Les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharienne

Contexte, problématique et objectifs : Les nombres restreints de diplômés sortant d’écoles de médecine peu nombreuses, et l’émigration des diplômés vers d’autres pays contribuent au faible nombre de médecins présents en Afrique subsaharienne. L’étude sur les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharien...

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Published inPédagogie médicale Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 69 - 85
Main Authors Mullan, Fitzhugh, Frehywot, Seble, Omaswa, Francis, Buch, Eric, Chen, Candice, Greysen, S Ryan, Wassermann, Travis, Abubakr, ElGaili Diaa Eldin, Awases, Magda, Boelen, Charles, Diomande, Mohenou Jean-Marie Isidore, Dovlo, Delanyo, Ferro, Josefo, Haileamlak, Abraham, Iputo, Jehu, Jacobs, Marian, Koumaré, Abdel Karim, Mipando, Mwapatsa, Monekosso, Gottleib Lobe, Olapade-Olaopa, Emiola Oluwabunmi, Rugarabamu, Paschalis, K Sewankambo, Nelson, Ross, Heather, Ayas, Huda, Chale, Selam Bedada, Cyprien, Soeurette, Cohen, Jordan, Haile-Mariam, Tenagne, Hamburger, Ellen, Jolley, Laura, C Kolars, Joseph, Kombe, Gilbert, Neusy, Andre-Jacques
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published Les Ulis EDP Sciences 01.05.2011
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Abstract Contexte, problématique et objectifs : Les nombres restreints de diplômés sortant d’écoles de médecine peu nombreuses, et l’émigration des diplômés vers d’autres pays contribuent au faible nombre de médecins présents en Afrique subsaharienne. L’étude sur les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharienne a examiné les défis, les innovations et les nouvelles tendances au regard de l’éducation en médecine dans la région. Méthodes : Nous avons retenu 168 écoles de médecine; parmi les 146 qui ont été soumises à l’enquête, 105 (72 %) ont répondu. Résultats : Les observations tirées de l’étude indiquaient que les pays mettaient en priorité l’éducation médicale dans le cadre du renforcement du secteur de la santé et nous avons constaté nombre d’innovations dans la préparation « pré-médicale », l’éducation en équipe et l’usage créatif du soutien limité en matière de recherche. L’étude a aussi attiré l’attention sur le problème généralisé d’un effectif insuffisant de professeurs capables d’enseigner les sciences fondamentales et cliniques, d’une infrastructure physique peu développée et du manque d’accréditation externe. Les tendances enregistrées incluent la croissance des écoles de médecine privées, l’éducation axée sur la communauté, les partenariats internationaux et l’effet positif de la recherche pour le développement des professeurs. Dix recommandations orientent l’initiative de renforcement de l’éducation en médecine en Afrique subsaharienne. Context, problematic and objectives: Small numbers of graduates from few medical schools, and emigration of graduates to other countries, contribute to low physician presence in sub-Saharan Africa. The Sub-Saharan African Medical School Study examined the challenges, innovations, and emerging trends in medical education in the region. Methods: We identified 168 medical schools; of the 146 surveyed, 105 (72%) responded. Results: Findings from the study showed that countries are prioritising medical education scale-up as part of health-system strengthening, and we identified many innovations in premedical preparation, team-based education, and creative use of scarce research support. The study also drew attention to ubiquitous faculty shortages in basic and clinical sciences, weak physical infrastructure, and little use of external accreditation. Patterns recorded include the growth of private medical schools, community-based education, and international partnerships, and the benefit of research for faculty development. Ten recommendations provide guidance for efforts to strengthen medical education in sub-Saharan Africa.
AbstractList Contexte, problématique et objectifs : Les nombres restreints de diplômés sortant d’écoles de médecine peu nombreuses, et l’émigration des diplômés vers d’autres pays contribuent au faible nombre de médecins présents en Afrique subsaharienne. L’étude sur les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharienne a examiné les défis, les innovations et les nouvelles tendances au regard de l’éducation en médecine dans la région. Méthodes : Nous avons retenu 168 écoles de médecine; parmi les 146 qui ont été soumises à l’enquête, 105 (72 %) ont répondu. Résultats : Les observations tirées de l’étude indiquaient que les pays mettaient en priorité l’éducation médicale dans le cadre du renforcement du secteur de la santé et nous avons constaté nombre d’innovations dans la préparation « pré-médicale », l’éducation en équipe et l’usage créatif du soutien limité en matière de recherche. L’étude a aussi attiré l’attention sur le problème généralisé d’un effectif insuffisant de professeurs capables d’enseigner les sciences fondamentales et cliniques, d’une infrastructure physique peu développée et du manque d’accréditation externe. Les tendances enregistrées incluent la croissance des écoles de médecine privées, l’éducation axée sur la communauté, les partenariats internationaux et l’effet positif de la recherche pour le développement des professeurs. Dix recommandations orientent l’initiative de renforcement de l’éducation en médecine en Afrique subsaharienne. Context, problematic and objectives: Small numbers of graduates from few medical schools, and emigration of graduates to other countries, contribute to low physician presence in sub-Saharan Africa. The Sub-Saharan African Medical School Study examined the challenges, innovations, and emerging trends in medical education in the region. Methods: We identified 168 medical schools; of the 146 surveyed, 105 (72%) responded. Results: Findings from the study showed that countries are prioritising medical education scale-up as part of health-system strengthening, and we identified many innovations in premedical preparation, team-based education, and creative use of scarce research support. The study also drew attention to ubiquitous faculty shortages in basic and clinical sciences, weak physical infrastructure, and little use of external accreditation. Patterns recorded include the growth of private medical schools, community-based education, and international partnerships, and the benefit of research for faculty development. Ten recommendations provide guidance for efforts to strengthen medical education in sub-Saharan Africa.
Author Mipando, Mwapatsa
K Sewankambo, Nelson
Boelen, Charles
Jacobs, Marian
Cyprien, Soeurette
Haileamlak, Abraham
Omaswa, Francis
Kombe, Gilbert
Ferro, Josefo
Iputo, Jehu
Cohen, Jordan
Wassermann, Travis
Chale, Selam Bedada
Jolley, Laura
Chen, Candice
Greysen, S Ryan
C Kolars, Joseph
Mullan, Fitzhugh
Neusy, Andre-Jacques
Koumaré, Abdel Karim
Frehywot, Seble
Olapade-Olaopa, Emiola Oluwabunmi
Ayas, Huda
Diomande, Mohenou Jean-Marie Isidore
Haile-Mariam, Tenagne
Abubakr, ElGaili Diaa Eldin
Dovlo, Delanyo
Hamburger, Ellen
Buch, Eric
Monekosso, Gottleib Lobe
Awases, Magda
Ross, Heather
Rugarabamu, Paschalis
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Issue 2
Keywords Médecine
Afrique subsaharienne
Milieu scolaire
Université
Enseignement
Santé publique
Faculté de médecine
Etudiant en médecine
Pédagogie
Sciences de la santé
facultés de médecine
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La version princeps de cet article a été publiée en anglais dans The Lancet (Mullan F, Frehywot S, Omaswa F, Buch E, Chen C, Greysen SR et al. Medical Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 2011;337:1113-21. Copyright Elsevier, 2011).
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SubjectTerms Acteurs de santé
Afrique subsaharienne
Divers
Enseignement. Déontologie. Ethique. Réglementation
facultés de médecine
medical schools
public health
Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail
santé publique
Santé publique. Hygiène
Sciences biologiques et medicales
Sciences medicales
Sub-saharian Africa
Title Les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharienne
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