Topical and systemic effects of medical ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis: Experimental research

Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown. This rod...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inNeurocirugía (Barcelona. Internet. English ed.) Vol. 36; no. 5; p. 500663
Main Authors Balcin, Nur, Ozsen, Mine, Eser, Pinar, Kala, Tamer, Ocakoglu, Gokhan, Dogan, Seref
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 05.03.2025
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2529-8496
2529-8496
DOI10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown. This rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF. No statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05). In our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications. La fibrosis epidural (FE) provoca adherencias en el espacio epidural, resultando en síntomas crónicos de dolor lumbar y en las piernas durante el período postoperatorio. Actualmente, el ozono se utiliza para el tratamiento de la hernia discal lumbar y el dolor lumbar. Sin embargo, su efecto sobre la fibrosis epidural es mayormente desconocido. Este estudio en roedores examinó los efectos histopatológicos y bioquímicos de la terapia con ozono en la fibrosis epidural. Se incluyeron 47 ratas macho Sprague–Dawley, divididas en cuatro grupos de la siguiente manera: Grupo Control (n = 12): Se realizó laminectomía, sin aplicación de ninguna sustancia. Grupo Salino (n = 11): Las ratas fueron sometidas a lavado intraoperatorio con 50 mL de solución salina después de la laminectomía. Grupo de Ozono Local (n = 12): Las ratas fueron sometidas a lavado intraoperatorio con 50 mL de agua destilada ozonizada después de la laminectomía. Grupo de Ozono Sistémico (n = 12): Se administró ozono intraperitonealmente (0.7 mg/kg) durante 7 días consecutivos en el período postoperatorio. Al final de 4 semanas, todos los sujetos fueron sacrificados. Los datos histopatológicos y bioquímicos obtenidos de los tejidos fueron analizados en términos de FE. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a FE, retracción de la médula espinal, inflamación y densidad de fibroblastos entre los grupos (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; y p = 0.226, respectivamente). Los niveles de hidroxiprolina fueron más altos en el grupo de ozono local en comparación con el grupo de ozono sistémico (p = 0.007); sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los otros grupos (p > 0.05). En nuestro estudio, no pudimos registrar un efecto positivo de la terapia con ozono en términos de histopatología y bioquímica con las dosis y métodos de aplicación actuales. Consideramos que se debe ejercer precaución en la dosis y el método de aplicación del ozono en el enfoque clínico. Además, opinamos que se pueden obtener resultados estadísticamente significativos mediante la creación de un protocolo de tratamiento que incluya diferentes aplicaciones de dosis.
AbstractList Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown.INTRODUCTIONEpidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown.This rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF.MATERIAL AND METHODSThis rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF.No statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05).RESULTSNo statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05).In our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications.CONCLUSIONSIn our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications.
Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown. This rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF. No statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05). In our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications.
Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period. Currently, ozone is used for treating lumbar disk herniation and low back pain. However, its effect on epidural fibrosis is largely unknown. This rodent study examined the histopathological and biochemical effects of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis. Forty-seven male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups, as follows: Control Group (CG) (n = 12): Laminectomy was performed, and no substance was applied. Saline Group (SG) (n = 11): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL saline after laminectomy. Local Ozone Group (LOG) (n = 12): Rats underwent intraoperative washing with 50 mL ozonated distilled water after laminectomy. Systemic Ozone Group (SOG) (n = 12): Ozone was administered intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days postoperatively. