Evaluación de costes en cuidados intensivos. A la búsqueda de una unidad relativa de valor

La gestión clinicofinanciera de una UCI requiere un método para aproximar los costes individuales y establecer una unidad relativa de valor. Se pretende analizar los costes reales y su estimación mediante índices de gravedad y de actividad terapéutica, así como valorar si a escala individual el índi...

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Published inMedicina intensiva Vol. 27; no. 7; pp. 453 - 462
Main Authors López Messa, J., Martín Serradilla, J.I., Andrés Del Llano, J., Pascual Palacín, R., Treceño Campillo, J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published Elsevier Espana 2003
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Abstract La gestión clinicofinanciera de una UCI requiere un método para aproximar los costes individuales y establecer una unidad relativa de valor. Se pretende analizar los costes reales y su estimación mediante índices de gravedad y de actividad terapéutica, así como valorar si a escala individual el índice NEMS podría ser de utilidad para su medición. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte de pacientes ingresados en la UCI durante el año 2000. Mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado se seleccionó a 106 pacientes de los 14 grupos relacionados por el diagnóstico (GRD) finales más habituales. Se llevó a cabo un registro de costes variables directos de cada paciente con asignación de costes fijos directos e indirectos en función de las estancias. Se midieron: estancia, índices de gravedad fisiológica (APACHE II, SAPS II, MPM 0, MPM 24) y de dependencia terapéutica (NEMS, TISS-28 y OMEGA). El análisis estadístico se basó en el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (CCS) entre costes totales e índices. Se realizó una comparación entre los costes reales y los teóricos calculados sobre la base del NEMS mediante la mediana de la diferencia de dichos costes (AMD; percentil 5 y 95) y el análisis de Bland y Altman. Los valores se expresan en forma de media (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%). Se seleccionó a 106 de los 861 pacientes con estancia mayor o igual a un día, 74 de los cuales eran varones. La edad media fue 68,2 años (65,4-71,0); la estancia media fue de 7,3 días (5,3-9,3); el APACHE II medio, de 17,6 (16,0-19,2); el NEMS, de 219,7 (153,7-285,8); el peso del GRD, de 5,8 (4,6-6,9); la media de coste/paciente, de 6.767,34 euros (4.919,95-8.614,74); la financiación GRD/paciente, de 6.282,29 euros (4.992,82-7.571,76); la media de coste/NEMS, de 12,42 euros (11,09-13,76), y la relación coste/estancia, de 921,28 euros (888,22-954,34). Los valores del CCS fueron los siguientes: estancia, r = 0,98 (p = 0,000); APACHE II, r = 0,36 (p = 0,000); SAPS II, r = 0,27 (p = 0,007); MPM 0, r = 0,20 (p = 0,032); MPM 24, r = 0,21 (p = 0,029); NEMS, r = 0,92 (p = 0,000); TISS-28, r = 0,91 (p = 0,000); OMEGA, r = 0,85 (p = 0,000), y peso GRD, r = 0,55 (p = 0,000). AMD: -154,71 (-3.719,86 a 958,07). El cálculo de costes mediante el método descrito resulta más aproximado que la asignación por GRD. La estancia es el componente de mayor impacto en los costes totales. El NEMS puede ser de utilidad para calcular costes reales. Aun existiendo individualmente diferencias entre costes reales y calculados, el método utilizado puede resultar de gran utilidad para calcular los recursos financieros de una UCI. The clinical-financial management of an intensive care unit (ICU) necessitates a method to approximate individual costs and establish a costs proxy. The aim of this study was to analyze actual costs and their estimation through severity and activity scores, as well as to evaluate whether at an individual level the nine equivalents of nursing manpower use score (NEMS) could be useful for their measurement. We performed a cohort study of patients admitted to an ICU in 2000. Stratified random sampling was used to select 106 patients with the 14 most common diagnosis-related groups (DRG). Direct variable costs for each patient were registered with allocation of direct and indirect fixed costs according to length of hospital stay. Length of hospital stay, physiological severity of illness indices (APACHE II, SAPS II, MPM 0, MPM 24) and therapeutic dependence scales (NEMS, TISS-28 and OMEGA) were measured. Statistical analysis was based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient between total costs and indexes. The actual and theoretical costs calculated on the basis of the NEMS were compared by the median difference between these costs (AMD, 5th and 95th percentile) and by the Bland and Altman analysis. The values are expressed as means (95% confidence interval). One hundred and six patients were selected from 861 patients in whom length of hospital stay was 1 day or more. The mean age was 68.2 years (65.4; 71.0); 74 were men; length of hospital stay: 7.3 (5.3; 9.3); mean APACHE II score: 17.6 (16.0; 19.2); NEMS: 219.7 (153.7; 285.8); DRG weight: 5.8 (4.6; 6.9); cost/patient 6767.34 euros (4919.95; 8614.74); costs per DRG/patient: 6282.29 euros (4992.82; 7571.76); cost/NEMS: 12.42 euros (11.09; 13.76); cost/length of hospital stay ratio: 921.28 euros (888.22; 954.34). The results of Spearman’s correlation coefficient were as follows, r (p): Length of hospital stay: 0.98 (0.000); APACHE II 0.36 (0.000); SAPS II 0.27 (0.007); MPM 0 0.20 (0.032); MPM 24 0.21 (0.029); NEMS 0.92 (0.000); TISS-28 0.91 (0.000); OMEGA 0.85 (0.000); DRG weight 0.55 (0.000). AMD: –154.71 (–3719.86/958.07). Cost calculation through the method described was more approximate than allocation by DRG. The component with the greatest impact on total costs was length of hospital stay. NEMS may be useful for calculating actual costs. Even when there are individual differences between actual and estimated costs, the method used can be useful to calculate the financial resources of an ICU.
