FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MONTENEGRO: MOTIVES AND BARRIERS

• Published in: Poljoprivreda i šumarstvo Vol. 64; no. 4; p. 195
• Main Authors: DESPOTOVIC, Aleksandra, JOKSIMOVIC, Miljan, JOVANOVIC, Miomir, MALETIC, Radojka
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Titograd University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty 15.12.2018
• Subjects: Clustering; Cooperation; Economic development; Entrepreneurs; Entrepreneurship; GDP; Gross Domestic Product; Illiteracy; Population density; Small business; Sociology; Stratification; Transition economies; Women; Slovenia; Serbia; Bosnia-Hercegovina; Montenegro; Croatia; Albania
• DOI: 10.17707/AgricultForest.64.4.21
• ISSN: 0554-5579

According to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) definition, female entrepreneurs are all women who are owners of an enterprise provided that simultaneously have the leading management role in that enterprise (OECD, 1998). Dana has noted that motives for starting their own businesses are focused on three directions: the self (high need for achievement, innovativeness and ability to take calculated risks); the ethno-cultural milieu (culture, thrift, frugality, asceticism and ethnic resources) and the host society (stratification, social blockage, government assistance and occupational clustering) (Leo-Paul Dana, 1997). Since a greater proportion of women are financially dependent on their spouse/partner, entrepreneurship may also be a last resort solution following the death of a spouse/partner or divorce/separation (Campbell, 1994). According to Box et al., there are four factors which have a positive relationship with the business success of women entrepreneurs, such as: previous experience as a member of an entrepreneurial management team, number of previous 'starts', entrepreneur's age and scanning intensity (Box et al, 1995). According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey grouping countries by the stage of economic development, in 2010 Montenegro was placed in a group of efficiency-driven economies.