S0195-5616(02)00035-9 contributor: fullname: DAY T.K – volume: 9 start-page: 1 year: 2004 ident: ref3 article-title: Bem-estar animal: conceito e questões relacionadas - revisão publication-title: Arch. Vet. Sci. doi: 10.5380/avs.v9i2.4057 contributor: fullname: BROOM D.M. – year: 2008 ident: ref11 contributor: fullname: SIDELL F.R – volume: 15 start-page: 5 year: 2013 ident: ref7 article-title: Airway inflammation and the barn environment publication-title: Equine. 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Analg. contributor: fullname: SCARABELLI, S.; TIMOFTE, D.; MALALANA, F. – volume: 16 start-page: 20 year: 2016 end-page: 22 article-title: Equine allergic reactions: diagnostics and treatment options publication-title: Vettimes contributor: fullname: IRVING, L – volume: 48 start-page: 13 year: 2016 end-page: 14 article-title: Immunoglobulin E and allergy publication-title: Equine Vet. J. contributor: fullname: WAGNER, B – year: 2009 publication-title: CURSO de extensão em equipamentos não letais I: caderno didático – year: 2008 publication-title: Medical Aspects of chemical warfare contributor: fullname: SIDELL, F.R – volume: 354 start-page: 1185 year: 1999 end-page: 1185 article-title: UK experts report on safety of CS spray publication-title: Lancet contributor: fullname: BRADBURY, J – volume: 32 start-page: 1031 year: 2002 end-page: 1048 article-title: Blood gas analyses publication-title: Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. contributor: fullname: DAY, T.K – volume: 29 start-page: 5 year: 2005 end-page: 8 article-title: Prevention of CS “tear gas”eye and skin effects and active decontamination with diphoterine: preliminary studies in 5 French Gendarmes publication-title: J. Emerg. Med. contributor: fullname: VIALA, B.; BLOMET, J.; MATHIEU, L. |
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SubjectTerms | horse mounted police orthochlorobenzalmalononitrile tear gas VETERINARY SCIENCES |
Title | Effects of orthochlorobenzalmalononitrile on horses used in Public Security |
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