Efeito de bordas lineares na fenologia de espécies arbóreas zoocóricas em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica

A dispersão de diásporos é uma das fases cruciais do ciclo de vida vegetal e a dinâmica fenológica das espécies está entre os fatores reguladores do modo de dispersão e da atividade dos dispersores. Em paisagens sujeitas à fragmentação, a distribuição das síndromes de dispersão pode ser modificada d...

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Published inActa botânica brasilica Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 65 - 73
Main Authors Reznik, Gabriela, Pires, Jakeline Prata de Assis, Freitas, Leandro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.03.2012
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0102-3306
0102-3306
DOI10.1590/S0102-33062012000100008

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Abstract A dispersão de diásporos é uma das fases cruciais do ciclo de vida vegetal e a dinâmica fenológica das espécies está entre os fatores reguladores do modo de dispersão e da atividade dos dispersores. Em paisagens sujeitas à fragmentação, a distribuição das síndromes de dispersão pode ser modificada devido às mudanças na composição e estrutura da flora, causadas pelo efeito de bordas, que também podem provocar alterações na fenodinâmica das plantas. Neste estudo, as síndromes de dispersão (zoocoria, anemocoria e autocoria) de 162 espécies arbóreas foram identificadas e, para 57 dessas espécies, esta informação foi relacionada a diferentes medidas de fenologia de frutificação (índice de atividade, percentual de intensidade de Fournier e intensidade ponderada por área basal) em ambientes de bordas lineares e interior de mata. Em todos os ambientes houve predominância de espécies zoocóricas e, em geral, a distribuição das síndromes não diferiu entre os ambientes. Considerando os três ambientes conjuntamente, espécies zoocóricas e anemocóricas frutificaram ao longo de todos os meses, enquanto as autocóricas apresentaram meses sem frutificação. Quando os ambientes foram analisados separadamente, a fenodinâmica de frutificação das espécies zoocóricas (N = 44) diferiu entre os três ambientes. Os resultados indicam a existência de efeitos de borda na fenologia de frutificação das espécies dispersas por animais, apesar da ausência desses efeitos na distribuição das síndromes de dispersão. Isso sugere que a passagem de redes elétricas e gasodutos em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica pode afetar a dinâmica temporal de disponibilidade de frutos para frugívoros, com possíveis consequências para as interações planta-dispersor, mesmo quando não acarretam diminuição na oferta total de recursos para esses animais. The dispersal of seeds is one of the crucial phases of the life cycle of plants and plant phenology is among the factors that regulate the dispersal mode and activity of dispersers. In landscapes subject to fragmentation, the distribution of dispersal syndromes may be modified due to changes in flora composition and structure caused by edge effects, which may also change plant phenodynamics. In this study, the dispersal syndromes (zoochory, anemochory and autocory) of 162 tree species were identified and, for 57 of these species, this information was related to different measures of fruiting phenology (activity index, percentage of Fournier intensity and intensity weighted by basal area) in environments of linear edges and forest interior. In all environments there was a predominance of animal dispersed species and, in general, the distribution of syndromes did not differ among environments. Considering the three environments together, zoochorous and anemochorous species had continuous fruiting, while the autochorous fruiting pattern was intermittent. When the environments were analyzed separately, the fruiting phenodynamics of animal dispersed species (N = 44) differed among the three environments. The results indicate the existence of edge effects on fruiting phenology of species dispersed by animals, despite the absence of these effects in the distribution of dispersal syndromes. This suggests that the passage of electric transmission lines and gas pipelines in remnants of Atlantic Forest may affect the temporal dynamics of fruit availability for frugivores, with possible consequences for plant-seed disperser interactions, even when it does not lead to a decrease in the total supply of resources for these animals.
AbstractList A dispersão de diásporos é uma das fases cruciais do ciclo de vida vegetal e a dinâmica fenológica das espécies está entre os fatores reguladores do modo de dispersão e da atividade dos dispersores. Em paisagens sujeitas à fragmentação, a distribuição das síndromes de dispersão pode ser modificada devido às mudanças na composição e estrutura da flora, causadas pelo efeito de bordas, que também podem provocar alterações na fenodinâmica das plantas. Neste estudo, as síndromes de dispersão (zoocoria, anemocoria e autocoria) de 162 espécies arbóreas foram identificadas e, para 57 dessas espécies, esta informação foi relacionada a diferentes medidas de fenologia de frutificação (índice de atividade, percentual de intensidade de Fournier e intensidade ponderada por área basal) em ambientes de bordas lineares e interior de mata. Em todos os ambientes houve predominância de espécies zoocóricas e, em geral, a distribuição das síndromes não diferiu entre os ambientes. Considerando os três ambientes conjuntamente, espécies zoocóricas e anemocóricas frutificaram ao longo de todos os meses, enquanto as autocóricas apresentaram meses sem frutificação. Quando os ambientes foram analisados separadamente, a fenodinâmica de frutificação das espécies zoocóricas (N = 44) diferiu entre os três ambientes. Os resultados indicam a existência de efeitos de borda na fenologia de frutificação das espécies dispersas por animais, apesar da ausência desses efeitos na distribuição das síndromes de dispersão. Isso sugere que a passagem de redes elétricas e gasodutos em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica pode afetar a dinâmica temporal de disponibilidade de frutos para frugívoros, com possíveis consequências para as interações planta-dispersor, mesmo quando não acarretam diminuição na oferta total de recursos para esses animais. The dispersal of seeds is one of the crucial phases of the life cycle of plants and plant phenology is among the factors that regulate the dispersal mode and activity of dispersers. In landscapes subject to fragmentation, the distribution of dispersal syndromes may be modified due to changes in flora composition and structure caused by edge effects, which may also change plant phenodynamics. In this study, the dispersal syndromes (zoochory, anemochory and autocory) of 162 tree species were identified and, for 57 of these species, this information was related to different measures of fruiting phenology (activity index, percentage of Fournier intensity and intensity weighted by basal area) in environments of linear edges and forest interior. In all environments there was a predominance of animal dispersed species and, in general, the distribution of syndromes did not differ among environments. Considering the three environments together, zoochorous and anemochorous species had continuous fruiting, while the autochorous fruiting pattern was intermittent. When the environments were analyzed separately, the fruiting phenodynamics of animal dispersed species (N = 44) differed among the three environments. The results indicate the existence of edge effects on fruiting phenology of species dispersed by animals, despite the absence of these effects in the distribution of dispersal syndromes. This suggests that the passage of electric transmission lines and gas pipelines in remnants of Atlantic Forest may affect the temporal dynamics of fruit availability for frugivores, with possible consequences for plant-seed disperser interactions, even when it does not lead to a decrease in the total supply of resources for these animals.
Author Reznik, Gabriela
Freitas, Leandro
Pires, Jakeline Prata de Assis
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Snippet A dispersão de diásporos é uma das fases cruciais do ciclo de vida vegetal e a dinâmica fenológica das espécies está entre os fatores reguladores do modo de...
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StartPage 65
Title Efeito de bordas lineares na fenologia de espécies arbóreas zoocóricas em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica
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