Le traitement médical du reflux gastro-œsophagien: concilier efficacité, éthique et coût
Résumé: Le reflux gastro-œsophagien (RGO) dont la prévalence est élevée dans les pays industrialisés, pose le problème de la prise en charge du traitement par la collectivité et du rapport qualité/prix des choix thérapeutiques proposés. Les données de l’épidémiologie et de la physiopathologie du RGO...
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Published in | Acta endoscopica Vol. 27; no. 3; pp. 221 - 238 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | French |
Published |
Cachan
Lavoisier
01.05.1997
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0240-642X 1958-5454 |
DOI | 10.1007/BF02969053 |
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Abstract | Résumé: Le reflux gastro-œsophagien (RGO) dont la prévalence est élevée dans les pays industrialisés, pose le problème de la prise en charge du traitement par la collectivité et du rapport qualité/prix des choix thérapeutiques proposés. Les données de l’épidémiologie et de la physiopathologie du RGO ont notablement élargi son spectre clinique. Lors de l’endoscopie, la majorité des sujets jeunes présentent une muqueuse normale ou une œsophagite légère qui évolue rarement vers l’aggravation. Le traitement initial à visée symptomatique est court (4 semaines), utilise les inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons (IPP) à demi-dose (Lansoprazole (LAN 15 mg/j) ou Omeprazole (OME 10 mg/j) avec une efficacité supérieure à la Ranitidine (RAN 300 mg/j) et à un coût inférieur. Le Cisapride (CIS 40 mg/j) constitue une alternative logique, d’efficacité inférieure aux IPP à demi-dose pour un prix supérieur. La rechute clinique précoce nécessite une endoscopie et la cicatrisation des lésions observées est l’enjeu prioritaire. Le traitement curatif initial (TCI) d’une durée de 8 semaines, utilise les IPP à dose standard (LAN 30 mg/j, PAN 40 mg/j et OME 20 mg/j). En cas d’œsophagite sévère (types III–IV), la dose double d’OME (40 mg/j) peut être nécessaire et modifie le rapport qualité/prix. Le choix du traitement d’entretien (TE) lors de la rechute clinique après TCI dépend de la sévérité des symptômes et du stade initial de l’œsophagite. Chez le sujet jeune, symptomatique, avec des lésions d’œsophagite légère ou une muqueuse normale, le TE (un an) continu ou discontinu, comporte LAN 15 mg/j, OME 10 mg/j ou CIS 40 mg/j sans endoscopie préalable. Le TE de l’œsophagite sévère est prescrit après endoscopie de contrôle et requiert les doses efficaces d’IPP appliquées lors du TCI. Des sous-groupes de patients nécessitent une approche différente du TE: les sujets âgés, plus souvent porteurs de lésions d’œsophagite sévère, et exposés à plus de risque de morbidité et/ou mortalité après fundoplicature selon Nissen (FNC), les porteurs d’un endobrachyœsophage (EBO) dont les lésions peptiques nécessitent de hautes doses d’IPP et une surveillance endoscopique plus stricte, les sujets présentant des symptômes atypiques ORL et pulmonaires dont le traitement par IPP doit être évalué en fonction de l’effet symptomatique et qui posent, en cas de récidive, l’alternative d’une FNC. Le rapport éthique/efficacité doit définir les limites entre, d’une part, un trouble fonctionnel fréquent, devenu un mal de société dont le coût du traitement est insupportable pour la collectivité, et d’autre part, le reflux-maladie à traiter cas par cas, sous contrôle médical, selon des schémas thérapeutiques que ne doivent pas limiter les contraintes budgétaires.