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were sacrificed. Histopathological and biochemical data obtained from the tissues were analyzed in terms of EF. No statistically significant differences regarding EF, spinal cord retraction, inflammation, and fibroblast density were observed between the groups (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; and p = 0.226, respectively). Hydroxyproline levels were higher in LOG than in SOG (p = 0.007); however, no statistically significant differences were observed among other groups (p > 0.05). In our study, we could not record the positive effect of ozone therapy in terms of histopathology and biochemistry with the current doses and application methods. We think that caution should be exercised in the ozone dose and method of application in the clinical approach. In addition, we are of the opinion that statistically significant results can be obtained by creating a treatment protocol that includes different dose applications. La fibrosis epidural (FE) provoca adherencias en el espacio epidural, resultando en síntomas crónicos de dolor lumbar y en las piernas durante el período postoperatorio. Actualmente, el ozono se utiliza para el tratamiento de la hernia discal lumbar y el dolor lumbar. Sin embargo, su efecto sobre la fibrosis epidural es mayormente desconocido. Este estudio en roedores examinó los efectos histopatológicos y bioquímicos de la terapia con ozono en la fibrosis epidural. Se incluyeron 47 ratas macho Sprague–Dawley, divididas en cuatro grupos de la siguiente manera: Grupo Control (n = 12): Se realizó laminectomía, sin aplicación de ninguna sustancia. Grupo Salino (n = 11): Las ratas fueron sometidas a lavado intraoperatorio con 50 mL de solución salina después de la laminectomía. Grupo de Ozono Local (n = 12): Las ratas fueron sometidas a lavado intraoperatorio con 50 mL de agua destilada ozonizada después de la laminectomía. Grupo de Ozono Sistémico (n = 12): Se administró ozono intraperitonealmente (0.7 mg/kg) durante 7 días consecutivos en el período postoperatorio. Al final de 4 semanas, todos los sujetos fueron sacrificados. Los datos histopatológicos y bioquímicos obtenidos de los tejidos fueron analizados en términos de FE. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a FE, retracción de la médula espinal, inflamación y densidad de fibroblastos entre los grupos (p = 0.728; p = 0.813; p = 0.152; y p = 0.226, respectivamente). Los niveles de hidroxiprolina fueron más altos en el grupo de ozono local en comparación con el grupo de ozono sistémico (p = 0.007); sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los otros grupos (p > 0.05). En nuestro estudio, no pudimos registrar un efecto positivo de la terapia con ozono en términos de histopatología y bioquímica con las dosis y métodos de aplicación actuales. Consideramos que se debe ejercer precaución en la dosis y el método de aplicación del ozono en el enfoque clínico. Además, opinamos que se pueden obtener resultados estadísticamente significativos mediante la creación de un protocolo de tratamiento que incluya diferentes aplicaciones de dosis.
ArticleNumber 500663
Author Balcin, Nur
Kala, Tamer
Ozsen, Mine
Eser, Pinar
Ocakoglu, Gokhan
Dogan, Seref
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Nur
  surname: Balcin
  fullname: Balcin, Nur
  email: dr.nurbalcin@gmail.com
  organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mine
  surname: Ozsen
  fullname: Ozsen, Mine
  organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bursa, Turkey
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Pinar
  surname: Eser
  fullname: Eser, Pinar
  organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tamer
  surname: Kala
  fullname: Kala, Tamer
  organization: Bursa Medicabil Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Gokhan
  surname: Ocakoglu
  fullname: Ocakoglu, Gokhan
  organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Bursa, Turkey
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Seref
  surname: Dogan
  fullname: Dogan, Seref
  organization: Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40054618$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kU1LxDAQhoOs6PrxD0Ry9LJrkjZJ60GQZf0AwYueQ5pOMctuU5NWXH-9o1Xx5ClD5pnhfec9IJM2tEDICWdzzrg6X81bGJyHuWBCziVjSmU7ZCqkKGdFXqrJn3qfHKe0YowJrXRelntkP2dM5ooXU2IfQ-edXVPb1jRtUw8b7yg0Dbg-0dDQDdRf_fCOCmj_DNF2WxpaCp2vh4idxlcxJJ8u6PKtg-g30Pb4HSGBje75iOw2dp3g-Ps9JE_Xy8fF7ez-4eZucXU_c1yqYibL2qkG9UqmqkJYri1zRYGlVCAVr1FSVmjrMi1Eo3UlAWxV1cjUmgmXHZKzcW8Xw8sAqTcbnxys17aFMCSTcS2VLhnLET39RocK_ZkORdu4NT9nQSAfAYfOUoTmF-HMfAZgVmYMwHwGYMYAcOxyHAP0-eohmoRI6_CEEe9p6uD_X_ABCuuQUQ
Cites_doi 10.1055/s-0041-1731447
10.4184/asj.2016.10.3.407
10.1007/s00404-012-2435-y
10.3390/ijms20030634
10.1016/j.spinee.2021.11.017
10.1302/0301-620X.70B4.3403620
10.4184/asj.2016.10.6.1072
10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.02.009
10.1080/01919512.2012.717847
10.1016/j.injury.2010.12.017
10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198207
10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.048
10.1111/papr.12974
10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.161
10.1007/s00586-014-3438-0
10.3171/jns.2004.101.2.0295
10.1302/0301-620X.56B3.545
10.1097/01.bsd.0000203946.11546.d9
10.5606/tftrd.2019.2442
10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.11
10.1097/00007632-199106001-00009
