Understanding the Distribution of Flowering Individuals of Rhododendron reticulatum Using UAV and Image Recognition by Machine Learning

Wild azaleas are declining in the secondary forests in the Kansai region, and their conservation has become an important issue. In order to strategically conserve wild azaleas, we believe it is necessary to develop a method for obtaining quantitative data on flowering individuals over an area of sev...

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Published inJournal of the Japanese Forest Society Vol. 104; no. 1; pp. 50 - 55
Main Author Niwa, Hideyuki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Japanese
Published THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY 01.02.2022
Subjects
flowering individuals
machine learning
Rhododendron reticulatum
secondary forest
UAV
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Abstract Wild azaleas are declining in the secondary forests in the Kansai region, and their conservation has become an important issue. In order to strategically conserve wild azaleas, we believe it is necessary to develop a method for obtaining quantitative data on flowering individuals over an area of several hundred hectares. A total of 109.4 ha of forest in Takaragaike Park (Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City) was the subject of this study. An orthomosaic image was created from data taken by a UAV on April 8, 2020. Using a machine learning, we automatically detected the flowers of Rhododendron reticulatum from orthomosaic images. At the same time, flowering individuals of R. reticulatum were surveyed at 46 sites. The accuracy of detecting the flowers of R. reticulatum using a machine learning was high (Overall Accuracy＝97.9％). There was a strong correlation between the number of flowering individuals at the field study sites and the area of flowers calculated from image detection results (r＝0.75). A new method for understanding the distribution of flowering individuals of R. reticulatum was demonstrated.
AbstractList Wild azaleas are declining in the secondary forests in the Kansai region, and their conservation has become an important issue. In order to strategically conserve wild azaleas, we believe it is necessary to develop a method for obtaining quantitative data on flowering individuals over an area of several hundred hectares. A total of 109.4 ha of forest in Takaragaike Park (Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City) was the subject of this study. An orthomosaic image was created from data taken by a UAV on April 8, 2020. Using a machine learning, we automatically detected the flowers of Rhododendron reticulatum from orthomosaic images. At the same time, flowering individuals of R. reticulatum were surveyed at 46 sites. The accuracy of detecting the flowers of R. reticulatum using a machine learning was high (Overall Accuracy＝97.9％). There was a strong correlation between the number of flowering individuals at the field study sites and the area of flowers calculated from image detection results (r＝0.75). A new method for understanding the distribution of flowering individuals of R. reticulatum was demonstrated.
Author Niwa, Hideyuki
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10.5738/jale.25.193
10.1016/j.jag.2014.03.018
10.5632/jila.66.231
10.5632/jila1934.48.5_151
10.1007/s10344-020-01450-6
10.5632/jila.60.485
10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.015
10.5632/jila.62.529
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References 森本淳子・吉田博宣 (1998) コバノミツバツツジの樹冠の成長速度と将来の樹冠構造の推定ランドスケープ研究 62(5): 529-532
Weiss AD (2001) Topographic position and landforms analysis. Poster Presentation, ESRI Users Conference.
