Fausses couches spontanées précoces répétées : quelle prise en charge proposer en 2006 ?

Les fausses couches spontanées répétées concernent plus de 1 % des couples désirant un enfant, mais les examens à la recherche d'une étiologie et les traitements à proposer ne sont pas consensuels. Plusieurs facteurs de risque sont actuellement connus et souvent intriqués. Le bilan à proposer c...

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Published inGynécologie, obstétrique & fertilité Vol. 34; no. 10; pp. 927 - 937
Main Author Lejeune, V.
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published Paris Elsevier SAS 01.10.2006
Elsevier
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1297-9589
1769-6682
DOI10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.08.008

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Abstract Les fausses couches spontanées répétées concernent plus de 1 % des couples désirant un enfant, mais les examens à la recherche d'une étiologie et les traitements à proposer ne sont pas consensuels. Plusieurs facteurs de risque sont actuellement connus et souvent intriqués. Le bilan à proposer chez ces couples comporte au minimum un caryotype parental, une hystéroscopie à la recherche de malformations utérines et la recherche de facteurs biologiques de thrombophilie (anticorps anticardiolipides, anticoagulant circulant, protéine C, protéine S, résistance à la protéine C activée, mutations du facteur V Leiden et du facteur II) et de facteurs antinucléaires. L'interrogatoire et l'examen clinique doivent rechercher des signes de maladies de système ou endocriniennes (dysthyroïdie, diabète). Aucun dosage hormonal n'est recommandé, sauf s'il existe des troubles du cycle menstruel ou une stérilité associée. Les voies de recherche concernent les biais d'inactivation de l'X, le typage HLA, l'étude des médiateurs de l'inflammation et de l'immunité. Les possibilités thérapeutiques sont le diagnostic préimplantatoire en cas d'anomalie du caryotype parental, la résection des cloisons et synéchies utérines, l'association aspirine plus héparine dans le syndrome des antiphospholipides, et l'aspirine associée à une corticothérapie dans les maladies de système comme le lupus. L'héparine semble apporter un bénéfice, notamment chez les patientes ayant des facteurs biologiques de thrombose, mais les études sont encore peu nombreuses. Cette nouvelle approche thérapeutique justifie à notre avis d'adresser les couples dont le bilan est négatif dans des consultations spécialisées, pour les inclure éventuellement dans des essais cliniques. Enfin, l'écoute empathique de ces couples et le soutien psychologique sont indispensables dans une pathologie où la cause réelle de l'arrêt de grossesse est probablement souvent multifactorielle. More than 1% of the couples whishing children suffer from recurrent miscarriage, but investigations and treatment are not consensual. Most patients have several risk factors, and a minimum investigation of known factors has to be undertaken: karyotyping of the couple, hysteroscopy for searching uterine anatomic anomalies, evaluation for thrombophilias (anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, protein C activity, Proteine S activity, factor V Leiden and factor II mutations, activated protein C resistance), antinuclear antibodies. Systemic diseases (like lupus) and endocrine abnormalities (like thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus) have to be detected by clinical examination and questioning. No endocrine investigation is recommended, unless irregular menstruations or sterility. Research in recurrent pregnancy loss are conducted in new associated factors, such as skewed-X-chromosome inactivation, maternal HLA types, modifications in specific immune molecules and cells regulation. Therapeutic proposals are preimplantation genetic diagnosis in case of abnormal karyotiping, hysteroscopic surgery for septate uterus, aspirin plus heparin in antiphospholipid-positive patients, and aspirin plus corticosteroids in systemic lupus. Heparin seems to improve obstetrical prognosis for patients with congenital or acquired thrombophilias, but there are only few studies carried out on the subject. This new therapeutic approach should incite the patients with a negative medical appraisal to be referred to specialized consultations in order to include them in eventual clinical tests. Finally, empathic listening and psychological support are necessary in a pathology with multiple etiological factors.
