Les antiépileptiques dans le traitement préventif de la migraine de l’enfant
La migraine, selon les critères diagnostiques de l’International Headache Society, concerne 5 à 10 % des enfants. Un traitement préventif médicamenteux est proposé chez un peu moins de 30 % des enfants et adolescents migraineux vus en clinique spécialisée. Son indication tient compte de la sévérité...
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Published in | Revue neurologique Vol. 165; no. 12; pp. 1002 - 1009 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | French |
Published |
Paris
Elsevier Masson SAS
01.12.2009
Masson |
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Abstract | La migraine, selon les critères diagnostiques de l’International Headache Society, concerne 5 à 10 % des enfants. Un traitement préventif médicamenteux est proposé chez un peu moins de 30 % des enfants et adolescents migraineux vus en clinique spécialisée. Son indication tient compte de la sévérité et de la fréquence des accès migraineux, ainsi que de l’efficacité et de la tolérance des traitements de l’accès. De nombreuses études ont concerné l’emploi des antiépileptiques dans cette indication, mais peu ont été contrôlées contre-placebo. Seul le topiramate (TPM) a montré son efficacité dans au moins une étude contrôlée contre-placebo. Le valproate de sodium (VPA) n’a pas fait la preuve de son efficacité. Des études non contrôlées et/ou de faible effectif suggèrent l’efficacité possible de la gabapentine (GBP), du lévétiracétam (LVT), et du zonisamide (ZNS) dans le traitement préventif de la migraine de l’enfant, et celle du TPM, du phénobarbital et du midazolam dans les syndromes périodiques de l’enfance. Les antiépileptiques utilisés dans le traitement préventif de la migraine pédiatrique sont en général bien tolérés. Les effets secondaires les plus fréquents sont l’asthénie et la somnolence. La décision de prescrire un antiépileptique en traitement préventif de la migraine chez l’enfant doit être individualisée en tenant compte des comorbidités, de la compliance et des préférences du patient et de ses parents.
Migraine, according to the criteria of the International Headache Society, occurs in about 5 to 10% of children and adolescents. Pediatric migraine can cause a significant impact on quality of life. As stated by the American Academy of Neurology and Child Neurology Society's migraine guidelines, situations for prophylaxis consideration include recurring migraines that significantly interfere with daily activities, despite acute therapy; frequent headaches; contraindication, overuse, or failure of acute therapy; adverse reactions to acute therapy; cost of acute and preventive therapies; patient preferences; and presence of uncommon migraine conditions. Preventive therapy may be warranted in as many as 30% of young patients with migraine seen in tertiary headache centers. Headache related disability can be measured by scoring systems such as the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale. Numerous medications have been studied to prevent migraines in children, including antihistamines, antidepressants, and antihypertensive agents. However, few high quality clinical trials actually demonstrate efficacy in this population. Recently, many studies dealt with the use of antiepileptic drugs in this indication but there is a paucity of placebo controlled studies. Both topiramate (TPM) and divalproex sodium have been studied in a randomized-controlled study. Only TPM showed efficacy, though, clearly, further controlled trials are needed to confirm these data. Besides unproven efficacy, adverse effects of valproic acid, such as weight gain, somnolence, and alopecia may limit its use. Additional studies are warranted before recommending levetiracetam (LVT), zonisamide (ZNS) and gabapentin (GBP) agents for migraine prophylaxis in children and adolescents. |
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AbstractList | La migraine, selon les critères diagnostiques de l’International Headache Society, concerne 5 à 10 % des enfants. Un traitement préventif médicamenteux est proposé chez un peu moins de 30 % des enfants et adolescents migraineux vus en clinique spécialisée. Son indication tient compte de la sévérité et de la fréquence des accès migraineux, ainsi que de l’efficacité et de la tolérance des traitements de l’accès. De nombreuses études ont concerné l’emploi des antiépileptiques dans cette indication, mais peu ont été contrôlées contre-placebo. Seul le topiramate (TPM) a montré son efficacité dans au moins une étude contrôlée contre-placebo. Le valproate de sodium (VPA) n’a pas fait la preuve de son efficacité. Des études non contrôlées et/ou de faible effectif suggèrent l’efficacité possible de la gabapentine (GBP), du lévétiracétam (LVT), et du zonisamide (ZNS) dans le traitement préventif de la migraine de l’enfant, et celle du TPM, du phénobarbital et du midazolam dans les syndromes périodiques de l’enfance. Les antiépileptiques utilisés dans le traitement préventif de la migraine pédiatrique sont en général bien tolérés. Les effets secondaires les plus fréquents sont l’asthénie et la somnolence. La décision de prescrire un antiépileptique en traitement préventif de la migraine chez l’enfant doit être individualisée en tenant compte des comorbidités, de la compliance et des préférences du patient et de ses parents.