10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a3c18d
10.4103/njcp.njcp_161_23
10.1055/s-0035-1571187
10.1155/2011/606718
10.1097/00007632-199503010-00011
10.1002/micr.1920130409
10.4103/0976-9668.82319
10.1002/bies.202000215
10.3171/2014.10.SPINE131147
10.1093/jbcr/irab110
10.1097/00007632-199503010-00010
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2025 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía
Copyright © 2025 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2025 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía
– notice: Copyright © 2025 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
DocumentTitleAlternate Efectos tópicos y sistémicos de la terapia con ozono médico en la fibrosis epidural: investigación experimental
EISSN 2529-8496
ExternalDocumentID 40054618
10_1016_j_neucie_2025_500663
S2529849625000152
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID --M
0R~
53G
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AATTM
AAXKI
AAXUO
ABJNI
ABMAC
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADCUG
AEBSH
AEIPS
AFJKZ
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AGUBO
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMRAJ
ANKPU
ANZVX
AXJTR
BKOJK
BNPGV
EBS
EFJIC
EJD
FDB
FIRID
FYGXN
KOM
O9-
ROL
SPCBC
SSH
SSZ
T5K
~G-
AAYWO
AAYXX
ACIEU
ACVFH
ADCNI
AEUPX
AFPUW
AGCQF
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKYEP
APXCP
CITATION
EFKBS
EFLBG
M41
NPM
7X8
AGRNS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c1568-59dc6f849506b82a17a0c88b8256e561dffe387ac3722f77b5eeabbdc88d702c3
IEDL.DBID AIKHN
ISSN 2529-8496
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 04:40:07 EDT 2025
Sat Mar 22 01:33:51 EDT 2025
Wed Sep 03 16:40:41 EDT 2025
Sat Mar 29 16:00:05 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Keywords Modelo en roedores
O2
O3
Hydroxyproline
HP
mV
Laminectomy
L/min
LC–MS/MS
Rodent model
Laminectomía
SG
Epidural fibrosis
Ozono
TGF-β
UPS
IC
Hidroxiprolina
EF
CG
LOG
H&E
g
MT
Ozone
SOG
μg/mL
Adhesion
MSR
HCL
Adherencias
Fibrosis epidural
Language English
License Copyright © 2025 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c1568-59dc6f849506b82a17a0c88b8256e561dffe387ac3722f77b5eeabbdc88d702c3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
PMID 40054618
PQID 3175679004
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_3175679004
pubmed_primary_40054618
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucie_2025_500663
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_neucie_2025_500663
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-Mar-05
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-03-05
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-Mar-05
  day: 05
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Spain
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Spain
PublicationTitle Neurocirugía (Barcelona. Internet. English ed.)
PublicationTitleAlternate Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Elsevier España, S.L.U
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier España, S.L.U
References Viebahn-Hänsler, León Fernández, Fahmy (bib0155) 2012; 34
Wan, Chen, Li, Yan, Sun, Wang (bib0185) 2019; 842
Isık, Taşkapılıoğlu, Atalay, Dogan (bib0045) 2015; 22
Topsakal, Akpolat, Erol, Ozveren, Akdemir, Kaplan (bib0110) 2004; 101
Ozmen, Thomas, Healy (bib0150) 1993; 59
Jayson (bib0020) 1992; 279
Shah, Mudigonda, Mitha, Salo, Krawetz (bib0040) 2021; 43
Dhamnaskar, Gobbur, Koranne, Vasa (bib0065) 2021; 7
Dinç, Tuncer, Türkoğlu (bib0145) 2019; 65
Gürkan, Sayin, Kizmazoglu, Erdogan, Yigitturk, Yilmaz (bib0170) 2020; 15
Temel, Ozturk, Temiz, Ersozlu, Aydinli (bib0035) 2006; 19
Karakaya, Akdur, Soy, Araz, Atilgan, Özer (bib0070) 2021; 42
Lawson, Malycky, Berry, Steffee (bib0010) 1991; 16
Di Mauro, Cantarella, Bernardini, Di Rosa, Barbagallo, Distefano (bib0105) 2019; 20
Arifin, Zahiruddin (bib0125) 2017; 24
Di Filippo, Capuano, Rinaldi, Luongo, Lettieri, Rossi (bib0090) 2011; 2011
Kotil (bib0140) 2016; 10
Dayanir, Dayanir, Emmez, Emmez, Akyol, Iseri (bib0180) 2023; 26
Taşkapılıoğlu, Işık, Doğan, Özgün, Ocakoğlu, Uğraş (bib0060) 2016; 10
Simsek, Sahinturk, Gul, Tepeoglu, Araz, Haberal (bib0175) 2023
Somay, Emon, Uslu, Orakdogen, Meric, Ince (bib0075) 2017; 105
Kocaman, Erginel, Onder, Soysal, Keskin, Celik (bib0085) 2016; 26
LaRocca, Macnab (bib0015) 1974; 56B
Urits, Schwartz, Brinkman, Foster, Miro, Berger (bib0025) 2020; 50
Touliatos, Soucacos, Beris (bib0135) 1992; 13
Li, Wang, Liu, Yin, Cui, Chen (bib0055) 2014; 23
Hinton, Warejcka, Mei, McLendon, Laurencin, Lucas (bib0120) 1995; 20
Cattel, Giordano, Bertiond, Lupia, Corcione, Scaldaferri (bib0100) 2021; 291
Paoloni, Di Sante, Cacchio, Apuzzo, Marotta, Razzano (bib0080) 2009; 34
Kelekis, Bonaldi, Cianfoni, Filippiadis, Scarone, Bernucci (bib0130) 2022; 22
Elvis, Ekta (bib0160) 2011; 2
He, Revel, Loty (bib0115) 1995; 20
Geudeke, Krediet, Bilecen, Huygen, Rijsdijk (bib0005) 2021; 21
Ozbay, Ital, Kucur, Akcılar, Deger, Aktas (bib0165) 2017; 83
