Short-term fate of intertidal microphytobenthos carbon under enhanced nutrient availability: a 13 C pulse-chase experiment

Shallow coastal waters in many regions are subject to nutrient enrichment. Microphytobenthos (MPB) can account for much of the carbon (C) fixation in these environments, depending on the depth of the water column, but the effect of enhanced nutrient availability on the processing and fate of MPB-der...

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Published inBiogeosciences Vol. 15; no. 9; pp. 2873 - 2889
Main Authors Riekenberg, Philip M., Oakes, Joanne M., Eyre, Bradley D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 16.05.2018
Subjects
Algae
Availability
Bacteria
Bicarbonates
Biogeochemistry
Biomass
Carbon
Carbon 13
Coastal waters
Dissolved organic carbon
Enzymes
Estuaries
Estuarine environments
Extracellular
Extracellular enzymes
Isotopic enrichment
Mineral nutrients
Nutrient availability
Nutrient concentrations
Nutrient enrichment
Nutrient loss
Nutrient retention
Nutrients
Organic matter
Phytobenthos
Respiration
Sediment
Sediments
Sodium
Sodium bicarbonate
Stable isotopes
Storage
Turnover time
Uptake
Water column
Water depth
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Abstract Shallow coastal waters in many regions are subject to nutrient enrichment. Microphytobenthos (MPB) can account for much of the carbon (C) fixation in these environments, depending on the depth of the water column, but the effect of enhanced nutrient availability on the processing and fate of MPB-derived C (MPB-C) is relatively unknown. In this study, MPB was labeled (stable isotope enrichment) in situ using 13C-sodium bicarbonate. The processing and fate of the newly fixed MPB-C was then traced using ex situ incubations over 3.5 days under different concentrations of nutrients (NH4+ and PO43-: ambient, 2× ambient, 5× ambient, and 10× ambient). After 3.5 days, sediments incubated with increased nutrient concentrations (amended treatments) had increased loss of 13C from sediment organic matter (OM) as a portion of initial uptake (95 % remaining in ambient vs. 79–93 % for amended treatments) and less 13C in MPB (52 % ambient, 26–49 % amended), most likely reflecting increased turnover of MPB-derived C supporting increased production of extracellular enzymes and storage products. Loss of MPB-derived C to the water column via dissolved organic C (DOC) was minimal regardless of treatment (0.4–0.6 %). Loss due to respiration was more substantial, with effluxes of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) increasing with additional nutrient availability (4 % ambient, 6.6–19.8 % amended). These shifts resulted in a decreased turnover time for algal C (419 days ambient, 134–199 days amended). This suggests that nutrient enrichment of estuaries may ultimately lead to decreased retention of carbon within MPB-dominated sediments.
AbstractList Shallow coastal waters in many regions are subject to nutrient enrichment. Microphytobenthos (MPB) can account for much of the carbon (C) fixation in these environments, depending on the depth of the water column, but the effect of enhanced nutrient availability on the processing and fate of MPB-derived C (MPB-C) is relatively unknown. In this study, MPB was labeled (stable isotope enrichment) in situ using 13C-sodium bicarbonate. The processing and fate of the newly fixed MPB-C was then traced using ex situ incubations over 3.5 days under different concentrations of nutrients (NH4+ and PO43-: ambient, 2× ambient, 5× ambient, and 10× ambient). After 3.5 days, sediments incubated with increased nutrient concentrations (amended treatments) had increased loss of 13C from sediment organic matter (OM) as a portion of initial uptake (95 % remaining in ambient vs. 79–93 % for amended treatments) and less 13C in MPB (52 % ambient, 26–49 % amended), most likely reflecting increased turnover of MPB-derived C supporting increased production of extracellular enzymes and storage products. Loss of MPB-derived C to the water column via dissolved organic C (DOC) was minimal regardless of treatment (0.4–0.6 %). Loss due to respiration was more substantial, with effluxes of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) increasing with additional nutrient availability (4 % ambient, 6.6–19.8 % amended). These shifts resulted in a decreased turnover time for algal C (419 days ambient, 134–199 days amended). This suggests that nutrient enrichment of estuaries may ultimately lead to decreased retention of carbon within MPB-dominated sediments.
Shallow coastal waters in many regions are subject to nutrient enrichment. Microphytobenthos (MPB) can account for much of the carbon (C) fixation in these environments, depending on the depth of the water column, but the effect of enhanced nutrient availability on the processing and fate of MPB-derived C (MPB-C) is relatively unknown. In this study, MPB was labeled (stable isotope enrichment) in situ using 13C-sodium bicarbonate. The processing and fate of the newly fixed MPB-C was then traced using ex situ incubations over 3.5 days under different concentrations of nutrients (NH4+ and PO43−: ambient, 2 ×  ambient, 5 ×  ambient, and 10 ×  ambient). After 3.5 days, sediments incubated with increased nutrient concentrations (amended treatments) had increased loss of 13C from sediment organic matter (OM) as a portion of initial uptake (95 % remaining in ambient vs. 79–93 % for amended treatments) and less 13C in MPB (52 % ambient, 26–49 % amended), most likely reflecting increased turnover of MPB-derived C supporting increased production of extracellular enzymes and storage products. Loss of MPB-derived C to the water column via dissolved organic C (DOC) was minimal regardless of treatment (0.4–0.6 %). Loss due to respiration was more substantial, with effluxes of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) increasing with additional nutrient availability (4 % ambient, 6.6–19.8 % amended). These shifts resulted in a decreased turnover time for algal C (419 days ambient, 134–199 days amended). This suggests that nutrient enrichment of estuaries may ultimately lead to decreased retention of carbon within MPB-dominated sediments.
Author Riekenberg, Philip M.
Eyre, Bradley D.
Oakes, Joanne M.
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Snippet Shallow coastal waters in many regions are subject to nutrient enrichment. Microphytobenthos (MPB) can account for much of the carbon (C) fixation in these...
Shallow coastal waters in many regions are subject to nutrient enrichment. Microphytobenthos (MPB) can account for much of the carbon (C) fixation in these...
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StartPage 2873
SubjectTerms Algae
Availability
Bacteria
Bicarbonates
Biogeochemistry
Biomass
Carbon
Carbon 13
Coastal waters
Dissolved organic carbon
Enzymes
Estuaries
Estuarine environments
Extracellular
Extracellular enzymes
Isotopic enrichment
Mineral nutrients
Nutrient availability
Nutrient concentrations
Nutrient enrichment
Nutrient loss
Nutrient retention
Nutrients
Organic matter
Phytobenthos
Respiration
Sediment
Sediments
Sodium
Sodium bicarbonate
Stable isotopes
Storage
Turnover time
Uptake
Water column
Water depth
Title Short-term fate of intertidal microphytobenthos carbon under enhanced nutrient availability: a 13 C pulse-chase experiment
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Volume 15
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