Health and safety in 3D printing
Fused deposition modelling, or 3D printing, is an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly gaining popularity because of its ability to produce usable parts with several geometries. It provides multiple advantages in everyday life. However, the emerging risks of using 3D printers at home is...
Saved in:
Published in | International journal of occupational and environmental safety Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 14 - 25 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto
01.04.2022
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Fused deposition modelling, or 3D printing, is an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly gaining popularity because of its ability to produce usable parts with several geometries. It provides multiple advantages in everyday life. However, the emerging risks of using 3D printers at home is an issue that needs to be addressed. It is estimated that a person spends, on average, 80-90% of their time inside a building, up to 60% of that time is at home. Therefore it is essential to control the pollutants in the indoor environment. This paper evaluated the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and nanoparticle emissions during 3D printing with the most common Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) materials. Real-time aerosol monitors were used to characterise particulate emission, and laboratory analysis was used to check the VOCs levels. During printing, an increase of VOCs and nanoparticles was observed. This increase was more significant during printing with ABS filaments than during printing with PLA filaments. The nanoparticles size emitted for the ABS filament was smaller than the particles emitted for the PLA filament. A carcinogen substance like benzene was found during printing. The pollutants levels observed may cause health problems, and it is recommended that printing be avoided without engineering controls in place, e.g. a good ventilation and extraction system. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Fused deposition modelling, or 3D printing, is an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly gaining popularity because of its ability to produce usable parts with several geometries. It provides multiple advantages in everyday life. However, the emerging risks of using 3D printers at home is an issue that needs to be addressed. It is estimated that a person spends, on average, 80-90% of their time inside a building, up to 60% of that time is at home. Therefore it is essential to control the pollutants in the indoor environment. This paper evaluated the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and nanoparticle emissions during 3D printing with the most common Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) materials. Real-time aerosol monitors were used to characterise particulate emission, and laboratory analysis was used to check the VOCs levels. During printing, an increase of VOCs and nanoparticles was observed. This increase was more significant during printing with ABS filaments than during printing with PLA filaments. The nanoparticles size emitted for the ABS filament was smaller than the particles emitted for the PLA filament. A carcinogen substance like benzene was found during printing. The pollutants levels observed may cause health problems, and it is recommended that printing be avoided without engineering controls in place, e.g. a good ventilation and extraction system. |
Author | Teresa López Pola Héctor García |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 orcidid: 0000-0002-7285-2347 fullname: Héctor García organization: Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, ES – sequence: 2 orcidid: 0000-0003-2226-1327 fullname: Teresa López Pola organization: Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, ES |
BookMark | eNo9jdtKAzEURYMoWGu_wfzA1JPLmSSPUi8tFHzpezi51Sk1IzPz0r93UPFpwdqw9h27rn3NjD0IWEttNTxKYXUDDrUHaNcAYiaoK7b4H27ZahxPs5UIRiMuGN9mOk8fnGriI5U8XXhXuXrmX0NXp64e79lNofOYV39cssPry2Gzbfbvb7vN076JQkJoXDAZUWiUGrWLOug2JOVCVtI4MjYmStZitCqTKIqKM21RaGwr2xxILdnuN5t6Ovn5_JOGi--p8z-iH46ehqmL5-yDyLGAzJgKaEPKyqgouohFxjjH1DdhMk4I |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_024_33257_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_powders1040013 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
DBID | DOA |
DOI | 10.24840/2184-0954_006.001_0003 |
DatabaseName | Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitleList | |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
EISSN | 2184-0954 |
EndPage | 25 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_b1ecf02e5df047a382c3ac9c5f2cc6eb |
GroupedDBID | ADBBV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV GROUPED_DOAJ M~E OK1 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c120b-9b7e5514524549c4b46bd39be3279a78cdad885c83ea1f3af976f3578626eba3 |
IEDL.DBID | DOA |
IngestDate | Thu Jul 04 21:08:46 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 1 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c120b-9b7e5514524549c4b46bd39be3279a78cdad885c83ea1f3af976f3578626eba3 |
ORCID | 0000-0003-2226-1327 0000-0002-7285-2347 |
OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/b1ecf02e5df047a382c3ac9c5f2cc6eb |
PageCount | 12 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b1ecf02e5df047a382c3ac9c5f2cc6eb |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2022-04-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-04-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2022 text: 2022-04-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationTitle | International journal of occupational and environmental safety |
PublicationYear | 2022 |
Publisher | Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto |
Publisher_xml | – name: Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto |
SSID | ssj0002507455 |
Score | 2.233277 |
Snippet | Fused deposition modelling, or 3D printing, is an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly gaining popularity because of its ability to produce usable... |
SourceID | doaj |
SourceType | Open Website |
StartPage | 14 |
SubjectTerms | 3d printing indoor air quality nanoparticles vocs |
Title | Health and safety in 3D printing |
URI | https://doaj.org/article/b1ecf02e5df047a382c3ac9c5f2cc6eb |
Volume | 6 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV07T8QwDI7QTSwIBIi3MrBW19pJm4y8TickmA7ptipJHYmlIDgG_j122-GYWFgjJYodyfYX25-Vuubl4FyoCg9VXRgsqfARAxtD51MufQco3chPz_XyxTyu7Xpr1JfUhI30wKPi5rEi3gNku1yaJqCDhCH5ZDOkVFMcrG9lt8CU2GB27I2xdizoAsMoZi5YpuCAwrRTAkLyrviLqn_wKYt9tTcFg_pmvMSB2qH-UOmxM0gzxNefIdPmW7_2Gu-1fMFJkfKRWi0eVnfLYppjUKQKysjCNySBiQXDaCyZaOrYoY-E0PjQuNSFzjmbHFKoMobMIUIWFhoGGxQDHqtZ_9bTidKOyEfgIwAY2aTs2N02QjKGSLkM3am6FWna95GpohXu6GGBNdpOGm3_0ujZfxxyrnZBGgWGGpcLNdt8fNElu-9NvBpe6gcz3JeS |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,870,2115,27955,27956 |
linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Health+and+safety+in+3D+printing&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+safety&rft.au=H%C3%A9ctor+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.au=Teresa+L%C3%B3pez+Pola&rft.date=2022-04-01&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Engineering+of+University+of+Porto&rft.eissn=2184-0954&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.epage=25&rft_id=info:doi/10.24840%2F2184-0954_006.001_0003&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_b1ecf02e5df047a382c3ac9c5f2cc6eb |