ЕТНОГРАФІЧНІ МАНДРІВКИ І.С.НЕЧУЯ-ЛЕВИЦЬКОГО В КАРПАТАХ (ДО 180-РІЧЧЯ З ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ)

• Published in: Aktualʹnì pitannâ suspìlʹnih nauk ta ìstorìï medicini (Online) Vol. 4 (24); no. 4; pp. 20 - 23
• Main Author: Kurochkin, Alexander
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Ukrainian
• Published: Видавництво ВДНЗ України « Буковинський державний медичний університет 01.12.2019; Publishing House of Bukovinian State Medical University; Bukovinian State Medical university
• Subjects: 19th Century; Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology; Cultural history; Ethnohistory; Local History / Microhistory; Pre-WW I WW I (1900 -1919); карпаты; поляки-крокусы; словаки; украинцы-лемки; Polescrocuses; Slovaks; Carpathians; UkrainiansLemkos
• ISSN: 2311-9896; 2411-6181
• DOI: 10.24061/2411-6181.4.2019.143

A striking example of the interaction between science and artistic creativity is the ethnographic activity of Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky (1838-1918), who occupies a place of honor among the realist artists of the second half of the XIX − early XX centuries. An outstanding master of words, the creator of the first social and novel novels and stories in Ukrainian, he has left a prominent mark in national and world culture. The aim of the investigations to indicate and to describe the main value of I. S. Nechuy-Levytsky's ethnographic heritage. It is determined not only by theoretical conclusions, but by the rich factual material taken from historical life and everyday life as well. That is the reason of great importance due to its authenticity. The methodology of the research is based on the combination of the method of direct included observation and the comparative / historical-comparative / method, which allows to determine the common and different cultural effects on I. S. Nechuy-Lewytsky ethnographic heritage. Scientific novelty. These sources of great benefit to Ukrainians can be accessed by modern researchers of the material and spiritual culture of people on Ukrainian territory in XIX century. The article presents and comments on the ethnographic observations of IS Nechuy-Levytsky made during his stay in the Carpathians in 1884-1885 years. Similar social, economic and geographical conditions led to the formation of representatives of three Slavic people − the inhabitants of the mountains Beskydy of a number of common features, especially in material culture, the presence of which was well demonstrated by I.S. Nechui-Levytsky. Conclusions. According to the writer, the houses of the Polish Highlander were not fenced off from the street, so the yard was not actually there. Single-chamber and multi-chamber buildings of the house-hay-house type has been noticed. The walls did not grease or whiten outside and inside and it had the natural red color of the spruce tree. It is known, that I. S. Nechui-Levytsky provided meetings with Slovaks and tis is important ethnographic details. We learn from his notations, that the local “gazdos” (masters) wore long haired (heirfell on their shoulders and was cut straight on the forehead), like the Polesie Ukrainians. The traditional clothing of the Highlanders was the same in all three borderline ethnic groups. The most valuable information for ethnographical studies comes from the mountain village Shlyakhtova, which the author calls the «last Russian-Ukrainian» village in the Carpathians. It is an ancient settlement of the Ukrainian Lemkos, which is mentioned in the diploma of the Polish King Jagiel in 1391. The scientific value of these materials is increasing due to the irreversible changes that have taken place since their fixation.