Embolização percutânea de fístulas coronárias – Experiência de um centro

Uma fístula coronária é uma conexão entre uma artéria coronária e uma cavidade cardíaca ou grande vaso. É um defeito raro e que geralmente ocorre de forma isolada. Apesar de a ecocardiografia bidimensional ter um papel importante no diagnóstico, a angiotomografia computorizada ou a angiografia coron...

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Published inRevista portuguesa de cardiologia Vol. 30; no. 12; pp. 891 - 896
Main Authors Silva, Margarida, Carvalho, Nuno, Teixeira, Ana, Nogueira, Graça, Menezes, Isabel, Ferreira, Rui, Maymone-Martins, Fernando, Anjos, Rui
Format Journal Article
LanguagePortuguese
Published Elsevier España 01.12.2011
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Abstract Uma fístula coronária é uma conexão entre uma artéria coronária e uma cavidade cardíaca ou grande vaso. É um defeito raro e que geralmente ocorre de forma isolada. Apesar de a ecocardiografia bidimensional ter um papel importante no diagnóstico, a angiotomografia computorizada ou a angiografia coronária são importantes para a delineação da anatomia. A cirurgia é o tratamento tradicional, mas o encerramento percutâneo é actualmente o método recomendado, com excelentes resultados e baixa morbilidade em grupos com experiência em embolização terapêutica. Descrevemos a experiência do nosso centro no tratamento percutâneo de 15 fístulas coronárias em 12 doentes entre 1996 e 2011. Oito (67%) eram do sexo masculino. A idade mediana foi de 25 anos. Os motivos de referência mais frequentes foram sopro e/ou cansaço. Todas as fístulas eram de origem congénita. Cinco doentes (42%) tinham patologia cardíaca concomitante: atrésia da pulmonar com septo interventricular intacto (1), canal arterial persistente (1), comunicação interauricular ostium secundum (1), estenose aórtica em válvula aórtica biscúspide (1), estenose pulmonar crítica operada no período neonatal (1). Três doentes tinham duas fístulas coronárias e nos restantes a lesão era única. As fístulas eram hemodinamicamente significativas, com origem no território da coronária direita (n = 10), da coronária esquerda (n = 3) e da circunflexa (n = 2) e drenavam para o ventrículo direito (n = 5), artéria pulmonar (n = 6), aurícula direita (n = 2), seio coronário (n = 1) e ventrículo esquerdo (n = 1). O material de embolização incluiu coils standard, coils de libertação controlada, microcoils (simples, GDC ou IDC) e um dispositivo Amplatzer ® Duct Occluder. A embolização da fístula foi obtida em todos os doentes. Não houve mortalidade. Ocorreu enfarte do ventrículo direito num doente com fístula de grandes dimensões e coronária direita de diâmetro muito reduzido distalmente à emergência da fístula. Em três casos ocorreram complicações minor: embolização inadvertida de coil, recuperado no mesmo procedimento (1), arritmia transitória (1) e pseudo-aneurisma femoral (1). Num seguimento médio de 4,9 anos (um mês a 14 anos) não se registaram intercorrências relacionadas com o procedimento. O controlo por ecocardiograma e/ou angiografia coronária mostrou que em dez doentes ocorreu oclusão eficaz e permanente das fístulas, enquanto que dois doentes mantiveram fluxo residual mínimo, por pequenos vasos acessórios, sem repercussão hemodinâmica. As embolizações terapêuticas representam uma forma eficaz de abordagem de fístulas coronárias seleccionadas. Estas anomalias têm características muito variáveis, pelo que é necessário dispor de um grande leque de dispositivos para seleccionar a opção mais eficaz. A coronary fistula is a connection between one of the coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber or great artery. It is a rare defect and usually occurs in isolation. Two-dimensional echocardiography has an important role in diagnosis but coronary or CT angiography is essential to delineate the anatomy. Surgery is the traditional therapeutic approach but percutaneous closure is now the recommended method, with excellent results and few complications in experienced centers. We describe our experience with percutaneous treatment of 15 coronary fistulas in 12 patients between 1996 and 2011. Eight (67%) were male and median age was 25 years. The most frequent symptoms were murmur and/or fatigue. All fistulas were congenital. Five patients (42%) had concomitant cardiac disease: pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (1), patent ductus arteriosus (1), ostium secundum atrial septal defect (1), stenotic bicuspid aortic valve (1), and critical pulmonary stenosis operated in the neonatal period (1). Three patients had two fistulas, while the others had a single lesion. All fistulas were hemodynamically significant. They originated in the territory of the right coronary (10), left coronary (3) and circumflex (2), draining into the right ventricle (5), pulmonary artery (6), right atrium (2) coronary sinus (1) and left ventricle (1). Embolization materials included standard coils, controlled-release coils, microcoils (standard, GDC or IDC) and an Amplatzer ® duct occluder. Embolization was achieved in all patients. There was no mortality. One patient with a large fistula and a very small right coronary artery distally to the origin of the fistula had a right ventricular infarction. In three patients there were minor complications: inadvertent coil embolization, recovered in the same procedure (1), transient arrhythmia (1) and femoral pseudo-aneurysm (1). In a mean follow-up of 4.9 years (one month to 14 years), there were no procedure-related complications. Echocardiographic and/or angiographic control showed complete and permanent occlusion in ten patients and minimal residual flow in two patients through small collaterals with no hemodynamic significance. Percutaneous embolization represents an effective form of treatment for selected coronary fistulas. A wide range of embolization devices must be available to ensure the best therapeutic approach.
