Dinâmica populacional de Bemisia tabaci biótipo B em tomate monocultivo e consorciado com coentro sob cultivo orgânico e convencional
A mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), é um herbívoro de difícil controle devido à alta plasticidade genotípica da espécie. No tomateiro pode causar danos severos principalmente pela transmissão de diversas viroses. O manejo do sistema de produção e o consórcio de culturas...
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Published in | Horticultura brasileira Vol. 27; no. 2; pp. 183 - 188 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Magazine Article |
Language | English |
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01.06.2009
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Abstract | A mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), é um herbívoro de difícil controle devido à alta plasticidade genotípica da espécie. No tomateiro pode causar danos severos principalmente pela transmissão de diversas viroses. O manejo do sistema de produção e o consórcio de culturas podem ter um efeito direto nas populações desse herbívoro, sem que seja necessária a aplicação de inseticidas. Avaliou-se a influência dos sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional e o consórcio tomate-coentro na dinâmica populacional da mosca-branca no campo experimental da Embrapa Hortaliças, de maio a setembro/06. O monitoramento dos adultos da mosca-branca e de seus inimigos naturais foi realizado utilizando-se armadilhas adesivas amarelas fixadas nas bordas e no interior das parcelas experimentais e a amostragem de ninfas foi realizada por observação direta das folhas de tomate no campo. Embora as populações ao redor dos diferentes tratamentos fossem equivalentes, a abundância de adultos de mosca-branca foi significativamente menor nas parcelas de tomate consorciado com coentro, tanto no sistema convencional como orgânico. Apenas o consórcio tomatecoentro em sistema orgânico apresentou redução significativa na quantidade de ninfas por planta em relação aos demais tratamentos. Os inimigos naturais foram significativamente mais abundantes em sistema orgânico e foi verificada uma correlação negativa da abundância dos inimigos naturais e a quantidade de ninfas por planta. A associação tomate-coentro e o manejo orgânico do agroecossistema favoreceram ao controle biológico natural da mosca-branca.
Due to its high genotypic plasticity, the control of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is difficult. This insect may cause severe damage to the tomato crop as a vector of several viruses. The management of the production system and the consortium with other crops may have a direct effect on this herbivore population, without the need of chemical insecticide spraying. The effect of organic and conventional production systems and the tomato-coriander consortium were evaluated in this study, in field, during May-September 2006. Adults of whitefly and its natural enemies were monitored using yellow adhesive traps installed at the edge and inside the experimental plots, and nymphs were sampled by direct observation on tomato plants. Although adult populations in the neighborhood of the different treatments were equivalent, the abundance of whitefly adults was significantly lower in the plots with the consortium tomato-coriander in both systems, conventional and organic. Significant reduction in the amount of nymphs per plant was only observed in the consortium tomato-coriander when all treatments were compared. There were more natural enemies in organic system and a negative correlation was observed between natural enemies abundance collected in the traps and whitefly nymphs' density. The association tomato-coriander and the organic management of the agroecossystem favored natural biological control of B. tabaci. |
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AbstractList | A mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), é um herbívoro de difícil controle devido à alta plasticidade genotípica da espécie. No tomateiro pode causar danos severos principalmente pela transmissão de diversas viroses. O manejo do sistema de produção e o consórcio de culturas podem ter um efeito direto nas populações desse herbívoro, sem que seja necessária a aplicação de inseticidas. Avaliou-se a influência dos sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional e o consórcio tomate-coentro na dinâmica populacional da mosca-branca no campo experimental da Embrapa Hortaliças, de maio a setembro/06. O monitoramento dos adultos da mosca-branca e de seus inimigos naturais foi realizado utilizando-se armadilhas adesivas amarelas fixadas nas bordas e no interior das parcelas experimentais e a amostragem de ninfas foi realizada por observação direta das folhas de tomate no campo. Embora as populações ao redor dos diferentes tratamentos fossem equivalentes, a abundância de adultos de mosca-branca foi significativamente menor nas parcelas de tomate consorciado com coentro, tanto no sistema convencional como orgânico. Apenas o consórcio tomatecoentro em sistema orgânico apresentou redução significativa na quantidade de ninfas por planta em relação aos demais tratamentos. Os inimigos naturais foram significativamente mais abundantes em sistema orgânico e foi verificada uma correlação negativa da abundância dos inimigos naturais e a quantidade de ninfas por planta. A associação tomate-coentro e o manejo orgânico do agroecossistema favoreceram ao controle biológico natural da mosca-branca.
Due to its high genotypic plasticity, the control of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is difficult. This insect may cause severe damage to the tomato crop as a vector of several viruses. The management of the production system and the consortium with other crops may have a direct effect on this herbivore population, without the need of chemical insecticide spraying. The effect of organic and conventional production systems and the tomato-coriander consortium were evaluated in this study, in field, during May-September 2006. Adults of whitefly and its natural enemies were monitored using yellow adhesive traps installed at the edge and inside the experimental plots, and nymphs were sampled by direct observation on tomato plants. Although adult populations in the neighborhood of the different treatments were equivalent, the abundance of whitefly adults was significantly lower in the plots with the consortium tomato-coriander in both systems, conventional and organic. Significant reduction in the amount of nymphs per plant was only observed in the consortium tomato-coriander when all treatments were compared. There were more natural enemies in organic system and a negative correlation was observed between natural enemies abundance collected in the traps and whitefly nymphs' density. The association tomato-coriander and the organic management of the agroecossystem favored natural biological control of B. tabaci. |
Author | Sujii, Edison R Medeiros, Maria A de Pires, Carmem SS Togni, Pedro HB Nakasu, Erich YT Frizzas, Marina R |
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