L’anesthésie en période néonatale a-t-elle un effet défavorable sur le devenir cognitif ? Le point de vue de l’épidémiologiste
Un effet délétère de l’anesthésie générale (AG) a été mis en évidence essentiellement dans des expérimentations sur modèles animaux. Dès 2005, la Food and drug administration recommandait de procéder à des études chez l’homme, soulignant qu’il allait falloir résoudre beaucoup de questions de méthode...
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Published in | Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Société française de pédiatrie Vol. 20; no. 9; pp. 1011 - 1015 |
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Format | Journal Article Conference Proceeding |
Language | French |
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01.09.2013
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Abstract | Un effet délétère de l’anesthésie générale (AG) a été mis en évidence essentiellement dans des expérimentations sur modèles animaux. Dès 2005, la Food and drug administration recommandait de procéder à des études chez l’homme, soulignant qu’il allait falloir résoudre beaucoup de questions de méthodes avant de pouvoir apprécier le risque de l’anesthésie sur un cerveau en développement. La plupart des études chez l’homme sont des études observationnelles qui montrent qu’après prise en compte d’un ajustement nécessaire (avec modalités variées pour cet ajustement), l’effet délétère de l’anesthésie disparaît ou n’est qu’extrêmement faible. Compte tenu des nombreux biais dans ces études, biais liés à la sélection de la population, au contrôle de l’exposition et aux mesures pour le critère de jugement, la réalisation d’études prospectives est devenue extrêmement importante. Deux études internationales prospectives sont en cours, et il faudra attendre encore quelques années avant d’en connaître leurs résultats. Quant à l’extrapolation des résultats observés chez les rats à l’homme, elle pose de nombreuses questions. À ce jour, aucun changement de pratique ne peut être recommandé et il ne faut pas laisser de place au sensationnalisme.
Adverse effects of general anesthesia have been observed repeatedly, mainly in animal model studies and in rodents. Already in 2005, the Food and Drug Administration recommended proceeding to similar studies in human infants, highlighting that there were several methodological issues to solve before being able to appreciate the risk of anesthetic agents on the developing brain. Most studies conducted in humans were observational studies, showing a very mild adverse effect on cognitive functions, an effect that disappeared when properly adjusted analysis was performed (with various modalities for analysis and protocols for these adjusted results). Due to numerous biases in these observational studies – bias related to selection of the population and the control subjects and their comparability as well as outcome measure assessment, it has become extremely important to conduct prospective studies. Two international studies are currently under way, but their results will not be available for a few years. How animal model results can be relevant to human babies remains controversial. Until today, and according to the current state of the art, no changes in practices are indicated, and it is important for infants and their families to avoid sensationalist messages. |
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AbstractList | Un effet délétère de l’anesthésie générale (AG) a été mis en évidence essentiellement dans des expérimentations sur modèles animaux. Dès 2005, la Food and drug administration recommandait de procéder à des études chez l’homme, soulignant qu’il allait falloir résoudre beaucoup de questions de méthodes avant de pouvoir apprécier le risque de l’anesthésie sur un cerveau en développement. La plupart des études chez l’homme sont des études observationnelles qui montrent qu’après prise en compte d’un ajustement nécessaire (avec modalités variées pour cet ajustement), l’effet délétère de l’anesthésie disparaît ou n’est qu’extrêmement faible. Compte tenu des nombreux biais dans ces études, biais liés à la sélection de la population, au contrôle de l’exposition et aux mesures pour le critère de jugement, la réalisation d’études prospectives est devenue extrêmement importante. Deux études internationales prospectives sont en cours, et il faudra attendre encore quelques années avant d’en connaître leurs résultats. Quant à l’extrapolation des résultats observés chez les rats à l’homme, elle pose de nombreuses questions. À ce jour, aucun changement de pratique ne peut être recommandé et il ne faut pas laisser de place au sensationnalisme.
Adverse effects of general anesthesia have been observed repeatedly, mainly in animal model studies and in rodents. Already in 2005, the Food and Drug Administration recommended proceeding to similar studies in human infants, highlighting that there were several methodological issues to solve before being able to appreciate the risk of anesthetic agents on the developing brain. Most studies conducted in humans were observational studies, showing a very mild adverse effect on cognitive functions, an effect that disappeared when properly adjusted analysis was performed (with various modalities for analysis and protocols for these adjusted results). Due to numerous biases in these observational studies – bias related to selection of the population and the control subjects and their comparability as well as outcome measure assessment, it has become extremely important to conduct prospective studies. Two international studies are currently under way, but their results will not be available for a few years. How animal model results can be relevant to human babies remains controversial. Until today, and according to the current state of the art, no changes in practices are indicated, and it is important for infants and their families to avoid sensationalist messages. |
Author | Cans, C. |
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Keywords | Pédiatrie Cognition Exposition Homme Néonatal Enfant Santé publique Complication Evolution Epidémiologiste Anesthésie Epidémiologie Nouveau né Point de vue |
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SubjectTerms | Divers Développement de l'enfant Enfant Nouveau-né. Nourrisson Psychologie du développement Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie Psychologie. Psychophysiologie Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail Santé publique. Hygiène Sciences biologiques et medicales Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie Sciences medicales |
Title | L’anesthésie en période néonatale a-t-elle un effet défavorable sur le devenir cognitif ? Le point de vue de l’épidémiologiste |
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