Hoyland, Freemont, Denton, Thomas, McMillan, Jayson (bib0030) 1988; 70
Kasimcan, Bakar, Aktaş, Alhan, Yilmaz (bib0050) 2011; 42
Uysal, Demirbag, Poyrazoglu, Cayci, Yesildaglar, Guven (bib0095) 2012; 286
Cattel (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0100) 2021; 291
Geudeke (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0005) 2021; 21
Ozbay (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0165) 2017; 83
Isık (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0045) 2015; 22
Dayanir (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0180) 2023; 26
Arifin (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0125) 2017; 24
Kelekis (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0130) 2022; 22
Elvis (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0160) 2011; 2
Taşkapılıoğlu (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0060) 2016; 10
Li (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0055) 2014; 23
Ozmen (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0150) 1993; 59
Jayson (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0020) 1992; 279
Kasimcan (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0050) 2011; 42
Hoyland (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0030) 1988; 70
Temel (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0035) 2006; 19
Shah (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0040) 2021; 43
Kocaman (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0085) 2016; 26
Di Mauro (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0105) 2019; 20
Topsakal (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0110) 2004; 101
Touliatos (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0135) 1992; 13
Gürkan (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0170) 2020; 15
Paoloni (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0080) 2009; 34
He (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0115) 1995; 20
Lawson (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0010) 1991; 16
LaRocca (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0015) 1974; 56B
Uysal (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0095) 2012; 286
Kotil (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0140) 2016; 10
Dhamnaskar (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0065) 2021; 7
Di Filippo (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0090) 2011; 2011
Viebahn-Hänsler (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0155) 2012; 34
Wan (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0185) 2019; 842
Urits (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0025) 2020; 50
Karakaya (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0070) 2021; 42
Somay (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0075) 2017; 105
Simsek (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0175) 2023
Dinç (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0145) 2019; 65
Hinton (10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0120) 1995; 20
References_xml – volume: 279
  start-page: 40
  year: 1992
  end-page: 48
  ident: bib0020
  article-title: The role of vascular damage and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of nerve root damage
  publication-title: Clin Orthop Relat Res
– volume: 7
  start-page: 226
  year: 2021
  end-page: 236
  ident: bib0065
  article-title: Prospective comparative observational study of safety and efficacy of topical ozone gas therapy in healing of diabetic foot ulcers versus only conventional wound management
  publication-title: Surg J (N Y)
– volume: 83
  start-page: 168
  year: 2017
  end-page: 175
  ident: bib0165
  article-title: Effects of ozone therapy on facial nerve regeneration
  publication-title: Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
– volume: 22
  start-page: 94
  year: 2015
  end-page: 100
  ident: bib0045
  article-title: Effects of cross-linked high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid on epidural fibrosis: experimental study
  publication-title: J Neurosurg Spine
– volume: 20
  start-page: 564
  year: 1995
  end-page: 570
  ident: bib0120
  article-title: Inhibition of epidural scar formation after lumbar laminectomy in the rat
  publication-title: Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
– volume: 20
  start-page: 557
  year: 1995
  end-page: 563
  ident: bib0115
  article-title: A quantitative model of post-laminectomy scar formation effects of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
  publication-title: Spine
– volume: 50
  start-page: 74
  year: 2020
  end-page: 90
  ident: bib0025
  article-title: An evidence based review of epidurolysis for the management of epidural adhesions
  publication-title: Psychopharmacol Bull
– volume: 43
  start-page: 200
  year: 2021
  end-page: 215
  ident: bib0040
  article-title: Epidural fat mesenchymal stem cells: important microenvironmental regulators in health, disease, and regeneration: do EF-MSCs play a role in dural homeostasis/maintenance?
