The ivory lncRNA regulates seasonal color patterns in buckeye butterflies
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed elements increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating gene expression. Thus far, however, we have little understanding of how lncRNAs contribute to evolution and adaptation. Here, we show that a conserved lncRNA, , is an important color patterni...
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Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 121; no. 41; p. e2403426121 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
National Academy of Sciences
08.10.2024
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Abstract | Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed elements increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating gene expression. Thus far, however, we have little understanding of how lncRNAs contribute to evolution and adaptation. Here, we show that a conserved lncRNA,
, is an important color patterning gene in the buckeye butterfly
.
overlaps with
, a locus linked to multiple cases of crypsis and mimicry in Lepidoptera. Along with a companion paper by Livraghi et al., we argue that
, not
, is the color pattern gene of interest at this locus. In
, a cluster of
-regulatory elements (CREs) in the first intron of
are genetically associated with natural variation in seasonal color pattern plasticity, and targeted deletions of these CREs phenocopy seasonal phenotypes. Deletions of different
CREs produce other distinct phenotypes as well, including loss of melanic eyespot rings, and positive and negative changes in overall wing pigmentation. We show that the color pattern transcription factors Spineless, Bric-a-brac, and Ftz-f1 bind to the
promoter during wing pattern development, suggesting that they directly regulate
. This case study demonstrates how
-regulation of a single noncoding RNA can exert diverse and nuanced effects on the evolution and development of color patterns, including modulating seasonally plastic color patterns. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed elements increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating gene expression. Thus far, however, we have little understanding of how lncRNAs contribute to evolution and adaptation. Here, we show that a conserved lncRNA, ivory , is an important color patterning gene in the buckeye butterfly Junonia coenia . ivory overlaps with cortex , a locus linked to multiple cases of crypsis and mimicry in Lepidoptera. Along with a companion paper by Livraghi et al., we argue that ivory , not cortex , is the color pattern gene of interest at this locus. In J. coenia , a cluster of cis -regulatory elements (CREs) in the first intron of ivory are genetically associated with natural variation in seasonal color pattern plasticity, and targeted deletions of these CREs phenocopy seasonal phenotypes. Deletions of different ivory CREs produce other distinct phenotypes as well, including loss of melanic eyespot rings, and positive and negative changes in overall wing pigmentation. We show that the color pattern transcription factors Spineless, Bric-a-brac, and Ftz-f1 bind to the ivory promoter during wing pattern development, suggesting that they directly regulate ivory . This case study demonstrates how cis -regulation of a single noncoding RNA can exert diverse and nuanced effects on the evolution and development of color patterns, including modulating seasonally plastic color patterns. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed elements increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating gene expression. Thus far, however, we have little understanding of how lncRNAs contribute to evolution and adaptation. Here, we show that a conserved lncRNA, ivory, is an important color patterning gene in the buckeye butterfly Junonia coenia. ivory overlaps with cortex, a locus linked to multiple cases of crypsis and mimicry in Lepidoptera. Along with a companion paper by Livraghi et al., we argue that ivory, not cortex, is the color pattern gene of interest at this locus. In J. coenia, a cluster of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in the first intron of ivory are genetically associated with natural variation in seasonal color pattern plasticity, and targeted deletions of these CREs phenocopy seasonal phenotypes. Deletions of different ivory CREs produce other distinct phenotypes as well, including loss of melanic eyespot rings, and positive and negative changes in overall wing pigmentation. We show that the color pattern transcription factors Spineless, Bric-a-brac, and Ftz-f1 bind to the ivory promoter during wing pattern development, suggesting that they directly regulate ivory. This case study demonstrates how cis-regulation of a single noncoding RNA can exert diverse and nuanced effects on the evolution and development of color patterns, including modulating seasonally plastic color patterns.Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed elements increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating gene expression. Thus far, however, we have little understanding of how lncRNAs contribute to evolution and adaptation. Here, we show that a conserved lncRNA, ivory, is an important color patterning gene in the buckeye butterfly Junonia coenia. ivory overlaps with cortex, a locus linked to multiple cases of crypsis and mimicry in Lepidoptera. Along with a companion paper by Livraghi et al., we argue that ivory, not cortex, is the color pattern gene of interest at this locus. In J. coenia, a cluster of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in the first intron of ivory are genetically associated with natural variation in seasonal color pattern plasticity, and targeted deletions of these CREs phenocopy seasonal phenotypes. Deletions of different ivory CREs produce other distinct phenotypes as well, including loss of melanic eyespot rings, and positive and negative changes in overall wing pigmentation. We show that the color pattern transcription factors Spineless, Bric-a-brac, and Ftz-f1 bind to the ivory promoter during wing pattern development, suggesting that they directly regulate ivory. This case study demonstrates how cis-regulation of a single noncoding RNA can exert diverse and nuanced effects on the evolution and development of color patterns, including modulating seasonally plastic color patterns. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed elements increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating gene expression. Thus far, however, we have little understanding of how lncRNAs contribute to evolution and adaptation. Here, we show that a conserved lncRNA, , is an important color patterning gene in the buckeye butterfly . overlaps with , a locus linked to multiple cases of crypsis and mimicry in Lepidoptera. Along with a companion paper by Livraghi et al., we argue that , not , is the color pattern gene of interest at this locus. In , a cluster of -regulatory elements (CREs) in the first intron of are genetically associated with natural variation in seasonal color pattern plasticity, and targeted deletions of these CREs phenocopy seasonal phenotypes. Deletions of different CREs produce other distinct phenotypes as well, including loss of melanic eyespot rings, and positive and negative changes in overall wing pigmentation. We show that the color pattern transcription factors Spineless, Bric-a-brac, and Ftz-f1 bind to the promoter during wing pattern development, suggesting that they directly regulate . This case study demonstrates how -regulation of a single noncoding RNA can exert diverse and nuanced effects on the evolution and development of color patterns, including modulating seasonally plastic color patterns. |
Author | van der Burg, Karin R L Fandino, Richard A Reed, Robert D McDonald, Jeanne M C Chatterjee, Martik Livraghi, Luca Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, Eirene Brady, Noah K Mazo-Vargas, Anyi |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Richard A orcidid: 0000-0003-2442-2681 surname: Fandino fullname: Fandino, Richard A organization: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 – sequence: 2 givenname: Noah K surname: Brady fullname: Brady, Noah K organization: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 – sequence: 3 givenname: Martik orcidid: 0000-0003-4689-6212 surname: Chatterjee fullname: Chatterjee, Martik organization: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 – sequence: 4 givenname: Jeanne M C surname: McDonald fullname: McDonald, Jeanne M C organization: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 – sequence: 5 givenname: Luca orcidid: 0000-0002-2597-7550 surname: Livraghi fullname: Livraghi, Luca organization: Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 – sequence: 6 givenname: Karin R L surname: van der Burg fullname: van der Burg, Karin R L organization: Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631 – sequence: 7 givenname: Anyi orcidid: 0000-0001-9644-2871 surname: Mazo-Vargas fullname: Mazo-Vargas, Anyi organization: Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 – sequence: 8 givenname: Eirene surname: Markenscoff-Papadimitriou fullname: Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, Eirene organization: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 – sequence: 9 givenname: Robert D orcidid: 0000-0002-6065-6728 surname: Reed fullname: Reed, Robert D organization: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Butterflies & moths Butterflies - genetics Butterflies - physiology Color Crypsis Eyespot Gene expression Insect Proteins - genetics Insect Proteins - metabolism Mimicry Non-coding RNA Pattern recognition Patterning Phenotype Phenotypes Phenotypic plasticity Phenotypic variations Pigmentation Regulatory sequences RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism Seasons Transcription factors Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - metabolism Wings Wings, Animal |
Title | The ivory lncRNA regulates seasonal color patterns in buckeye butterflies |
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