PROBABILITY OF ITZ PERCOLATION INFERRED BY SURFACE DENSITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POLYDISPERSE AGGREGATE PARTICLES IN CONCRETE
The surface area and the mean free distance of aggregate particles in concrete were evaluated using the grading curves obtained by the sieve test and the image analysis for the particles that appeared in the cross-section of concrete. The aggregate-cement paste proximity was evaluated by the shell v...
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| Published in | Cement Science and Concrete Technology Vol. 78; no. 1; pp. 203 - 211 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
| Published |
Japan Cement Association
31.03.2025
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0916-3182 2187-3313 |
| DOI | 10.14250/cement.78.203 |
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| Abstract | The surface area and the mean free distance of aggregate particles in concrete were evaluated using the grading curves obtained by the sieve test and the image analysis for the particles that appeared in the cross-section of concrete. The aggregate-cement paste proximity was evaluated by the shell volumes of cement paste near aggregate particles. The number of fine aggregate particles was dominant in the total number of aggregate particles so the surface density of aggregate was almost determined by the fine particles. Therefore, the volume of the interfacial transition zone greatly depends on the presence of the fine particles. The volume ratio of the interfacial zone around aggregate particles to the entire volume of the cement paste matrix is relatively small based on the product of the measured surface density of aggregate and the shell thickness which is comparable to the mean diameter of cement particles. The mean free distance of aggregate particles was much larger than the size of cement particles. This fact suggests that the percolation of the ITZ to cover the entire cement paste matrix is not a realistic phenomenon in concrete. Taking account of the dispersion of many fine particles of aggregate, their random distribution results in both the clusters and the dispersed areas with a few particles. Thus, porous regions such as the interfacial transition zone are present in not only the vicinity of aggregate peripheries but also the bulk cement paste. Therefore, inhomogeneous regions with greater porosity could be considered as the statistical events that depend on the spatial packing density of aggregate and cement particles in the cement paste matrix. It is not necessarily formed on the surface of aggregate particles uniformly. |
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| AbstractList | The surface area and the mean free distance of aggregate particles in concrete were evaluated using the grading curves obtained by the sieve test and the image analysis for the particles that appeared in the cross-section of concrete. The aggregate-cement paste proximity was evaluated by the shell volumes of cement paste near aggregate particles. The number of fine aggregate particles was dominant in the total number of aggregate particles so the surface density of aggregate was almost determined by the fine particles. Therefore, the volume of the interfacial transition zone greatly depends on the presence of the fine particles. The volume ratio of the interfacial zone around aggregate particles to the entire volume of the cement paste matrix is relatively small based on the product of the measured surface density of aggregate and the shell thickness which is comparable to the mean diameter of cement particles. The mean free distance of aggregate particles was much larger than the size of cement particles. This fact suggests that the percolation of the ITZ to cover the entire cement paste matrix is not a realistic phenomenon in concrete. Taking account of the dispersion of many fine particles of aggregate, their random distribution results in both the clusters and the dispersed areas with a few particles. Thus, porous regions such as the interfacial transition zone are present in not only the vicinity of aggregate peripheries but also the bulk cement paste. Therefore, inhomogeneous regions with greater porosity could be considered as the statistical events that depend on the spatial packing density of aggregate and cement particles in the cement paste matrix. It is not necessarily formed on the surface of aggregate particles uniformly. |
| Author | IGARASHI, Shin-ichi SAKANO, Kosuke |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.322 10.1007/BF02481541 10.1023/B:INTS.0000042339.92990.4c 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.09.005 10.1016/1065-7355(95)90037-3 10.1016/0008-8846(94)90079-5 10.14250/cement.77.240 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118559 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00996-1 |
