Topical and systemic effects of medical ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis: Experimental research
Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown. This rod...
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Published in | Neurocirugía (Barcelona. Internet. English ed.) Vol. 36; no. 5; p. 500663 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier España, S.L.U
05.03.2025
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Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 2529-8496 2529-8496 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663 |
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Abstract | Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown.
This rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF.
No statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05).
In our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications.
La fibrosis epidural (FE) provoca adherencias en el espacio epidural, resultando en síntomas crónicos de dolor lumbar y en las piernas durante el período postoperatorio. Actualmente, el ozono se utiliza para el tratamiento de la hernia discal lumbar y el dolor lumbar. Sin embargo, su efecto sobre la fibrosis epidural es mayormente desconocido.
Este estudio en roedores examinó los efectos histopatológicos y bioquímicos de la terapia con ozono en la fibrosis epidural. Se incluyeron 47 ratas macho Sprague–Dawley, divididas en cuatro grupos de la siguiente manera: Grupo Control (n = 12): Se realizó laminectomía, sin aplicación de ninguna sustancia. Grupo Salino (n = 11): Las ratas fueron sometidas a lavado intraoperatorio con 50 mL de solución salina después de la laminectomía. Grupo de Ozono Local (n = 12): Las ratas fueron sometidas a lavado intraoperatorio con 50 mL de agua destilada ozonizada después de la laminectomía. Grupo de Ozono Sistémico (n = 12): Se administró ozono intraperitonealmente (0.7 mg/kg) durante 7 días consecutivos en el período postoperatorio.
Al final de 4 semanas, todos los sujetos fueron sacrificados. Los datos histopatológicos y bioquímicos obtenidos de los tejidos fueron analizados en términos de FE.
No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a FE, retracción de la médula espinal, inflamación y densidad de fibroblastos entre los grupos (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; y p = 0.226, respectivamente). Los niveles de hidroxiprolina fueron más altos en el grupo de ozono local en comparación con el grupo de ozono sistémico (p = 0.007); sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los otros grupos (p > 0.05).
En nuestro estudio, no pudimos registrar un efecto positivo de la terapia con ozono en términos de histopatología y bioquímica con las dosis y métodos de aplicación actuales. Consideramos que se debe ejercer precaución en la dosis y el método de aplicación del ozono en el enfoque clínico. Además, opinamos que se pueden obtener resultados estadísticamente significativos mediante la creación de un protocolo de tratamiento que incluya diferentes aplicaciones de dosis. |
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AbstractList | Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown.INTRODUCTIONEpidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown.This rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF.MATERIAL AND METHODSThis rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF.No statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05).RESULTSNo statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05).In our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications.CONCLUSIONSIn our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications. Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown. This rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF. No statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05). In our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications. Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown. This rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF. No statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05). In our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications. La fibrosis epidural (FE) provoca adherencias en el espacio epidural, resultando en síntomas crónicos de dolor lumbar y en las piernas durante el período postoperatorio. Actualmente, el ozono se utiliza para el tratamiento de la hernia discal lumbar y el dolor lumbar. Sin embargo, su efecto sobre la fibrosis epidural es mayormente desconocido. Este estudio en roedores examinó los efectos histopatológicos y bioquímicos de la terapia con ozono en la fibrosis epidural. Se incluyeron 47 ratas macho Sprague–Dawley, divididas en cuatro grupos de la siguiente manera: Grupo Control (n = 12): Se realizó laminectomía, sin aplicación de ninguna sustancia. Grupo Salino (n = 11): Las ratas fueron sometidas a lavado intraoperatorio con 50 mL de solución salina después de la laminectomía. Grupo de Ozono Local (n = 12): Las ratas fueron sometidas a lavado intraoperatorio con 50 mL de agua destilada ozonizada después de la laminectomía. Grupo de Ozono Sistémico (n = 12): Se administró ozono intraperitonealmente (0.7 mg/kg) durante 7 días consecutivos en el período postoperatorio. Al final de 4 semanas, todos los sujetos fueron sacrificados. Los datos histopatológicos y bioquímicos obtenidos de los tejidos fueron analizados en términos de FE. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a FE, retracción de la médula espinal, inflamación y densidad de fibroblastos entre los grupos (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; y p = 0.226, respectivamente). Los niveles de hidroxiprolina fueron más altos en el grupo de ozono local en comparación con el grupo de ozono sistémico (p = 0.007); sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los otros grupos (p > 0.05). En nuestro estudio, no pudimos registrar un efecto positivo de la terapia con ozono en términos de histopatología y bioquímica con las dosis y métodos de aplicación actuales. Consideramos que se debe ejercer precaución en la dosis y el método de aplicación del ozono en el enfoque clínico. Además, opinamos que se pueden obtener resultados estadísticamente significativos mediante la creación de un protocolo de tratamiento que incluya diferentes aplicaciones de dosis. |
ArticleNumber | 500663 |
Author | Balcin, Nur Kala, Tamer Ozsen, Mine Eser, Pinar Ocakoglu, Gokhan Dogan, Seref |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nur surname: Balcin fullname: Balcin, Nur email: dr.nurbalcin@gmail.com organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey – sequence: 2 givenname: Mine surname: Ozsen fullname: Ozsen, Mine organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bursa, Turkey – sequence: 3 givenname: Pinar surname: Eser fullname: Eser, Pinar organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey – sequence: 4 givenname: Tamer surname: Kala fullname: Kala, Tamer organization: Bursa Medicabil Hospital, Bursa, Turkey – sequence: 5 givenname: Gokhan surname: Ocakoglu fullname: Ocakoglu, Gokhan organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Bursa, Turkey – sequence: 6 givenname: Seref surname: Dogan fullname: Dogan, Seref organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey |
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DocumentTitleAlternate | Efectos tópicos y sistémicos de la terapia con ozono médico en la fibrosis epidural: investigación experimental |
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Keywords | Modelo en roedores O2 O3 Hydroxyproline HP mV Laminectomy L/min LC–MS/MS Rodent model Laminectomía SG Epidural fibrosis Ozono TGF-β UPS IC Hidroxiprolina EF CG LOG H&E g MT Ozone SOG μg/mL Adhesion MSR HCL Adherencias Fibrosis epidural |
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SubjectTerms | Adherencias Adhesion Epidural fibrosis Fibrosis epidural Hidroxiprolina Hydroxyproline Laminectomy Laminectomía Modelo en roedores Ozone Ozono Rodent model |
Title | Topical and systemic effects of medical ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis: Experimental research |
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