Chirurgie de l’épilepsie chez l’enfant

La chirurgie des épilepsies rebelles de l’enfant est une chirurgie fonctionnelle dont l’objectif est la suppression du foyer épileptogène. La décision chirurgicale est adoptée ou récusée au terme d’investigations cliniques et para-cliniques après discussion multidisciplinaire où le rapport bénéfices...

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Published inRevue neurologique Vol. 160; pp. 195 - 202
Main Authors Delalande, O., Fohlen, M., Bulteau, C., Jalin, C.
Format Journal Article Conference Proceeding
LanguageFrench
Published Paris Elsevier Masson SAS 01.06.2004
Masson
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Abstract La chirurgie des épilepsies rebelles de l’enfant est une chirurgie fonctionnelle dont l’objectif est la suppression du foyer épileptogène. La décision chirurgicale est adoptée ou récusée au terme d’investigations cliniques et para-cliniques après discussion multidisciplinaire où le rapport bénéfices- risques est soigneusement pesé. Les investigations préchirurgicales dominées par l’EEG-vidéo de scalp et l’IRM cérébrale ont pour objectif de localiser le foyer épileptogène. Les investigations chirurgicales invasives avec électrodes intra-cérébrales sont indiquées lorsqu’il est nécessaire de préciser les limites de la résection ou lorsque le foyer est proche des régions fonctionnelles sensitivo-motrices et du langage qui sont alors identifiées par stimulations électriques. Il existe deux méthodes d’exploration : l’implantation d’électrodes sous durales et profondes par crâniotomie et la SEEG, dont l’indication repose sur l’âge de l’enfant et la topographie du foyer. La chirurgie peut être palliative visant à diminuer l’intensité et/ou la fréquence de certaines crises (callosotomie, transsection sous piale) ou curative visant à supprimer le foyer épileptogène en procédant soit par ablation, soit par déconnexion. Une population de 148 enfants et nourrissons âgés de 3 mois à 10 ans ont été opérés entre 1993 et 2001. Chez le nourrisson, les dysplasies représentent la première cause d’épilepsie. Entre 3 et 10 ans, les étiologies sont multiples (lésions dysplasiques, tumeurs de l’épilepsie, encéphalite de Rasmussen, hamartome hypothalamique). Les résections focales lorsqu’elles sont extra-temporales nécessitent souvent l’appui d’explorations invasives et les hémisphérotomies sont fréquentes (44 p. 100). Les résultats montrent une disparition des crises dans 67 p. 100 des cas avec une morbidité acceptable dominée pas les shunts dans les suites d’hémisphérotomies sur lésions dysplasiques. Les résultats préliminaires concernant la qualité de vie et la socialisation incitent à intervenir le plus précocement possible. Surgery of drug resistant epilepsy in children is a functional surgery which aims at the suppression of the epileptogenic focus. The surgical decision is adopted or rejected as a result of the clinical examination and complementary investigations following a multidisciplinary discussion in which the benefit-risk ratio is being carefully weighed. The objective of the presurgical investigations, dominated by scalp-recorded Video-electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging, is the localization of the epileptogenic focus. The invasive surgical investigations with intracranial electrode placement are indicated when the limits of a planned resection have to be defined precisely or when the focus is located nearby a functionally eloquent region (sensori-motor and language region). Their identification is possible by means of electrical stimulation. Two methods of exploration are available: The combination of subdural and intracerebral electrode placement through craniotomy and the stereotactic placement of intracerebral depth electrodes (Stereo-EEG). The choice of either of these two methods depends on the child's age and on the topography of the epileptogenic focus. Surgery can be either palliative, with the purpose of reducing the intensity and/or the frequency of a certain seizure type (callosotomy, multiple subpial transsections) or curative, aiming at a suppression of the epileptognic focus through a resective or a disconnective surgical procedure. We have operated on a population of 148 children and infants between 3 months and 10 years of age during the years 1993 to 2001: In the infant group, dysplastic lesions represented the predominant etiology. In the age group of 3 to 10 years, the underlying pathology was more distributed (dysplastic lesions, epileptogenic tumors, Rasmussen's encephalitis, hypothalamic hamartomas). Extratemporal focal resections required, in the majority of cases, an invasive preoperative exploration and hemispherotomy was frequent in this group (44 p. 100). Sixty-seven percent of the children were seizure-free, with an acceptable morbidity rate, primarily due to shunt placement following hemispherotomy in children with dysplastic lesions. Our preliminary results concerning quality of life and socialization are encouraging and favor surgical treatment at an early stage.
