Adhesion and Growth of Bacillus cereus on Cotton Towels after Forearm Wiping
Purpose: The use of with Bacillus cereus (B. cereus)-contaminated towels for bed baths can cause bloodstream infections in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to assess the extent of B. cereus adhesion and growth on towels wiped on forearms.Methods: We recruited 50 healthy subjects aged 20–...
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| Published in | Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science Vol. 43; pp. 270 - 279 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
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Japan Academy of Nursing Science
2023
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| Abstract | Purpose: The use of with Bacillus cereus (B. cereus)-contaminated towels for bed baths can cause bloodstream infections in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to assess the extent of B. cereus adhesion and growth on towels wiped on forearms.Methods: We recruited 50 healthy subjects aged 20–68 years between August and October 2021. Both forearms of each participant were wiped with clean warm towels. The number of B. cereus colonies were immediately determined after wiping for the right-arm towels and after storing the towels at room temperature (24–26°C) for 24 hours, for the left-arm towels. The relationship between the number of B. cereus colonies and attributes was analyzed.Results: Seven (14.0%) and 37 towels (74.0%) were found to contain B. cereus immediately after wiping and following 24-hour storage, respectively. On average, the B. cereus count was 6,000 times higher after 24-hour storage than immediately after wiping. Individuals who applied moisturizer had a higher number of B. cereus colonies on towels immediately after wiping compared to those who did not (p < 0.05). In towels stored for 24 hours after wiping, individuals who had not undergone arm hair removal had a higher number of B. cereus colonies compared to those who had (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Despite individual differences, B. cereus can adhere to human forearms. Storage of towels at room temperature after wiping leads to bacterial growth and increased possibility of B. cereus spore formation; therefore, suppression of bacterial growth on used towels is necessary. |
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| AbstractList | Purpose: The use of with Bacillus cereus (B. cereus)-contaminated towels for bed baths can cause bloodstream infections in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to assess the extent of B. cereus adhesion and growth on towels wiped on forearms.Methods: We recruited 50 healthy subjects aged 20–68 years between August and October 2021. Both forearms of each participant were wiped with clean warm towels. The number of B. cereus colonies were immediately determined after wiping for the right-arm towels and after storing the towels at room temperature (24–26°C) for 24 hours, for the left-arm towels. The relationship between the number of B. cereus colonies and attributes was analyzed.Results: Seven (14.0%) and 37 towels (74.0%) were found to contain B. cereus immediately after wiping and following 24-hour storage, respectively. On average, the B. cereus count was 6,000 times higher after 24-hour storage than immediately after wiping. Individuals who applied moisturizer had a higher number of B. cereus colonies on towels immediately after wiping compared to those who did not (p < 0.05). In towels stored for 24 hours after wiping, individuals who had not undergone arm hair removal had a higher number of B. cereus colonies compared to those who had (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Despite individual differences, B. cereus can adhere to human forearms. Storage of towels at room temperature after wiping leads to bacterial growth and increased possibility of B. cereus spore formation; therefore, suppression of bacterial growth on used towels is necessary. |
| ArticleNumber | 43270 |
| Author | Kamata, Yosuke Watabe, Naoko Nakane, Akio Ozaki, Mari Ishizawa, Sachie Tonuma, Yuki |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Tonuma, Yuki organization: Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare – sequence: 1 fullname: Nakane, Akio organization: Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine – sequence: 1 fullname: Kamata, Yosuke organization: Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare – sequence: 1 fullname: Watabe, Naoko organization: Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare – sequence: 1 fullname: Ozaki, Mari organization: Aomori University of Health and Welfare – sequence: 1 fullname: Ishizawa, Sachie organization: Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare |
