Endocardites de la maladie de Whipple : cinq observations et revue de la littérature

Propos. – Les lésions endocarditiques de la maladie de Whipple (endocardite infectieuse) sont exceptionnelles. Nous rapportons cinq observations issues de l'hôpital cardiovasculaire et pneumologique Louis-Pradel de Lyon. Méthode. – Nous avons colligé les endocardites infectieuses à Tropheryma w...

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Published inLa revue de medecine interne Vol. 26; no. 10; pp. 784 - 790
Main Authors Aïouaz, H., Célard, M., Puget, M., Vandenesch, F., Mercusot, A., Fenollar, F., Delahaye, F., Obadia, JF, Tebib, J., Rousset, H.
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published Paris Elsevier SAS 01.10.2005
Elsevier
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Abstract Propos. – Les lésions endocarditiques de la maladie de Whipple (endocardite infectieuse) sont exceptionnelles. Nous rapportons cinq observations issues de l'hôpital cardiovasculaire et pneumologique Louis-Pradel de Lyon. Méthode. – Nous avons colligé les endocardites infectieuses à Tropheryma whipplei diagnostiquées à l'hôpital Louis-Pradel entre 1995 et 2004. Résultats. – Il s'agissait de cinq hommes, de 53 ans d'âge moyen au moment du diagnostic. La présentation clinique était essentiellement cardiologique : souffle cardiaque constant, embole dans trois cas et insuffisance cardiaque sur insuffisance valvulaire dans trois cas. L'atteinte valvulaire, double dans trois cas, était le plus souvent aortique. Les végétations étaient constantes et les lésions valvulaires parfois majeures. La fièvre, présente dans quatre cas, était modérée (< 38,2 °C) et associée à un amaigrissement dans deux cas. Le seul signe extracardiaque était représenté par des arthralgies ou arthrites, constantes, rapportées antérieurement chez trois patients à une polyarthrite rhumatoïde séronégative, une spondylarthrite ankylosante HLA B27+, et un rhumatisme psoriasique. Aucune autre manifestation clinique de la maladie de Whipple, en particulier digestive, ganglionnaire, oculaire ou neurologique n'était notée, et les biopsies duodénales réalisées secondairement dans quatre cas étaient négatives. Cela diffère des données de la littérature où une localisation extracardiaque est prouvée dans 11 cas sur 17. Le diagnostic était porté sur l'examen histologique et bactériologique par PCR ARN 16S, universelle ou spécifique, réalisé sur les valves, tous les patients ayant été opérés. L'évolution a été favorable sous antibiothérapie prolongée. Conclusions. – Ces observations permettent de confirmer l'existence de formes essentiellement endocarditiques de la maladie de Whipple, où le seul signe extracardiaque existant est le tableau rhumatologique, et de rappeler l'intérêt de l'examen histologique et de la PCR des valves cardiaques lors d'une chirurgie valvulaire. Purpose. – Endocarditic lesions (infectious endocarditis) associated with Whipple's disease are exceptional. We report five cases from the cardiovascular and pneumologic hospital Louis Pradel in Lyon. Method. – We have collected all cases of Tropheryma whipplei endocarditis diagnosed between 1995 and 2004. Results. – Five men with a mean age of 53 years at time of diagnosis. The symptoms were essentially cardiovascular: murmur, embolism in 3 cases, and heart failure secondary to valvular insufficiency in 2 cases. The valvular involvement, double in 3 cases, was more often aortic. Vegetations were present in all patients and valvular destruction sometimes very important. A low grade fever was present in 4 cases, associated with weight loss in 2 cases. The only extra-cardiac symptoms were arthralgias or arthritis in all cases, considered in 3 patients as seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, B27+ spondylarthritis, and psoriasic arthritis. Their was no other clinical manifestations of Whipple's disease, particularly digestive, ocular, neurologic or adenopathy, and duodenal biopsies secondarily performed in 4 cases were non contributive. This differs from literature as an extra-cardiac location was identified in 11 out of 17 cases. The diagnosis was obtained by histology and PCR on the cardiac valves, as all the patients underwent surgery. The evolution was favourable with a prolonged antibiotic therapy. Conclusions. – These report confirms the existence of endocarditic forms of the Whipple's disease, in which the single extra-cardiac manifestation is rheumatologic, and reminds us the usefulness of histology and PCR on the cardiac valves at the time of valvular surgery.