Migraine, according to the criteria of the International Headache Society, occurs in about 5 to 10% of children and adolescents. Pediatric migraine can cause a significant impact on quality of life. As stated by the American Academy of Neurology and Child Neurology Society's migraine guidelines, situations for prophylaxis consideration include recurring migraines that significantly interfere with daily activities, despite acute therapy; frequent headaches; contraindication, overuse, or failure of acute therapy; adverse reactions to acute therapy; cost of acute and preventive therapies; patient preferences; and presence of uncommon migraine conditions. Preventive therapy may be warranted in as many as 30% of young patients with migraine seen in tertiary headache centers. Headache related disability can be measured by scoring systems such as the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale. Numerous medications have been studied to prevent migraines in children, including antihistamines, antidepressants, and antihypertensive agents. However, few high quality clinical trials actually demonstrate efficacy in this population. Recently, many studies dealt with the use of antiepileptic drugs in this indication but there is a paucity of placebo controlled studies. Both topiramate (TPM) and divalproex sodium have been studied in a randomized-controlled study. Only TPM showed efficacy, though, clearly, further controlled trials are needed to confirm these data. Besides unproven efficacy, adverse effects of valproic acid, such as weight gain, somnolence, and alopecia may limit its use. Additional studies are warranted before recommending levetiracetam (LVT), zonisamide (ZNS) and gabapentin (GBP) agents for migraine prophylaxis in children and adolescents. |
Author | Cuvellier, J.-C. |
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Cites_doi | 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2002.02185.x 10.1097/00005176-199707000-00010 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2005.01369.x 10.1016/j.ejpn.2005.05.004 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00455.x 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.06.014 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1993.hed3301029.x 10.1212/01.WNL.0000147332.41993.90 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00413.x 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1702093.x 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2002.02186.x 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00262.x 10.1136/bmj.309.6957.765 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.00867.x 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01081.x 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2003.03102.x 10.1177/088307380101601005 10.1177/0883073807304201 10.1542/peds.112.1.e1 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.040008672.x 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04053.x 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01196.x 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1988.0801001.x 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00610.x 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.00728.x 10.1177/03331024850050S227 10.1016/j.ejpn.2004.11.002 10.1001/jama.291.8.965 10.1212/WNL.57.11.2034 10.1001/archneur.61.4.490 |
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Keywords | Traitement Migraine Enfant Adolescent Médicaments antiépileptiques Drug therapy Antiepileptic drugs Child Pédiatrie Pathologie de l'appareil circulatoire Pathologie de l'encéphale Pathologie du système nerveux Pathologie des vaisseaux sanguins Pathologie du système nerveux central Pathologie cérébrovasculaire Homme Douleur Prévention Anticonvulsivant |
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Snippet | La migraine, selon les critères diagnostiques de l’International Headache Society, concerne 5 à 10 % des enfants. Un traitement préventif médicamenteux est... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Anticonvulsivants. Antiépileptiques. Antiparkinsoniens Antiepileptic drugs Child Drug therapy Enfant Migraine Médicaments antiépileptiques Neurologie Neuropharmacologie Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux Sciences biologiques et medicales Sciences medicales Traitement |
Title | Les antiépileptiques dans le traitement préventif de la migraine de l’enfant |
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