Degradation dynamics of organophosphorus insecticides applied in stored soybean (Glycine max L.) during supervised trials

• Published in: Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellín Vol. 76; no. 1; pp. 10167 - 10175
• Main Authors: Strada, Julieta, Bruno, Cecilia, Nassetta, Mirtha María, Balzarini, Monica, Conles, Martha Yolanda, Rojas, Dante, Ricca, Alejandra P., Cristos, Diego, Martinez, Maria José
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bogota Universidad Nacional de Colombia 01.01.2023; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
• Subjects: AGRONOMY; Chlorpyrifos; Dichlorvos; Dissipation; Food consumption; Gas chromatography; Glycine max; Health risks; Insecticides; Insects; International standards; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Organophosphorus compounds; Organophosphorus pesticides; Pesticides; Pirimiphos-methyl; Residues; Soybeans; Residuos de diclorvos; Granos de poscosecha; Residuos de clorpirifos-metilo; Dichlorvos residues; Pirimiphos-methyl residues; Chlorpyrifos-methyl residues; Dissipation kinetics; Half-life; Postharvest grains; Cinética de disipación; Vida media; Residuos de pirimifos-metilo
• DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.102472
• ISSN: 0304-2847; 2248-7026

During storage, soybean kernels can be attacked by insects, which are preventively controlled with insecticides. Information on the dissipation of insecticide residues is crucial to know their final concentrations in food and establish the waiting periods necessary for consumption without health risks, and to determine the minimum waiting period necessary to comply with national and international standards. The aims of this study were to quantify the residue levels of organophosphorus insecticides (dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos-methyl and pirimiphos-methyl) in stored soybean, establish the effect during the storage period, and model the dissipation dynamics. Insecticide residues in soybeans were analyzed at 2, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after application. An analytical method based on QuEChERS extraction followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) determination was validated, with mean recoveries of 82-105%, depending on the spiking levels. Residues decreased below 80% of the initial concentration at 60 days after application and below quantifiable levels at 120 days. Residues followed a pseudo-first-order dissipation dynamics [Ct = C0×exp(-k.t)], with the dissipation constant (k) and half-lives being 0.538 and 1.3 days for dichlorvos, 0.018 and 38.8 days for chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 0.023 and 30.1 days for pirimiphos-methyl, respectively. These results allow concluding that, at the recommended dosage, these insecticides are safe for use on soybean grains stored under standard conditions commonly nowadays used in Argentina.