AbstractList Les fausses couches spontanées répétées concernent plus de 1 % des couples désirant un enfant, mais les examens à la recherche d'une étiologie et les traitements à proposer ne sont pas consensuels. Plusieurs facteurs de risque sont actuellement connus et souvent intriqués. Le bilan à proposer chez ces couples comporte au minimum un caryotype parental, une hystéroscopie à la recherche de malformations utérines et la recherche de facteurs biologiques de thrombophilie (anticorps anticardiolipides, anticoagulant circulant, protéine C, protéine S, résistance à la protéine C activée, mutations du facteur V Leiden et du facteur II) et de facteurs antinucléaires. L'interrogatoire et l'examen clinique doivent rechercher des signes de maladies de système ou endocriniennes (dysthyroïdie, diabète). Aucun dosage hormonal n'est recommandé, sauf s'il existe des troubles du cycle menstruel ou une stérilité associée. Les voies de recherche concernent les biais d'inactivation de l'X, le typage HLA, l'étude des médiateurs de l'inflammation et de l'immunité. Les possibilités thérapeutiques sont le diagnostic préimplantatoire en cas d'anomalie du caryotype parental, la résection des cloisons et synéchies utérines, l'association aspirine plus héparine dans le syndrome des antiphospholipides, et l'aspirine associée à une corticothérapie dans les maladies de système comme le lupus. L'héparine semble apporter un bénéfice, notamment chez les patientes ayant des facteurs biologiques de thrombose, mais les études sont encore peu nombreuses. Cette nouvelle approche thérapeutique justifie à notre avis d'adresser les couples dont le bilan est négatif dans des consultations spécialisées, pour les inclure éventuellement dans des essais cliniques. Enfin, l'écoute empathique de ces couples et le soutien psychologique sont indispensables dans une pathologie où la cause réelle de l'arrêt de grossesse est probablement souvent multifactorielle. More than 1% of the couples whishing children suffer from recurrent miscarriage, but investigations and treatment are not consensual. Most patients have several risk factors, and a minimum investigation of known factors has to be undertaken: karyotyping of the couple, hysteroscopy for searching uterine anatomic anomalies, evaluation for thrombophilias (anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, protein C activity, Proteine S activity, factor V Leiden and factor II mutations, activated protein C resistance), antinuclear antibodies. Systemic diseases (like lupus) and endocrine abnormalities (like thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus) have to be detected by clinical examination and questioning. No endocrine investigation is recommended, unless irregular menstruations or sterility. Research in recurrent pregnancy loss are conducted in new associated factors, such as skewed-X-chromosome inactivation, maternal HLA types, modifications in specific immune molecules and cells regulation. Therapeutic proposals are preimplantation genetic diagnosis in case of abnormal karyotiping, hysteroscopic surgery for septate uterus, aspirin plus heparin in antiphospholipid-positive patients, and aspirin plus corticosteroids in systemic lupus. Heparin seems to improve obstetrical prognosis for patients with congenital or acquired thrombophilias, but there are only few studies carried out on the subject. This new therapeutic approach should incite the patients with a negative medical appraisal to be referred to specialized consultations in order to include them in eventual clinical tests. Finally, empathic listening and psychological support are necessary in a pathology with multiple etiological factors.
Author Lejeune, V.
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Issue 10
Keywords Skewed-X-chromosome inactivation
Fausses couches
Cloison utérine
Avortement
Caryotype
Thrombophilie
Biais d'inactivation de l'X
Abortion
Anticardiolipin
Septate uterus
Thrombophilia
Recurrent pregnancy loss
Anticardiolipides
Karyotyping
Miscarriage
Diphosphatidylglycérol
Inactivation
Coagulopathie
Maladie congénitale
Anticorps
Gestation pathologie
Hypercoagulabilité
Gynécologie
Avortement habituel
Hémopathie
Homme
Cloison
Chromosome X
Utérus
Récidive
Précoce
Exploration
Prise en charge
Cytogénétique
Malformation
Appareil génital femelle
Autoanticorps
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Snippet Les fausses couches spontanées répétées concernent plus de 1 % des couples désirant un enfant, mais les examens à la recherche d'une étiologie et les...
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SubjectTerms Abortion
Anticardiolipides
Anticardiolipin
Avortement
Biais d'inactivation de l'X
Caryotype
Cloison utérine
Fausses couches
Gestation. Foetus. Placenta
Gynecologie. Andrologie. Obstetrique
Hemopathies
Karyotyping
Maladies des thrombocytes et coagulopathies
Miscarriage
Pathologie mère, foetus, gestation
Recurrent pregnancy loss
Sciences biologiques et medicales
Sciences medicales
Septate uterus
Skewed-X-chromosome inactivation
Thrombophilia
Thrombophilie
Title Fausses couches spontanées précoces répétées : quelle prise en charge proposer en 2006 ?
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.08.008
Volume 34
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