Femtosecond-Laser Direct Writing of Double-Line and Tubular Depressed-Cladding Waveguides in Ultra-Low-Expansion Glass

• Published in: Photonics Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 797
• Main Authors: Wu, Yuhao, Guo, Sixuan, Cheng, Guanghua, Wang, Feiran, Wang, Xu, Zhang, Yunjie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 08.08.2025
• Subjects: Aperture; Ceramics; Cladding; Crystals; Direct laser writing; Fabrication; Finite element method; Glass ceramics; High temperature; Integrated circuits; Lasers; Optics; Phase transitions; Process parameters; Propagation; Temperature requirements; Waveguides; Writing; Germany

Addressing the stability requirements of photonic integrated devices operating over wide temperature ranges, this work achieves controlled fabrication of femtosecond-laser direct-written Type II double-line waveguides and Type III depressed-cladding tubular waveguides within ultra-low-expansion LAS...