Mikroklimatski uvjeti u vrtači na području krša

• Published in: Nova mehanizacija šumarstva Vol. 44; no. 1; pp. 67 - 74
• Main Authors: Soldo, Karla, Tikvić, Ivica, Ugarković, Damir
• Format: Journal Article Paper
• Language: English; Croatian
• Published: Fakultet šumarstva i drvne tehnologije Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 15.12.2023
• Subjects: mikroklima, krš, vrtača, temperaturna inverzija
• DOI: 10.5552/nms.2023.7
• ISSN: 1845-8815

Mikroklima je specifična klima nekoga manjega, a često ograničenoga prostora, šume, livade, nekih reljefnih oblika itd. Ona ovisi o makroklimi širega prostora, ali i o drugim stanišnim i sastojinskim čimbenicima. Cilj je istraživanja bio analizirati mikroklimu vrtače ili ponikve, krškoga fenomena. Istraživanje je obavljeno na području Cipala u Nacionalnom parku Sjeverni Velebit. Mikroklima je izmjerena na tri različite pozicije vrtače, a to su obod (rub), sredina i dno vrtače. Izmjereni su klimatski elementi temperatura zraka (°C), relativna vlažnost zraka (%), temperatura tla (°C) i volumetrijska vlaga tla (%). Najveća je amplituda temperature zraka bila na obodu vrtače. Temperatura se zraka smanjivala s dubinom vrtače, a relativna se vlaga zraka povećavala s dubinom vrtače. Za oba je klimatska elementa postojala statistički značajna razlika samo na dnu vrtače. Temperaturni gradijent u vrtači je iznosio 0,7 °C. Temperatura se tla značajno smanjivala od oboda vrtače do dna vrtače. Apsolutna minimalna vrijednost vlage tla bila je na obodu vrtače, a apsolutna maksimalna vlaga tla bila je na sredini vrtače, gdje je utvrđena i najveće kolebanje vlage tla. Volumetrijska se vlaga tla statistički značajno razlikovala na sva tri mjesta u vrtači. Mikroklima vrtače utjecala je na obrnuti raspored šumskih ekosustava s obzirom na nadmorsku visinu. Microclimate is the specific climate of a smaller, often limited space, forest, meadow, some landforms, etc. It depends on the macroclimate of the wider area, but also on a number of other habitat and stand factors. The aim of the research was to analyse the microclimate of one of the karst phenomena – a sinkhole. The research was carried out in the area of Mule in the Northern Velebit National Park. The microclimate was measured at three different positions of the sinkhole, namely the rim, middle and bottom of the sinkhole. The following climatic elements were measured: air temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%), soil temperature (°C) and volumetric soil moisture (%). The highest air temperature amplitude was observed at the rim of the sinkhole. The air temperature decreased with the depth of the sinkhole, and the relative air humidity increased with the depth of the sinkhole. For both climatic elements, there was a statistically significant difference only at the bottom of the sinkhole. The temperature gradient in the sinkhole was 0.7 °C. Soil temperatures decreased significantly from the rim to the bottom of the sinkhole. The absolute minimum value of soil moisture was observed at the rim of the sinkhole, and the absolute maximum soil moisture in the middle of the sinkhole, where the greatest fluctuation of soil moisture was found. Volumetric soil moisture was statistically significantly different at all three positions in the sinkhole. The microclimate of the sinkhole affected the inverse arrangement of forest ecosystems with respect to altitude.