AbstractList Propos. – Les lésions endocarditiques de la maladie de Whipple (endocardite infectieuse) sont exceptionnelles. Nous rapportons cinq observations issues de l'hôpital cardiovasculaire et pneumologique Louis-Pradel de Lyon. Méthode. – Nous avons colligé les endocardites infectieuses à Tropheryma whipplei diagnostiquées à l'hôpital Louis-Pradel entre 1995 et 2004. Résultats. – Il s'agissait de cinq hommes, de 53 ans d'âge moyen au moment du diagnostic. La présentation clinique était essentiellement cardiologique : souffle cardiaque constant, embole dans trois cas et insuffisance cardiaque sur insuffisance valvulaire dans trois cas. L'atteinte valvulaire, double dans trois cas, était le plus souvent aortique. Les végétations étaient constantes et les lésions valvulaires parfois majeures. La fièvre, présente dans quatre cas, était modérée (< 38,2 °C) et associée à un amaigrissement dans deux cas. Le seul signe extracardiaque était représenté par des arthralgies ou arthrites, constantes, rapportées antérieurement chez trois patients à une polyarthrite rhumatoïde séronégative, une spondylarthrite ankylosante HLA B27+, et un rhumatisme psoriasique. Aucune autre manifestation clinique de la maladie de Whipple, en particulier digestive, ganglionnaire, oculaire ou neurologique n'était notée, et les biopsies duodénales réalisées secondairement dans quatre cas étaient négatives. Cela diffère des données de la littérature où une localisation extracardiaque est prouvée dans 11 cas sur 17. Le diagnostic était porté sur l'examen histologique et bactériologique par PCR ARN 16S, universelle ou spécifique, réalisé sur les valves, tous les patients ayant été opérés. L'évolution a été favorable sous antibiothérapie prolongée. Conclusions. – Ces observations permettent de confirmer l'existence de formes essentiellement endocarditiques de la maladie de Whipple, où le seul signe extracardiaque existant est le tableau rhumatologique, et de rappeler l'intérêt de l'examen histologique et de la PCR des valves cardiaques lors d'une chirurgie valvulaire. Purpose. – Endocarditic lesions (infectious endocarditis) associated with Whipple's disease are exceptional. We report five cases from the cardiovascular and pneumologic hospital Louis Pradel in Lyon. Method. – We have collected all cases of Tropheryma whipplei endocarditis diagnosed between 1995 and 2004. Results. – Five men with a mean age of 53 years at time of diagnosis. The symptoms were essentially cardiovascular: murmur, embolism in 3 cases, and heart failure secondary to valvular insufficiency in 2 cases. The valvular involvement, double in 3 cases, was more often aortic. Vegetations were present in all patients and valvular destruction sometimes very important. A low grade fever was present in 4 cases, associated with weight loss in 2 cases. The only extra-cardiac symptoms were arthralgias or arthritis in all cases, considered in 3 patients as seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, B27+ spondylarthritis, and psoriasic arthritis. Their was no other clinical manifestations of Whipple's disease, particularly digestive, ocular, neurologic or adenopathy, and duodenal biopsies secondarily performed in 4 cases were non contributive. This differs from literature as an extra-cardiac location was identified in 11 out of 17 cases. The diagnosis was obtained by histology and PCR on the cardiac valves, as all the patients underwent surgery. The evolution was favourable with a prolonged antibiotic therapy. Conclusions. – These report confirms the existence of endocarditic forms of the Whipple's disease, in which the single extra-cardiac manifestation is rheumatologic, and reminds us the usefulness of histology and PCR on the cardiac valves at the time of valvular surgery.
Author Aïouaz, H.
Fenollar, F.
Rousset, H.
Mercusot, A.
Tebib, J.
Puget, M.
Célard, M.
Obadia, JF
Vandenesch, F.
Delahaye, F.
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Issue 10
Keywords Maladie de Whipple
Arthralgies
Arthritis
Endocardite infectieuse
Tropheryma whipplei
Infectious endocarditis
PCR
Whipple's disease
Endocardite
Appareil digestif pathologie
Bactériose
Endocarde pathologie
Appareil circulatoire pathologie
Cardiopathie
Intestin pathologie
Arthralgie
Etude cas
Infection
Lipodystrophie intestinale
Médecine
Malabsorption intestinale
Cellulomonadaceae
Observation
Actinomycetes
Revue bibliographique
Système ostéoarticulaire pathologie
Bactérie
Language French
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Snippet Propos. – Les lésions endocarditiques de la maladie de Whipple (endocardite infectieuse) sont exceptionnelles. Nous rapportons cinq observations issues de...
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SubjectTerms Arthralgies
Arthritis
Cardiologie. Appareil circulatoire
Coeur
Endocardite infectieuse
Generalites
Infectious endocarditis
Maladie de Whipple
Maladies de l'endocarde et de l'appareil valvulaire
PCR
Sciences biologiques et medicales
Sciences medicales
Tropheryma whipplei
Whipple's disease
Title Endocardites de la maladie de Whipple : cinq observations et revue de la littérature
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2005.07.012
Volume 26
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