  publication-title: Bioessays
– volume: 101
  start-page: 295
  year: 2004
  end-page: 302
  ident: bib0110
  article-title: Seprafilm superior to Gore-Tex in the prevention of peridural fibrosis
  publication-title: J Neurosurg
– volume: 56B
  start-page: 545
  year: 1974
  end-page: 550
  ident: bib0015
  article-title: The laminectomy membrane. Studies in its evolution, characteristics, effects and prophylaxis in dogs
  publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br
– volume: 10
  start-page: 407
  year: 2016
  end-page: 413
  ident: bib0060
  article-title: Effects of systemic and local interferon beta-1a on epidural fibrosis
  publication-title: Asian Spine J
– volume: 24
  start-page: 101
  year: 2017
  end-page: 105
  ident: bib0125
  article-title: Sample size calculation in animal studies using resource equation approach
  publication-title: Malays J Med Sci
– volume: 59
  start-page: 297
  year: 1993
  end-page: 303
  ident: bib0150
  article-title: Irrigation of the abdominal cavity in the treatment of experimentally induced microbial peritonitis: efficacy of ozonated saline
  publication-title: Am Surg
– volume: 34
  start-page: 408
  year: 2012
  end-page: 424
  ident: bib0155
  article-title: Ozone in medicine: the low-dose ozone concept-guidelines and treatment strategies
  publication-title: Ozone Sci Eng
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1072
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1078
  ident: bib0140
  article-title: Closed Drainage versus Non-Drainage for Single-Level Lumbar Disc Surgery: relationship between Epidural Hematoma and Fibrosis
  publication-title: Asian Spine J
– volume: 13
  start-page: 192
  year: 1992
  end-page: 194
  ident: bib0135
  article-title: Post-discectomy perineural fibrosis: comparison of conventional versus microsurgical techniques
  publication-title: Microsurgery
– volume: 2
  start-page: 66
  year: 2011
  end-page: 70
  ident: bib0160
  article-title: Ozone therapy: a clinical review
  publication-title: J Nat Sci Biol Med
– volume: 291
  year: 2021
  ident: bib0100
  article-title: Ozone therapy in COVID-19: a narrative review
  publication-title: Virus Res
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1243
  year: 2021
  end-page: 1253
  ident: bib0070
  article-title: Effect of subcutaneous topical ozone therapy on second-degree burn wounds in rats: an experimental study
  publication-title: J Burn Care Res.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 133
  year: 2016
  end-page: 137
  ident: bib0085
  article-title: The role of ozone therapy in hepatic fibrosis due to biliary tract obstruction
  publication-title: Eur J Pediatr Surg
– volume: 20
  start-page: 634
  year: 2019
  ident: bib0105
  article-title: The biochemical and pharmacological properties of ozone: the smell of protection in acute and chronic diseases
  publication-title: Int J Mol Sci
– volume: 286
  start-page: 1201
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1207
  ident: bib0095
  article-title: Medical ozone therapy decreases postoperative uterine adhesion formation in rats
  publication-title: Arch Gynecol Obstet
– volume: 21
  start-page: 468
  year: 2021
  end-page: 481
  ident: bib0005
  article-title: Effectiveness of epiduroscopy for patients with failed back surgery syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Pain Pract
– start-page: 175.e296
  year: 2023
  end-page: 175.e302
  ident: bib0175
  article-title: Effect of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis in rats
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
– volume: 65
  start-page: 24
  year: 2019
  end-page: 29
  ident: bib0145
  article-title: Effect of topical rifamycin application on epidural fibrosis in rats
  publication-title: Turk J Phys Med Rehabil
– volume: 22
  start-page: 895
  year: 2022
  end-page: 909
  ident: bib0130
  article-title: Intradiscal oxygen-ozone chemonucleolysis versus microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation radiculopathy: a non-inferiority randomized control trial
  publication-title: Spine J
– volume: 16
  start-page: S222
  year: 1991
  end-page: S226
  ident: bib0010
  article-title: Lamina repair and replacement to control laminectomy membrane formation in dogs
  publication-title: Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
– volume: 842
  start-page: 197
  year: 2019
  end-page: 207
  ident: bib0185
  article-title: Artesunate inhibits fibroblasts proliferation and reduces surgery-induced epidural fibrosis via the autophagy-mediated p53/p21 waf1/cip1 pathway
  publication-title: Eur J Pharmacol
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1197
  year: 2023
  end-page: 1203
  ident: bib0180
  article-title: Medical ozone treatment on prevention of epidural fibrosis in the rat model
  publication-title: Niger J Clin Pract
– volume: 2011
  year: 2011
  ident: bib0090
  article-title: Intraperitoneal oxygen/ozone treatment decreases the formation of experimental postsurgical peritoneal adhesions and the levels/activity of the local ubiquitin-proteasome system
  publication-title: Mediators Inflamm
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  end-page: 9
  ident: bib0170
  article-title: Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of ozone in an experimental spine injury model
  publication-title: J Neurosurg Spine
– volume: 42
  start-page: 778
  year: 2011
  end-page: 781
  ident: bib0050
  article-title: Effectiveness of the biophysical barriers on the peridural fibrosis of a postlaminectomy rat model: an experimental research
  publication-title: Injury
– volume: 70
  start-page: 659
  year: 1988
  end-page: 662
  ident: bib0030
  article-title: Retained surgical swab debris in post-laminectomy arachnoiditis and peridural fibrosis
  publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br
– volume: 23
  start-page: 2423
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2431
  ident: bib0055
  article-title: The prevention effect of poly (L-glutamic acid)/chitosan on spinal epidural fibrosis and peridural adhesion in the post-laminectomy rabbit model
  publication-title: Eur Spine J
– volume: 19
  start-page: 270