森本淳子・丸山　宏・柴田昌三 (1996) 異なる光環境に生育するコバノミツバツツジの開花のメカニズム．ランドスケープ研究 60(5): 485-488
De Reu J, Bourgeois J, Bats M, Zwertvaegher A, Gelorini V, De Smedt P, Chu W, Antrop M, De Maeyer P, Finke P, Van Meirvenne M, Verniers J, Crombé P (2013) Application of the topographic position index to heterogeneous landscapes. Geomorphology 186: 39-49
古賀陽子・若木優子・小林達明・長谷川秀三 (2003) 房総半島に自生するミツバツツジ節2種の生育立地．ランドスケープ研究 66(3): 231-237
吉村謙一・相村英範 (2010) 広葉樹二次林におけるコバノミツバツツジの着花と樹冠のシュート動態．森林応用研究 19(2): 19-25
中嶋真希・田端敬三・奥村博司・阿部　進 (2016) 都市近郊二次林におけるコバノミツバツツジ（Rhododendron reticulatum D. Don ex G. Don）の開花の有無に及ぼす要因．日緑化工誌 42(1): 86-91
Saberioon MM, Amin MSM, Anuar AR, Gholizadeh A, Wayayok A, Khairunniza-Bejo S (2014) Assessment of rice leaf chlorophyll content using visible bands at different growth stages at both the leaf and canopy scale. Int J App Earth Observ Geoinform 32: 35-45
上原三知・重松敏則 (2006) 九州の二次林におけるヤマツツジおよびコバノミツバツツジの着花数と環境条件との関係．ランドスケープ研究 69: 593-596
Niwa H (2021) Assessing the activity of deer and their influence on vegetation in a wetland using automatic cameras and low altitude remote sensing (LARS). Eur J Wildl Res 67: 3
重松敏則・高橋理喜男・鈴木　尚 (1984) 二次林林床における光条件の改良が野生ツツジ類の着花に及ぼす効果．造園雑誌 48(5): 151-156
丹羽英之・森定　伸・小川みどり・鎌田磨人 (2020) 近赤外線センサー搭載UAVを用いた効率的な植生図作成手法の開発．景観生態学 25: 193-207
11
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References_xml – reference: 森本淳子・吉田博宣 (1998) コバノミツバツツジの樹冠の成長速度と将来の樹冠構造の推定ランドスケープ研究 62(5): 529-532
– reference: 森本淳子・丸山　宏・柴田昌三 (1996) 異なる光環境に生育するコバノミツバツツジの開花のメカニズム．ランドスケープ研究 60(5): 485-488
– reference: Saberioon MM, Amin MSM, Anuar AR, Gholizadeh A, Wayayok A, Khairunniza-Bejo S (2014) Assessment of rice leaf chlorophyll content using visible bands at different growth stages at both the leaf and canopy scale. Int J App Earth Observ Geoinform 32: 35-45
– reference: 中嶋真希・田端敬三・奥村博司・阿部　進 (2016) 都市近郊二次林におけるコバノミツバツツジ（Rhododendron reticulatum D. Don ex G. Don）の開花の有無に及ぼす要因．日緑化工誌 42(1): 86-91
– reference: 重松敏則・高橋理喜男・鈴木　尚 (1984) 二次林林床における光条件の改良が野生ツツジ類の着花に及ぼす効果．造園雑誌 48(5): 151-156
– reference: Niwa H (2021) Assessing the activity of deer and their influence on vegetation in a wetland using automatic cameras and low altitude remote sensing (LARS). Eur J Wildl Res 67: 3
– reference: 丹羽英之・森定　伸・小川みどり・鎌田磨人 (2020) 近赤外線センサー搭載UAVを用いた効率的な植生図作成手法の開発．景観生態学 25: 193-207
– reference: 古賀陽子・若木優子・小林達明・長谷川秀三 (2003) 房総半島に自生するミツバツツジ節2種の生育立地．ランドスケープ研究 66(3): 231-237
– reference: De Reu J, Bourgeois J, Bats M, Zwertvaegher A, Gelorini V, De Smedt P, Chu W, Antrop M, De Maeyer P, Finke P, Van Meirvenne M, Verniers J, Crombé P (2013) Application of the topographic position index to heterogeneous landscapes. Geomorphology 186: 39-49
– reference: 上原三知・重松敏則 (2006) 九州の二次林におけるヤマツツジおよびコバノミツバツツジの着花数と環境条件との関係．ランドスケープ研究 69: 593-596
– reference: Weiss AD (2001) Topographic position and landforms analysis. Poster Presentation, ESRI Users Conference.
– reference: 吉村謙一・相村英範 (2010) 広葉樹二次林におけるコバノミツバツツジの着花と樹冠のシュート動態．森林応用研究 19(2): 19-25
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  doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2014.03.018
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Snippet Wild azaleas are declining in the secondary forests in the Kansai region, and their conservation has become an important issue. In order to strategically...
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SubjectTerms flowering individuals
machine learning
Rhododendron reticulatum
secondary forest
UAV
Title Understanding the Distribution of Flowering Individuals of Rhododendron reticulatum Using UAV and Image Recognition by Machine Learning
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