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| Cites_doi | 10.3201/eid2505.171890 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.04.014 10.1038/nrmicro2537 10.4058/jsei.32.85 10.4058/jsei.23.355 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.84.583 10.4058/jsei.24.312 10.1073/pnas.0607077104 10.1128/aem.35.6.1128-1135.1978 10.4058/jsei.27.81 10.1128/CMR.00073-09 |
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| References_xml | – reference: 細川泰香，三星知，石井美帆，他（2018）：多施設間における清拭タオルのBacillus cereus菌数と洗濯方法の比較検討，日環境感染会誌，33(5), 220–224. – reference: 糸賀正道，井上文緒，齋藤紀先，他（2016）：Bacillus spp.陽性血液培養検体とリネン管理，感染症誌，90(4), 480–485. – reference: 中村啓二，鎗水彰，居原毅，他（2017）：持ち込みタオルからBacillus cereus菌血症を発症し医療者を介した水平感染の続発が疑われた症例の検討，感染症誌，92(1), 80–85. – reference: 石原由華（2018）：セレウス菌芽胞の病衣・リネン汚染による院内感染の防止対策，科学研究費助成事業研究成果報告書． – reference: Akamatsu, R., Suzuki, M., Okinaka, K., et al. (2019): Noel sequence type in Bacillus cereus strains associated with nosocomial infections and bacteremia, Japan, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 25(5), 883–890. – reference: 松村千鶴，深井喜代子（2014b）：多次元評価指標による綿タオルと化繊タオルの部分清拭効果の比較，日看技会誌，13(3), 188–199. – reference: 河瀬里美，菅原えりさ，梶浦工，他（2015）：医療従事者の手指から検出される芽胞形成菌に関する検討，医療関連感染，8(2), 43–53. – reference: 余明順，松山順子，志馬景子，他（2010）：クリーニングによるセレウス菌除菌効果の検討，感染症誌，84(5), 583–587. – reference: 宮木祐輝，栗原博子，佐藤健二（2008）：清拭タオルの汚染防止に関する実験的検討，日環境感染会誌，23(5), 355–360. – reference: Dohmae, S., Okubo, T., Higuchi, W., et al. (2008): Bacillus cereus nosocomial infection from reuse towels in Japan, J. Hosp. Infect., 69(4), 361–367. – reference: 米倉摩弥，菅谷しづ子，高橋方子，他（2020）：病院における清拭の現状と教育方法の改善―第一報―，千葉科学大紀，13, 89–95. – reference: 川嶋みどり（2020）：看護における清拭技術の今日的問題，看実践の科学，45(1), 14–19. – reference: 茂野香おる（2019）：論点①病院看護の変容，特集/看護の未来 The future of nursing，看実践の科学，44(9), 27–33. – reference: 長富美恵子，江原義郎，中澤武司，他（2013）：アルコールベース速乾性刷り込み式手指消毒剤の使用による菌交代についての検討，順天堂大学医療看護学部医療看護研究，9(2), 1–7. – reference: 松村千鶴，深井喜代子（2014a）：綿タオルと化繊タオルの細菌学的検討，日看技会誌，13(3), 243–246. – reference: 松本哲哉（2021）：標準微生物学，第14版，錫谷達夫，松本哲哉編，23，医学書院，東京． – reference: Bottone, E. J. (2010): Bacillus cereus, a volatile human pathogen, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 23(2), 382–398. – reference: 石原由華，宇佐美久枝，畠山和人，他（2017）：清拭タオルのBacillus cereus汚染を高感度に検出する改良ビーズ抽出法，日環境感染会誌，32(2), 85–88. – reference: 井沢義雄，伊藤誠（2005）：Bacillus cereusによる偽アウトブレイクと清拭タオルの管理について，日本臨微生物誌，15(2), 82–89. – reference: 麻生恭代，長富美恵子，中澤武司，他（2012）：Bacillus cereus血流感染における輸液製剤と環境因子の検討，日環境感染会誌，27(2), 81–90. – reference: Gao, Z., Tseng, C-H, Pei, Z., et al. (2007): Molecular analysis of human forearm. superficial skin bacterial biota, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104(8), 2927–2932. – reference: Bibel, D. J., Lovell, D. J., Smiljanic, R. J. (1978): Survival of bacillus licheniformis on. human skin, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35(6), 1128–1135. – reference: 三輪聖恵，大庭貴子（2022）：ナーシング・グラフィカ 基礎看護学③ 基礎看護技術II 看護実践のための援助技術，第1版，松尾ミヨ子，城生弘美，習田明裕，他編，276–279，メディカ出版，大阪． – reference: 澁谷幸（2019）：看護師にとっての清拭の意味―清拭のエスのグラフィー―，日看研会誌，42(1), 43–51. – reference: 笹原鉄平，林俊治，森澤雄司，他（2009）：病院タオルのBacillus cereus汚染を測定する方法の比較検討，日環境感染会誌，24(5), 312–318. – reference: Grice, E. A., Segre, J. A. (2011): The skin microbiome, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 9(4), 244–253. – ident: 1 doi: 10.3201/eid2505.171890 – ident: 12 – ident: 16 – ident: 14 – ident: 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.04.014 – ident: 7 doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2537 – ident: 10 doi: 10.4058/jsei.32.85 – ident: 18 doi: 10.4058/jsei.23.355 – ident: 9 – ident: 24 doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.84.583 – ident: 20 – ident: 21 doi: 10.4058/jsei.24.312 – ident: 22 – ident: 17 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607077104 – ident: 3 doi: 10.1128/aem.35.6.1128-1135.1978 – ident: 11 – ident: 19 – ident: 13 – ident: 2 doi: 10.4058/jsei.27.81 – ident: 15 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1128/CMR.00073-09 – ident: 8 – ident: 25 – ident: 23 |
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| Title | Adhesion and Growth of Bacillus cereus on Cotton Towels after Forearm Wiping |
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