  year: 2006
  end-page: 275
  ident: bib0035
  article-title: A new material for prevention of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy: oxidized regenerated cellulose (interceed), an absorbable barrier
  publication-title: J Spinal Disord Tech
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1337
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1344
  ident: bib0080
  article-title: Intramuscular oxygen-ozone therapy in the treatment of acute back pain with lumbar disc herniation: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of active and simulated lumbar paravertebral injection
  publication-title: Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
– volume: 105
  start-page: 702
  year: 2017
  end-page: 708
  ident: bib0075
  article-title: The histological efects of ozone therapy on sciatic nerve crush injury in rats
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
– volume: 7
  start-page: 226
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0065
  article-title: Prospective comparative observational study of safety and efficacy of topical ozone gas therapy in healing of diabetic foot ulcers versus only conventional wound management
  publication-title: Surg J (N Y)
  doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731447
– volume: 10
  start-page: 407
  issue: 3
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0060
  article-title: Effects of systemic and local interferon beta-1a on epidural fibrosis
  publication-title: Asian Spine J
  doi: 10.4184/asj.2016.10.3.407
– volume: 286
  start-page: 1201
  issue: 5
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0095
  article-title: Medical ozone therapy decreases postoperative uterine adhesion formation in rats
  publication-title: Arch Gynecol Obstet
  doi: 10.1007/s00404-012-2435-y
– volume: 20
  start-page: 634
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0105
  article-title: The biochemical and pharmacological properties of ozone: the smell of protection in acute and chronic diseases
  publication-title: Int J Mol Sci
  doi: 10.3390/ijms20030634
– volume: 22
  start-page: 895
  issue: 6
  year: 2022
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0130
  article-title: Intradiscal oxygen-ozone chemonucleolysis versus microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation radiculopathy: a non-inferiority randomized control trial
  publication-title: Spine J
  doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.11.017
– volume: 50
  start-page: 74
  issue: 4
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0025
  article-title: An evidence based review of epidurolysis for the management of epidural adhesions
  publication-title: Psychopharmacol Bull
– volume: 70
  start-page: 659
  issue: 4
  year: 1988
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0030
  article-title: Retained surgical swab debris in post-laminectomy arachnoiditis and peridural fibrosis
  publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br
  doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.70B4.3403620
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1072
  issue: 6
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0140
  article-title: Closed Drainage versus Non-Drainage for Single-Level Lumbar Disc Surgery: relationship between Epidural Hematoma and Fibrosis
  publication-title: Asian Spine J
  doi: 10.4184/asj.2016.10.6.1072
– volume: 83
  start-page: 168
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0165
  article-title: Effects of ozone therapy on facial nerve regeneration
  publication-title: Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
  doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.02.009
– volume: 34
  start-page: 408
  issue: 6
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0155
  article-title: Ozone in medicine: the low-dose ozone concept-guidelines and treatment strategies
  publication-title: Ozone Sci Eng
  doi: 10.1080/01919512.2012.717847
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0170
  article-title: Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of ozone in an experimental spine injury model
  publication-title: J Neurosurg Spine
– volume: 42
  start-page: 778
  issue: 8
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0050
  article-title: Effectiveness of the biophysical barriers on the peridural fibrosis of a postlaminectomy rat model: an experimental research
  publication-title: Injury
  doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.12.017
– volume: 291
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0100
  article-title: Ozone therapy in COVID-19: a narrative review
  publication-title: Virus Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198207
– volume: 842
  start-page: 197
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0185
  article-title: Artesunate inhibits fibroblasts proliferation and reduces surgery-induced epidural fibrosis via the autophagy-mediated p53/p21 waf1/cip1 pathway
  publication-title: Eur J Pharmacol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.048
– volume: 21
  start-page: 468
  issue: 4
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0005
  article-title: Effectiveness of epiduroscopy for patients with failed back surgery syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Pain Pract
  doi: 10.1111/papr.12974
– volume: 105
  start-page: 702
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0075
  article-title: The histological efects of ozone therapy on sciatic nerve crush injury in rats
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
  doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.161
– volume: 23
  start-page: 2423
  issue: 11
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0055
  article-title: The prevention effect of poly (L-glutamic acid)/chitosan on spinal epidural fibrosis and peridural adhesion in the post-laminectomy rabbit model
  publication-title: Eur Spine J
  doi: 10.1007/s00586-014-3438-0
– volume: 101
  start-page: 295
  issue: 2
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0110
  article-title: Seprafilm superior to Gore-Tex in the prevention of peridural fibrosis