Summary: Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) with its high prevalence in industrialized countries raises the problem of public responsibility for the cost of treatment and the cost/benefit ratio of the therapeutic options available. Data derived from the epidemiology and physiopathology of GER have significantly broadened its clinical spectrum. During endoscopy, most young subjects display a normal mucosa or mild esophagitis which rarely develops into anything more severe. Initial treatment of symptoms is short (four weeks) and uses proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in half doses — Lansoprazole (LAN 15 mg/d) or Omeprazole (OME 10 mg/d) with greater efficacy than Ranitidine (RAN 300 mg/d) and at lower cost. Cisaprid (CIS 40 mg/d) is a logical alternative, less effective than PPIs in half dose for a higher price. Early clinical recurrence requires endoscopy, and the healing of detected lesions is the major concern. Initial curative treatment (ICT) lasting eight weeks uses standard doses of PPIs (LAN 30 mg/d, PAN 40 mg/d and OME 20 mg/d). In the case of severe esophagitis (grades III–IV), a double dose of OME (40 mg/d) may be necessary and thus alters the cost/benefit ratio. The choice of maintenance treatment during clinical recurrence following ICT depends on the severity of the symptoms and the initial stage of the esophagitis. In a young individual displaying symptoms, with mild esophagitis or a normal mucosa, continuous (lasting a year) or intermittent maintenance treatment involves LAN 15 mg/d, OME 10 mg/d or CIS 40 mg/d without prior endoscopy. Maintenance treatment of severe esophagitis is prescribed after endoscopy and requires the efficient doses of PPI administered during ICT. Certain patient sub-groups require a different approach in maintenance treatment: elderly subjects more frequently suffering from severe esophagitis lesions and exposed to higher morbidity and/or mortality risk following Nissen’s fundoplication (NCF); patients with Barrett’s esophagus whose peptic lesions call for high doses of PPIs and stricter endoscopic surveillance; subjects with atypical pulmonary or ENT symptoms, for whom PPI treatment has to be evaluated in terms of its effect on the symptoms and raises the alternative of NCF in the case of a recurrence. The balance of ethical conduct and efficacy must determine the limits between, on the one hand, a frequent functional disorder which has become a social burden requiring treatment whose cost of treatment cannot be borne collectively and, on the other, the reflux disease which has to be treated on a case by case basis under medical supervision, in accordance with therapeutic strategies free from budgetary restrictions. |
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AbstractList | Résumé: Le reflux gastro-œsophagien (RGO) dont la prévalence est élevée dans les pays industrialisés, pose le problème de la prise en charge du traitement par la collectivité et du rapport qualité/prix des choix thérapeutiques proposés. Les données de l’épidémiologie et de la physiopathologie du RGO ont notablement élargi son spectre clinique. Lors de l’endoscopie, la majorité des sujets jeunes présentent une muqueuse normale ou une œsophagite légère qui évolue rarement vers l’aggravation. Le traitement initial à visée symptomatique est court (4 semaines), utilise les inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons (IPP) à demi-dose (Lansoprazole (LAN 15 mg/j) ou Omeprazole (OME 10 mg/j) avec une efficacité supérieure à la Ranitidine (RAN 300 mg/j) et à un coût inférieur. Le Cisapride (CIS 40 mg/j) constitue une alternative logique, d’efficacité inférieure aux IPP à demi-dose pour un prix supérieur. La rechute clinique précoce nécessite une endoscopie et la cicatrisation des lésions observées est l’enjeu prioritaire. Le traitement curatif initial (TCI) d’une durée de 8 semaines, utilise les IPP à dose standard (LAN 30 mg/j, PAN 40 mg/j et OME 20 mg/j). En cas d’œsophagite sévère (types III–IV), la dose double d’OME (40 mg/j) peut être nécessaire et modifie le rapport qualité/prix. Le choix du traitement d’entretien (TE) lors de la rechute clinique après TCI dépend de la sévérité des symptômes et du stade initial de l’œsophagite. Chez le sujet jeune, symptomatique, avec des lésions d’œsophagite légère ou une muqueuse normale, le TE (un an) continu ou discontinu, comporte LAN 15 mg/j, OME 10 mg/j ou CIS 40 mg/j sans endoscopie préalable. Le TE de l’œsophagite sévère est prescrit après endoscopie de contrôle et requiert les doses efficaces d’IPP appliquées lors du TCI. Des sous-groupes de patients nécessitent une approche différente du TE: les sujets âgés, plus souvent porteurs de lésions d’œsophagite sévère, et exposés à plus de risque de morbidité et/ou mortalité après fundoplicature selon Nissen (FNC), les porteurs d’un endobrachyœsophage (EBO) dont les lésions peptiques nécessitent de hautes doses d’IPP et une surveillance endoscopique plus stricte, les sujets présentant des symptômes atypiques ORL et pulmonaires dont le traitement par IPP doit être évalué en fonction de l’effet symptomatique et qui posent, en cas de récidive, l’alternative d’une FNC. Le rapport éthique/efficacité doit définir les limites entre, d’une part, un trouble fonctionnel fréquent, devenu un mal de société dont le coût du traitement est insupportable pour la collectivité, et d’autre part, le reflux-maladie à traiter cas par cas, sous contrôle médical, selon des schémas thérapeutiques que ne doivent pas limiter les contraintes budgétaires.