AbstractList Uma fístula coronária é uma conexão entre uma artéria coronária e uma cavidade cardíaca ou grande vaso. É um defeito raro e que geralmente ocorre de forma isolada. Apesar de a ecocardiografia bidimensional ter um papel importante no diagnóstico, a angiotomografia computorizada ou a angiografia coronária são importantes para a delineação da anatomia. A cirurgia é o tratamento tradicional, mas o encerramento percutâneo é actualmente o método recomendado, com excelentes resultados e baixa morbilidade em grupos com experiência em embolização terapêutica. Descrevemos a experiência do nosso centro no tratamento percutâneo de 15 fístulas coronárias em 12 doentes entre 1996 e 2011. Oito (67%) eram do sexo masculino. A idade mediana foi de 25 anos. Os motivos de referência mais frequentes foram sopro e/ou cansaço. Todas as fístulas eram de origem congénita. Cinco doentes (42%) tinham patologia cardíaca concomitante: atrésia da pulmonar com septo interventricular intacto (1), canal arterial persistente (1), comunicação interauricular ostium secundum (1), estenose aórtica em válvula aórtica biscúspide (1), estenose pulmonar crítica operada no período neonatal (1). Três doentes tinham duas fístulas coronárias e nos restantes a lesão era única. As fístulas eram hemodinamicamente significativas, com origem no território da coronária direita (n = 10), da coronária esquerda (n = 3) e da circunflexa (n = 2) e drenavam para o ventrículo direito (n = 5), artéria pulmonar (n = 6), aurícula direita (n = 2), seio coronário (n = 1) e ventrículo esquerdo (n = 1). O material de embolização incluiu coils standard, coils de libertação controlada, microcoils (simples, GDC ou IDC) e um dispositivo Amplatzer ® Duct Occluder. A embolização da fístula foi obtida em todos os doentes. Não houve mortalidade. Ocorreu enfarte do ventrículo direito num doente com fístula de grandes dimensões e coronária direita de diâmetro muito reduzido distalmente à emergência da fístula. Em três casos ocorreram complicações minor: embolização inadvertida de coil, recuperado no mesmo procedimento (1), arritmia transitória (1) e pseudo-aneurisma femoral (1). Num seguimento médio de 4,9 anos (um mês a 14 anos) não se registaram intercorrências relacionadas com o procedimento. O controlo por ecocardiograma e/ou angiografia coronária mostrou que em dez doentes ocorreu oclusão eficaz e permanente das fístulas, enquanto que dois doentes mantiveram fluxo residual mínimo, por pequenos vasos acessórios, sem repercussão hemodinâmica. As embolizações terapêuticas representam uma forma eficaz de abordagem de fístulas coronárias seleccionadas. Estas anomalias têm características muito variáveis, pelo que é necessário dispor de um grande leque de dispositivos para seleccionar a opção mais eficaz. A coronary fistula is a connection between one of the coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber or great artery. It is a rare defect and usually occurs in isolation. Two-dimensional echocardiography has an important role in diagnosis but coronary or CT angiography is essential to delineate the anatomy. Surgery is the traditional therapeutic approach but percutaneous closure is now the recommended method, with excellent results and few complications in experienced centers. We describe our experience with percutaneous treatment of 15 coronary fistulas in 12 patients between 1996 and 2011. Eight (67%) were male and median age was 25 years. The most frequent symptoms were murmur and/or fatigue. All fistulas were congenital. Five patients (42%) had concomitant cardiac disease: pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (1), patent ductus arteriosus (1), ostium secundum atrial septal defect (1), stenotic bicuspid aortic valve (1), and critical pulmonary stenosis operated in the neonatal period (1). Three patients had two fistulas, while the others had a single lesion. All fistulas were hemodynamically significant. They originated in the territory of the right coronary (10), left coronary (3) and circumflex (2), draining into the right ventricle (5), pulmonary artery (6), right atrium (2) coronary sinus (1) and left ventricle (1). Embolization materials included standard coils, controlled-release coils, microcoils (standard, GDC or IDC) and an Amplatzer ® duct occluder. Embolization was achieved in all patients. There was no mortality. One patient with a large fistula and a very small right coronary artery distally to the origin of the fistula had a right ventricular infarction. In three patients there were minor complications: inadvertent coil embolization, recovered in the same procedure (1), transient arrhythmia (1) and femoral pseudo-aneurysm (1). In a mean follow-up of 4.9 years (one month to 14 years), there were no procedure-related complications. Echocardiographic and/or angiographic control showed complete and permanent occlusion in ten patients and minimal residual flow in two patients through small collaterals with no hemodynamic significance. Percutaneous embolization represents an effective form of treatment for selected coronary fistulas. A wide range of embolization devices must be available to ensure the best therapeutic approach.
Author Maymone-Martins, Fernando
Carvalho, Nuno
Nogueira, Graça
Anjos, Rui
Menezes, Isabel
Ferreira, Rui
Teixeira, Ana
Silva, Margarida
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Issue 12
Keywords Embolização
Embolization
Intervenção percutânea
Percutaneous intervention
Fístulas coronárias
Coronary fistulas
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Snippet Uma fístula coronária é uma conexão entre uma artéria coronária e uma cavidade cardíaca ou grande vaso. É um defeito raro e que geralmente ocorre de forma...
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SubjectTerms Coronary fistulas
Embolization
Embolização
Fístulas coronárias
Intervenção percutânea
Percutaneous intervention
Title Embolização percutânea de fístulas coronárias – Experiência de um centro
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2011.10.005
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