  publication-title: J Neurosurg
  doi: 10.3171/jns.2004.101.2.0295
– volume: 56B
  start-page: 545
  issue: 3
  year: 1974
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0015
  article-title: The laminectomy membrane. Studies in its evolution, characteristics, effects and prophylaxis in dogs
  publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Br
  doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.56B3.545
– volume: 19
  start-page: 270
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0035
  article-title: A new material for prevention of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy: oxidized regenerated cellulose (interceed), an absorbable barrier
  publication-title: J Spinal Disord Tech
  doi: 10.1097/01.bsd.0000203946.11546.d9
– volume: 65
  start-page: 24
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0145
  article-title: Effect of topical rifamycin application on epidural fibrosis in rats
  publication-title: Turk J Phys Med Rehabil
  doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2019.2442
– volume: 24
  start-page: 101
  issue: 5
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0125
  article-title: Sample size calculation in animal studies using resource equation approach
  publication-title: Malays J Med Sci
  doi: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.11
– volume: 16
  start-page: S222
  issue: 6
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0010
  article-title: Lamina repair and replacement to control laminectomy membrane formation in dogs
  publication-title: Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
  doi: 10.1097/00007632-199106001-00009
– start-page: 175.e296
  year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0175
  article-title: Effect of ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis in rats
  publication-title: World Neurosurg
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1337
  issue: 13
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0080
  article-title: Intramuscular oxygen-ozone therapy in the treatment of acute back pain with lumbar disc herniation: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of active and simulated lumbar paravertebral injection
  publication-title: Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
  doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a3c18d
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1197
  issue: 8
  year: 2023
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0180
  article-title: Medical ozone treatment on prevention of epidural fibrosis in the rat model
  publication-title: Niger J Clin Pract
  doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_161_23
– volume: 26
  start-page: 133
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0085
  article-title: The role of ozone therapy in hepatic fibrosis due to biliary tract obstruction
  publication-title: Eur J Pediatr Surg
  doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1571187
– volume: 2011
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0090
  article-title: Intraperitoneal oxygen/ozone treatment decreases the formation of experimental postsurgical peritoneal adhesions and the levels/activity of the local ubiquitin-proteasome system
  publication-title: Mediators Inflamm
  doi: 10.1155/2011/606718
– volume: 20
  start-page: 564
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0120
  article-title: Inhibition of epidural scar formation after lumbar laminectomy in the rat
  publication-title: Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
  doi: 10.1097/00007632-199503010-00011
– volume: 279
  start-page: 40
  issue: 279
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0020
  article-title: The role of vascular damage and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of nerve root damage
  publication-title: Clin Orthop Relat Res
– volume: 13
  start-page: 192
  issue: 4
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0135
  article-title: Post-discectomy perineural fibrosis: comparison of conventional versus microsurgical techniques
  publication-title: Microsurgery
  doi: 10.1002/micr.1920130409
– volume: 2
  start-page: 66
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0160
  article-title: Ozone therapy: a clinical review
  publication-title: J Nat Sci Biol Med
  doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.82319
– volume: 43
  start-page: 200
  issue: 2
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0040
  article-title: Epidural fat mesenchymal stem cells: important microenvironmental regulators in health, disease, and regeneration: do EF-MSCs play a role in dural homeostasis/maintenance?
  publication-title: Bioessays
  doi: 10.1002/bies.202000215
– volume: 22
  start-page: 94
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0045
  article-title: Effects of cross-linked high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid on epidural fibrosis: experimental study
  publication-title: J Neurosurg Spine
  doi: 10.3171/2014.10.SPINE131147
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1243
  issue: 6
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0070
  article-title: Effect of subcutaneous topical ozone therapy on second-degree burn wounds in rats: an experimental study
  publication-title: J Burn Care Res.
  doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irab110
– volume: 59
  start-page: 297
  issue: 5
  year: 1993
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0150
  article-title: Irrigation of the abdominal cavity in the treatment of experimentally induced microbial peritonitis: efficacy of ozonated saline
  publication-title: Am Surg
– volume: 20
  start-page: 557
  issue: 5
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663_bib0115
  article-title: A quantitative model of post-laminectomy scar formation effects of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
  publication-title: Spine
  doi: 10.1097/00007632-199503010-00010
SSID ssj0002767499
Score 2.284833
Snippet Epidural fibrosis (EF) causes adhesions in the epidural distance, resulting in chronic low back and leg pain symptoms during the postoperative period....