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| References | 11) E. E. Underwood：Quantitative stereology, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company（1970） 13) R. D. Hooton：Improving performance and reducing the CO2 footprint of concrete using multiple approaches, 11th ACI/RILEM International Conference on Cementitious Materials and Alternative Binders for Sustainable Concrete, ACI SP-349-49, pp.696-710（2021） 3) D. N. Winslow et al.：Percolation and pore structure in mortars and concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.24, pp.25-37（1994） 12) K. Lyu et al.：Effect of fine aggregate size on the overlapping of interfacial transition zone（ITZ）in mortars, Construction and Building Materials, 248, 118559（2020） 14) 大山和哉ほか：気泡と高吸水性ポリマーの3次元粒度分布に基づく凍害保護範囲の比較、セメント・コンクリート論文集、Vol.77, pp.240-247（2023） 15) K. L. Scrivener, A. K. Crumbie and P. Laugesen：The interfacial transition zone（ITZ） between cement paste and aggregate in concrete, Interface Science, Vol.12, pp.411-421（2004） 8) E. J. Garboczi and D. P. Bentz：Percolation aspects of cement paste and concrete -- properties and durability, High performance concrete research to practice, ACI SP-189, pp.147-163（2000） 9) S. Diamond：Percolation due to overlapping ITZs in laboratory mortars? A microstructural evaluation, Cement and Concrete Research, 33, pp.949-955（2003） 6) K. Li et al.：A numerical investigation into the influence of the interfacial transition zone on the permeability of partially saturated cement paste between aggregate surfaces, Cement and Concrete Research, 102, pp.99-108（2017） 5) A. Neville：Neville on Concrete, An examination of issues in concrete practice, ACI（2003） 2) J. P. Olliver, J. C. Maso and B. Bourdette：Interfacial Transition Zon in Concrete, Advanced Cement Based Materials, Vol.2, No.2, pp.30-38（1995） 7) K. Kishore and R. Tomar：Understanding the role of interfacial zone in cement paste and concrete, Materials Today：Proceedings, Vol.80, pp.877-881（2023） 10) A. Bentur：2nd interfacial RILEM conference on the interfacial transition zone in cementitious composites, Materials and Structures, Vol.31, pp.575-576（1998） 4) L. O. Nilsson and J. P. Ollivier：Fundamentals of transport properties of cement-based materials and general methods to study transport properties, Engineering and Transport Properties of the Interfacial Transition Zone in Cementitious Composites,（eds. M. G. Alexander et. al）, RILEM Report 20, pp.113-148（1999） 1) S. Mindess and J. F. Young：Concrete, Prentice-Hall（1981） 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
| References_xml | – reference: 9) S. Diamond：Percolation due to overlapping ITZs in laboratory mortars? A microstructural evaluation, Cement and Concrete Research, 33, pp.949-955（2003） – reference: 15) K. L. Scrivener, A. K. Crumbie and P. Laugesen：The interfacial transition zone（ITZ） between cement paste and aggregate in concrete, Interface Science, Vol.12, pp.411-421（2004） – reference: 10) A. Bentur：2nd interfacial RILEM conference on the interfacial transition zone in cementitious composites, Materials and Structures, Vol.31, pp.575-576（1998） – reference: 2) J. P. Olliver, J. C. Maso and B. Bourdette：Interfacial Transition Zon in Concrete, Advanced Cement Based Materials, Vol.2, No.2, pp.30-38（1995） – reference: 6) K. Li et al.：A numerical investigation into the influence of the interfacial transition zone on the permeability of partially saturated cement paste between aggregate surfaces, Cement and Concrete Research, 102, pp.99-108（2017） – reference: 13) R. D. Hooton：Improving performance and reducing the CO2 footprint of concrete using multiple approaches, 11th ACI/RILEM International Conference on Cementitious Materials and Alternative Binders for Sustainable Concrete, ACI SP-349-49, pp.696-710（2021） – reference: 5) A. Neville：Neville on Concrete, An examination of issues in concrete practice, ACI（2003） – reference: 8) E. J. Garboczi and D. P. Bentz：Percolation aspects of cement paste and concrete -- properties and durability, High performance concrete research to practice, ACI SP-189, pp.147-163（2000） – reference: 14) 大山和哉ほか：気泡と高吸水性ポリマーの3次元粒度分布に基づく凍害保護範囲の比較、セメント・コンクリート論文集、Vol.77, pp.240-247（2023） – reference: 3) D. N. Winslow et al.：Percolation and pore structure in mortars and concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.24, pp.25-37（1994） – reference: 12) K. Lyu et al.：Effect of fine aggregate size on the overlapping of interfacial transition zone（ITZ）in mortars, Construction and Building Materials, 248, 118559（2020） – reference: 4) L. O. Nilsson and J. P. Ollivier：Fundamentals of transport properties of cement-based materials and general methods to study transport properties, Engineering and Transport Properties of the Interfacial Transition Zone in Cementitious Composites,（eds. M. G. Alexander et. al）, RILEM Report 20, pp.113-148（1999） – reference: 1) S. Mindess and J. F. Young：Concrete, Prentice-Hall（1981） – reference: 11) E. E. Underwood：Quantitative stereology, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company（1970） – reference: 7) K. Kishore and R. Tomar：Understanding the role of interfacial zone in cement paste and concrete, Materials Today：Proceedings, Vol.80, pp.877-881（2023） – ident: 7 doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.322 – ident: 5 – ident: 4 – ident: 10 doi: 10.1007/BF02481541 – ident: 15 doi: 10.1023/B:INTS.0000042339.92990.4c – ident: 1 – ident: 11 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.09.005 – ident: 2 doi: 10.1016/1065-7355(95)90037-3 – ident: 3 doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(94)90079-5 – ident: 13 – ident: 14 doi: 10.14250/cement.77.240 – ident: 8 – ident: 12 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118559 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00996-1 |
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| SubjectTerms | Aggregate particles Count base Interfacial transition zone Mass base Mean free distance Stereology Surface density |
| Title | PROBABILITY OF ITZ PERCOLATION INFERRED BY SURFACE DENSITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POLYDISPERSE AGGREGATE PARTICLES IN CONCRETE |
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