Targeting acute myeloid leukemia cells by CD33 receptor-specific MoS 2 -based nanoconjugates

• Published in: Biomedical materials (Bristol) Vol. 16; no. 5; p. 55009
• Main Authors: Štefík, Pavol, Annušová, Adriana, Lakatoš, Boris, Elefantová, Katarína, Čepcová, Lucia, Hofbauerová, Monika, Kálosi, Anna, Jergel, Matej, Majková, Eva, Šiffalovič, Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.09.2021
• Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacokinetics; Cell Line, Tumor; Disulfides - chemistry; Drug Delivery Systems - methods; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - metabolism; Molybdenum - chemistry; Nanoconjugates - chemistry; Nonlinear Optical Microscopy; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 - immunology; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 - metabolism; label-free Raman imaging; biotin–avidin; MoS2 nanoflake conjugate; acute myeloid leukemia; receptor-specific targeting; SKM-1
• ISSN: 1748-6041; 1748-605X
• DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ac15b1

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive type of cancer caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated myeloblasts, affecting the bone marrow and blood. Systemic chemotherapy is considered the primary treatment strategy; unfortunately, healthy cells are also affected to a large extent, leading to severe side effects of this treatment. Targeted drug therapies are becoming increasingly popular in modern medicine, as they bypass normal tissues and cells. Two-dimensional MoS -based nanomaterials have attracted attention in the biomedical field as promising agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer cells typically (over)express distinctive cytoplasmic membrane-anchored or -spanning protein-based structures (e.g., receptors, enzymes) that distinguish them from healthy, non-cancerous cells. Targeting cancer cells via tumor-specific markers using MoS -based nanocarriers loaded with labels or drugs can significantly improve specificity and reduce side effects of such treatment. SKM-1 is an established AML cell line that has been employed in various bio-research applications. However, to date, it has not been used as the subject of studies on selective cancer targeting by inorganic nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate an efficient targeting of AML cells using MoS nanoflakes prepared by a facile exfoliation route and functionalized with anti-CD33 antibody that binds to CD33 receptors expressed by SKM-1 cells. Microscopic analyses by confocal laser scanning microscopy supplemented by label-free confocal Raman microscopy proved that (anti-CD33)-MoS conjugates were present on the cell surface and within SKM-1 cells, presumably having been internalized via CD33-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of SKM-1 specific (anti-CD33)-MoS conjugates assessed by flow cytometry analysis was significantly higher compared with the cellular uptake of SKM-1 nonspecific (anti-GPC3)-MoS conjugates. Our results indicate the importance of appropriate functionalization of MoS nanomaterials by tumor-recognizing elements that significantly increase their specificity and hence suggest the utilization of MoS -based nanomaterials in the diagnosis and therapy of AML.