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 500663
SubjectTerms Adherencias
Adhesion
Epidural fibrosis
Fibrosis epidural
Hidroxiprolina
Hydroxyproline
Laminectomy
Laminectomía
Modelo en roedores
Ozone
Ozono
Rodent model
Title Topical and systemic effects of medical ozone therapy on epidural fibrosis: Experimental research
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucie.2025.500663
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40054618
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3175679004
Volume 36
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NS8MwFA9ju3gRxa_5RQSvcW3aJK23MSZTYRc32C0kaYoVbIfbDvrX-9K0Qw9D8NaGpn39JXnvJXnvF4RuHUM4BzNAEi4yEpsgI5pFOYk02N5ARzEUuWiLKZ_M46cFW3TQqM2FcWGVje73Or3W1k3JoEFzsCyKwQtlNE3iFBz4OiEY9HCPRimHrt0bPj5PptulFuoIa-qTJF0V4uq0SXR1pFdpN_B-mCtSdsdqG7zLSO1yQmtj9HCA9hsvEg-9oIeoY8sjpGbV0kGOVZlhz9BcGNwEbOAqx-9-UwZXX1Vpsc-8-sRVie2yyBz9Bs5h8lytitU9Hv9g_scNI9DrMZo_jGejCWlOUCAG5mUJYWlmeA4_zAKuE6pCoQKTJHDJuAXPKQMRokQoEwlKcyE0s1ZpncEzmQioiU5QtwSRzhBOQ2N1oEJKbR47DncjjKImTHOtdRBHfURayOTSE2XINoLsTXqIpYNYeoj7SLS4yl8NLkGX_1Hzpm0GCWPBbXCo0lablXS-EBcpjPs-OvXts5Ulds4pD5Pzf3_3Au25uzoAjV2i7vpjY6_AI1nr66bHfQPD1d6d
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT4QwEG7M7kEvRuNrfdbEa10olII3YzSsq3txN9lb05YSMRGIu3vQX--UgtGDMfFGCoVhSme-oTNfEbqwDOERuAESRzwjofYyoliQk0CB7_VUEEKTzbaYROksvJ-z-Rq66WphbFpla_udTW-sddsybLU5rIti-EQZTeIwAQDfFASDHe5bdirWQ_3r0TidfP1qoZawptlJ0nYhtk9XRNdkepVmBfeHWJGyS9b44N-c1G8gtHFGd1tos0WR-NoJuo3WTLmD5LSqrcqxLDPsGJoLjduEDVzl-NUtyuDqoyoNdpVX77gqsamLzNJv4ByC52pRLK7w7Tfmf9wyAj3votnd7fQmJe0OCkRDXBYTlmQ6yuGFmRepmEqfS0_HMRyyyAByykCEIOZSB5zSnHPFjJFKZXBNxj2qgz3UK0GkA4QTXxvlSZ9Sk4eWw11zLan2k1wp5YXBAJFOZaJ2RBmiyyB7EU7FwqpYOBUPEO_0Kn4MuABb_kfP824YBMwFu8AhS1OtFsJioYgnMO8HaN-Nz5csoQWnkR8f_vu5Z2g9nT4-iIfRZHyENuyZJhmNHaPe8m1lTgCdLNVp-_V9AkmN4YM
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Topical+and+systemic+effects+of+medical+ozone+therapy+on+epidural+fibrosis%3A+Experimental+research&rft.jtitle=Neurocirug%C3%ADa+%28Barcelona.+Internet.+English+ed.%29&rft.au=Balcin%2C+Nur&rft.au=Ozsen%2C+Mine&rft.au=Eser%2C+Pinar&rft.au=Kala%2C+Tamer&rft.date=2025-03-05&rft.pub=Elsevier+Espa%C3%B1a%2C+S.L.U&rft.issn=2529-8496&rft.eissn=2529-8496&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neucie.2025.500663&rft.externalDocID=S2529849625000152
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2529-8496&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2529-8496&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2529-8496&client=summon