Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Dots Coated CaCO 3 Nanocarrier for Levofloxacin Against Multidrug Resistance Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia coli of Urinary Tract Infection Origin

• Published in: Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) Vol. 28; no. 1; p. 106
• Main Authors: Kanwal, Amna, Uzair, Bushra, Sajjad, Shamaila, Samin, Ghufrana, Ali Khan, Barkat, Khan Leghari, Sajjad Ahmed, Khan Niazi, Muhammad Bilal, Abbas, Sehrish
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.01.2022
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Apoptosis - drug effects; beta-Lactamases - genetics; Biofilms - drug effects; Carbon; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli - genetics; Escherichia coli Infections - drug therapy; Escherichia coli Infections - genetics; Humans; Levofloxacin - administration & dosage; Levofloxacin - therapeutic use; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quantum Dots - chemistry; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy; calcium carbonate nanocarrier (CCNC); urinary tract infection (UTI); biocompatibility; CDs coated CaCO3 nanocarrier conjugated with levofloxacin (CD-CCNC-Lvx); biofilm
• DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0621

The multidrug resistance (MDR) having Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) genes and the capacity to create a biofilm acts as a major reduction in the therapeutic effectiveness of antimicrobials. In search of a novel nanocarrier (NC) for targeted delivery of antibiotics, carbon dots (CDs) coated calcium carbonate nanocarriers (CCNC) from organic chicken eggshells conjugated with levofloxacin (Lvx) were synthesized. Our main objectives were to explore the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and NC potential of CDs coated CaCO Nanocarrier conjugated with levofloxacin (CD-CCNC-Lvx) to combat biofilm-producing MDR ESBL of urinary tract infection origin. The synthesized NC system was physiochemically characterized, validating the synthesis of CCNC and CD-CCNC-Lvx with a particle size of 56 and 14 nm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed rod shape morphology. X-ray diffraction results discovered crystalline and dispersed nanoparticles. release drug kinetics illustrated sustained release of Lvx. NC system exhibited strong antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against with a noticeable low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC of CCNC was found to be 30 ± 0.1 μg/mL and CD-CCNC-Lvx was 20 ± 0.1 μg/mL for MDR ESBL-producing The synergistic effect of NC upon conjugation with Lvx showed incredible activity with 30 mm zone of inhibition and 68% biofilm inhibition. Flow cytometry analysis revealed treated cells showed 58.69% reduction in cell viability. SEM images of treated bacterial cells showed morphological changes, which were also confirmed by our flow cytometry findings leading to cell membrane damage in NC system also downregulated the gene in The hemolytic analysis proved biocompatibility with human red blood cells (RBCs). It is concluded that CCNC has the potential to be used as NC for target delivery of antibiotics and may combat toxicity of antibiotics as the inhibition of was noticed at low MIC concentration.