Les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharienne
Contexte, problématique et objectifs : Les nombres restreints de diplômés sortant d’écoles de médecine peu nombreuses, et l’émigration des diplômés vers d’autres pays contribuent au faible nombre de médecins présents en Afrique subsaharienne. L’étude sur les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharien...
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Published in | Pédagogie médicale Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 69 - 85 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | French |
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Les Ulis
EDP Sciences
01.05.2011
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Abstract | Contexte, problématique et objectifs : Les nombres restreints de diplômés sortant d’écoles de médecine peu nombreuses, et l’émigration des diplômés vers d’autres pays contribuent au faible nombre de médecins présents en Afrique subsaharienne. L’étude sur les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharienne a examiné les défis, les innovations et les nouvelles tendances au regard de l’éducation en médecine dans la région. Méthodes : Nous avons retenu 168 écoles de médecine; parmi les 146 qui ont été soumises à l’enquête, 105 (72 %) ont répondu. Résultats : Les observations tirées de l’étude indiquaient que les pays mettaient en priorité l’éducation médicale dans le cadre du renforcement du secteur de la santé et nous avons constaté nombre d’innovations dans la préparation « pré-médicale », l’éducation en équipe et l’usage créatif du soutien limité en matière de recherche. L’étude a aussi attiré l’attention sur le problème généralisé d’un effectif insuffisant de professeurs capables d’enseigner les sciences fondamentales et cliniques, d’une infrastructure physique peu développée et du manque d’accréditation externe. Les tendances enregistrées incluent la croissance des écoles de médecine privées, l’éducation axée sur la communauté, les partenariats internationaux et l’effet positif de la recherche pour le développement des professeurs. Dix recommandations orientent l’initiative de renforcement de l’éducation en médecine en Afrique subsaharienne.
Context, problematic and objectives: Small numbers of graduates from few medical schools, and emigration of graduates to other countries, contribute to low physician presence in sub-Saharan Africa. The Sub-Saharan African Medical School Study examined the challenges, innovations, and emerging trends in medical education in the region. Methods: We identified 168 medical schools; of the 146 surveyed, 105 (72%) responded. Results: Findings from the study showed that countries are prioritising medical education scale-up as part of health-system strengthening, and we identified many innovations in premedical preparation, team-based education, and creative use of scarce research support. The study also drew attention to ubiquitous faculty shortages in basic and clinical sciences, weak physical infrastructure, and little use of external accreditation. Patterns recorded include the growth of private medical schools, community-based education, and international partnerships, and the benefit of research for faculty development. Ten recommendations provide guidance for efforts to strengthen medical education in sub-Saharan Africa. |
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AbstractList | Contexte, problématique et objectifs : Les nombres restreints de diplômés sortant d’écoles de médecine peu nombreuses, et l’émigration des diplômés vers d’autres pays contribuent au faible nombre de médecins présents en Afrique subsaharienne. L’étude sur les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharienne a examiné les défis, les innovations et les nouvelles tendances au regard de l’éducation en médecine dans la région. Méthodes : Nous avons retenu 168 écoles de médecine; parmi les 146 qui ont été soumises à l’enquête, 105 (72 %) ont répondu. Résultats : Les observations tirées de l’étude indiquaient que les pays mettaient en priorité l’éducation médicale dans le cadre du renforcement du secteur de la santé et nous avons constaté nombre d’innovations dans la préparation « pré-médicale », l’éducation en équipe et l’usage créatif du soutien limité en matière de recherche. L’étude a aussi attiré l’attention sur le problème généralisé d’un effectif insuffisant de professeurs capables d’enseigner les sciences fondamentales et cliniques, d’une infrastructure physique peu développée et du manque d’accréditation externe. Les tendances enregistrées incluent la croissance des écoles de médecine privées, l’éducation axée sur la communauté, les partenariats internationaux et l’effet positif de la recherche pour le développement des professeurs. Dix recommandations orientent l’initiative de renforcement de l’éducation en médecine en Afrique subsaharienne.
Context, problematic and objectives: Small numbers of graduates from few medical schools, and emigration of graduates to other countries, contribute to low physician presence in sub-Saharan Africa. The Sub-Saharan African Medical School Study examined the challenges, innovations, and emerging trends in medical education in the region. Methods: We identified 168 medical schools; of the 146 surveyed, 105 (72%) responded. Results: Findings from the study showed that countries are prioritising medical education scale-up as part of health-system strengthening, and we identified many innovations in premedical preparation, team-based education, and creative use of scarce research support. The study also drew attention to ubiquitous faculty shortages in basic and clinical sciences, weak physical infrastructure, and little use of external accreditation. Patterns recorded include the growth of private medical schools, community-based education, and international partnerships, and the benefit of research for faculty development. Ten recommendations provide guidance for efforts to strengthen medical education in sub-Saharan Africa. |
Author | Mipando, Mwapatsa K Sewankambo, Nelson Boelen, Charles Jacobs, Marian Cyprien, Soeurette Haileamlak, Abraham Omaswa, Francis Kombe, Gilbert Ferro, Josefo Iputo, Jehu Cohen, Jordan Wassermann, Travis Chale, Selam Bedada Jolley, Laura Chen, Candice Greysen, S Ryan C Kolars, Joseph Mullan, Fitzhugh Neusy, Andre-Jacques Koumaré, Abdel Karim Frehywot, Seble Olapade-Olaopa, Emiola Oluwabunmi Ayas, Huda Diomande, Mohenou Jean-Marie Isidore Haile-Mariam, Tenagne Abubakr, ElGaili Diaa Eldin Dovlo, Delanyo Hamburger, Ellen Buch, Eric Monekosso, Gottleib Lobe Awases, Magda Ross, Heather Rugarabamu, Paschalis |
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Keywords | Médecine Afrique subsaharienne Milieu scolaire Université Enseignement Santé publique Faculté de médecine Etudiant en médecine Pédagogie Sciences de la santé facultés de médecine |
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Notes | publisher-ID:pmed110036 istex:D4CB319E1E3CBA8CFE5492DBEF092596AE572650 ark:/67375/80W-2KS3QRW1-3 La version princeps de cet article a été publiée en anglais dans The Lancet (Mullan F, Frehywot S, Omaswa F, Buch E, Chen C, Greysen SR et al. Medical Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 2011;337:1113-21. Copyright Elsevier, 2011). |
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SubjectTerms | Acteurs de santé Afrique subsaharienne Divers Enseignement. Déontologie. Ethique. Réglementation facultés de médecine medical schools public health Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail santé publique Santé publique. Hygiène Sciences biologiques et medicales Sciences medicales Sub-saharian Africa |
Title | Les écoles de médecine en Afrique subsaharienne |
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