AbstractList La chirurgie des épilepsies rebelles de l’enfant est une chirurgie fonctionnelle dont l’objectif est la suppression du foyer épileptogène. La décision chirurgicale est adoptée ou récusée au terme d’investigations cliniques et para-cliniques après discussion multidisciplinaire où le rapport bénéfices- risques est soigneusement pesé. Les investigations préchirurgicales dominées par l’EEG-vidéo de scalp et l’IRM cérébrale ont pour objectif de localiser le foyer épileptogène. Les investigations chirurgicales invasives avec électrodes intra-cérébrales sont indiquées lorsqu’il est nécessaire de préciser les limites de la résection ou lorsque le foyer est proche des régions fonctionnelles sensitivo-motrices et du langage qui sont alors identifiées par stimulations électriques. Il existe deux méthodes d’exploration : l’implantation d’électrodes sous durales et profondes par crâniotomie et la SEEG, dont l’indication repose sur l’âge de l’enfant et la topographie du foyer. La chirurgie peut être palliative visant à diminuer l’intensité et/ou la fréquence de certaines crises (callosotomie, transsection sous piale) ou curative visant à supprimer le foyer épileptogène en procédant soit par ablation, soit par déconnexion. Une population de 148 enfants et nourrissons âgés de 3 mois à 10 ans ont été opérés entre 1993 et 2001. Chez le nourrisson, les dysplasies représentent la première cause d’épilepsie. Entre 3 et 10 ans, les étiologies sont multiples (lésions dysplasiques, tumeurs de l’épilepsie, encéphalite de Rasmussen, hamartome hypothalamique). Les résections focales lorsqu’elles sont extra-temporales nécessitent souvent l’appui d’explorations invasives et les hémisphérotomies sont fréquentes (44 p. 100). Les résultats montrent une disparition des crises dans 67 p. 100 des cas avec une morbidité acceptable dominée pas les shunts dans les suites d’hémisphérotomies sur lésions dysplasiques. Les résultats préliminaires concernant la qualité de vie et la socialisation incitent à intervenir le plus précocement possible. Surgery of drug resistant epilepsy in children is a functional surgery which aims at the suppression of the epileptogenic focus. The surgical decision is adopted or rejected as a result of the clinical examination and complementary investigations following a multidisciplinary discussion in which the benefit-risk ratio is being carefully weighed. The objective of the presurgical investigations, dominated by scalp-recorded Video-electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging, is the localization of the epileptogenic focus. The invasive surgical investigations with intracranial electrode placement are indicated when the limits of a planned resection have to be defined precisely or when the focus is located nearby a functionally eloquent region (sensori-motor and language region). Their identification is possible by means of electrical stimulation. Two methods of exploration are available: The combination of subdural and intracerebral electrode placement through craniotomy and the stereotactic placement of intracerebral depth electrodes (Stereo-EEG). The choice of either of these two methods depends on the child's age and on the topography of the epileptogenic focus. Surgery can be either palliative, with the purpose of reducing the intensity and/or the frequency of a certain seizure type (callosotomy, multiple subpial transsections) or curative, aiming at a suppression of the epileptognic focus through a resective or a disconnective surgical procedure. We have operated on a population of 148 children and infants between 3 months and 10 years of age during the years 1993 to 2001: In the infant group, dysplastic lesions represented the predominant etiology. In the age group of 3 to 10 years, the underlying pathology was more distributed (dysplastic lesions, epileptogenic tumors, Rasmussen's encephalitis, hypothalamic hamartomas). Extratemporal focal resections required, in the majority of cases, an invasive preoperative exploration and hemispherotomy was frequent in this group (44 p. 100). Sixty-seven percent of the children were seizure-free, with an acceptable morbidity rate, primarily due to shunt placement following hemispherotomy in children with dysplastic lesions. Our preliminary results concerning quality of life and socialization are encouraging and favor surgical treatment at an early stage.
Author Fohlen, M.
Bulteau, C.
Jalin, C.
Delalande, O.
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Cites_doi 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb05540.x
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Keywords Dysplasia
Subdural grids
StéréoEEG
Épilepsie
Hamartome hypothalamique
Plaques sous-durales
Hypothalamic hamartoma
Hemispherotomy
Dysplasie
Surgery epilepsy
Enfant
Childhood
StereoEEG
Chirurgie
Hémispherotomie
Traitement
Homme
Epilepsie
Neurologie
Encéphale pathologie
Système nerveux pathologie
Système nerveux central pathologie
Conduite à tenir
Français
Conférence consensus
Language French
License CC BY 4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MeetingName Conférence de consensus organisée par la Fédération Française de Neurologie : Prise en charge des épilepsies partielles pharmaco-résistantes, Maison de l'Unesco, 3 et 4 mars 2004
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Snippet La chirurgie des épilepsies rebelles de l’enfant est une chirurgie fonctionnelle dont l’objectif est la suppression du foyer épileptogène. La décision...
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StartPage 195
SubjectTerms Childhood
Chirurgie
Dysplasia
Dysplasie
Enfant
Hamartome hypothalamique
Hemispherotomy
Hypothalamic hamartoma
Hémispherotomie
Neurologie
Plaques sous-durales
Sciences biologiques et medicales
Sciences medicales
StereoEEG
StéréoEEG
Subdural grids
Surgery epilepsy
Épilepsie
Title Chirurgie de l’épilepsie chez l’enfant
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0035-3787(04)71200-X
Volume 160
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