Summary: Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) with its high prevalence in industrialized countries raises the problem of public responsibility for the cost of treatment and the cost/benefit ratio of the therapeutic options available. Data derived from the epidemiology and physiopathology of GER have significantly broadened its clinical spectrum. During endoscopy, most young subjects display a normal mucosa or mild esophagitis which rarely develops into anything more severe. Initial treatment of symptoms is short (four weeks) and uses proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in half doses — Lansoprazole (LAN 15 mg/d) or Omeprazole (OME 10 mg/d) with greater efficacy than Ranitidine (RAN 300 mg/d) and at lower cost. Cisaprid (CIS 40 mg/d) is a logical alternative, less effective than PPIs in half dose for a higher price. Early clinical recurrence requires endoscopy, and the healing of detected lesions is the major concern. Initial curative treatment (ICT) lasting eight weeks uses standard doses of PPIs (LAN 30 mg/d, PAN 40 mg/d and OME 20 mg/d). In the case of severe esophagitis (grades III–IV), a double dose of OME (40 mg/d) may be necessary and thus alters the cost/benefit ratio. The choice of maintenance treatment during clinical recurrence following ICT depends on the severity of the symptoms and the initial stage of the esophagitis. In a young individual displaying symptoms, with mild esophagitis or a normal mucosa, continuous (lasting a year) or intermittent maintenance treatment involves LAN 15 mg/d, OME 10 mg/d or CIS 40 mg/d without prior endoscopy. Maintenance treatment of severe esophagitis is prescribed after endoscopy and requires the efficient doses of PPI administered during ICT. Certain patient sub-groups require a different approach in maintenance treatment: elderly subjects more frequently suffering from severe esophagitis lesions and exposed to higher morbidity and/or mortality risk following Nissen’s fundoplication (NCF); patients with Barrett’s esophagus whose peptic lesions call for high doses of PPIs and stricter endoscopic surveillance; subjects with atypical pulmonary or ENT symptoms, for whom PPI treatment has to be evaluated in terms of its effect on the symptoms and raises the alternative of NCF in the case of a recurrence. The balance of ethical conduct and efficacy must determine the limits between, on the one hand, a frequent functional disorder which has become a social burden requiring treatment whose cost of treatment cannot be borne collectively and, on the other, the reflux disease which has to be treated on a case by case basis under medical supervision, in accordance with therapeutic strategies free from budgetary restrictions. |
Author | Mainguet, P. |
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Snippet | Résumé: Le reflux gastro-œsophagien (RGO) dont la prévalence est élevée dans les pays industrialisés, pose le problème de la prise en charge du traitement par... |
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SubjectTerms | Cost/benefit ratio esophagitis gastro-esophageal reflux medical treatment rapport coût/efficacité reflux gastro-œsophagien traitement médical Œsophagite |
Title | Le traitement médical du reflux gastro-œsophagien: concilier efficacité, éthique et coût |
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