AbstractList La gestión clinicofinanciera de una UCI requiere un método para aproximar los costes individuales y establecer una unidad relativa de valor. Se pretende analizar los costes reales y su estimación mediante índices de gravedad y de actividad terapéutica, así como valorar si a escala individual el índice NEMS podría ser de utilidad para su medición. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte de pacientes ingresados en la UCI durante el año 2000. Mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado se seleccionó a 106 pacientes de los 14 grupos relacionados por el diagnóstico (GRD) finales más habituales. Se llevó a cabo un registro de costes variables directos de cada paciente con asignación de costes fijos directos e indirectos en función de las estancias. Se midieron: estancia, índices de gravedad fisiológica (APACHE II, SAPS II, MPM 0, MPM 24) y de dependencia terapéutica (NEMS, TISS-28 y OMEGA). El análisis estadístico se basó en el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (CCS) entre costes totales e índices. Se realizó una comparación entre los costes reales y los teóricos calculados sobre la base del NEMS mediante la mediana de la diferencia de dichos costes (AMD; percentil 5 y 95) y el análisis de Bland y Altman. Los valores se expresan en forma de media (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%). Se seleccionó a 106 de los 861 pacientes con estancia mayor o igual a un día, 74 de los cuales eran varones. La edad media fue 68,2 años (65,4-71,0); la estancia media fue de 7,3 días (5,3-9,3); el APACHE II medio, de 17,6 (16,0-19,2); el NEMS, de 219,7 (153,7-285,8); el peso del GRD, de 5,8 (4,6-6,9); la media de coste/paciente, de 6.767,34 euros (4.919,95-8.614,74); la financiación GRD/paciente, de 6.282,29 euros (4.992,82-7.571,76); la media de coste/NEMS, de 12,42 euros (11,09-13,76), y la relación coste/estancia, de 921,28 euros (888,22-954,34). Los valores del CCS fueron los siguientes: estancia, r = 0,98 (p = 0,000); APACHE II, r = 0,36 (p = 0,000); SAPS II, r = 0,27 (p = 0,007); MPM 0, r = 0,20 (p = 0,032); MPM 24, r = 0,21 (p = 0,029); NEMS, r = 0,92 (p = 0,000); TISS-28, r = 0,91 (p = 0,000); OMEGA, r = 0,85 (p = 0,000), y peso GRD, r = 0,55 (p = 0,000). AMD: -154,71 (-3.719,86 a 958,07). El cálculo de costes mediante el método descrito resulta más aproximado que la asignación por GRD. La estancia es el componente de mayor impacto en los costes totales. El NEMS puede ser de utilidad para calcular costes reales. Aun existiendo individualmente diferencias entre costes reales y calculados, el método utilizado puede resultar de gran utilidad para calcular los recursos financieros de una UCI. The clinical-financial management of an intensive care unit (ICU) necessitates a method to approximate individual costs and establish a costs proxy. The aim of this study was to analyze actual costs and their estimation through severity and activity scores, as well as to evaluate whether at an individual level the nine equivalents of nursing manpower use score (NEMS) could be useful for their measurement. We performed a cohort study of patients admitted to an ICU in 2000. Stratified random sampling was used to select 106 patients with the 14 most common diagnosis-related groups (DRG). Direct variable costs for each patient were registered with allocation of direct and indirect fixed costs according to length of hospital stay. Length of hospital stay, physiological severity of illness indices (APACHE II, SAPS II, MPM 0, MPM 24) and therapeutic dependence scales (NEMS, TISS-28 and OMEGA) were measured. Statistical analysis was based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient between total costs and indexes. The actual and theoretical costs calculated on the basis of the NEMS were compared by the median difference between these costs (AMD, 5th and 95th percentile) and by the Bland and Altman analysis. The values are expressed as means (95% confidence interval). One hundred and six patients were selected from 861 patients in whom length of hospital stay was 1 day or more. The mean age was 68.2 years (65.4; 71.0); 74 were men; length of hospital stay: 7.3 (5.3; 9.3); mean APACHE II score: 17.6 (16.0; 19.2); NEMS: 219.7 (153.7; 285.8); DRG weight: 5.8 (4.6; 6.9); cost/patient 6767.34 euros (4919.95; 8614.74); costs per DRG/patient: 6282.29 euros (4992.82; 7571.76); cost/NEMS: 12.42 euros (11.09; 13.76); cost/length of hospital stay ratio: 921.28 euros (888.22; 954.34). The results of Spearman’s correlation coefficient were as follows, r (p): Length of hospital stay: 0.98 (0.000); APACHE II 0.36 (0.000); SAPS II 0.27 (0.007); MPM 0 0.20 (0.032); MPM 24 0.21 (0.029); NEMS 0.92 (0.000); TISS-28 0.91 (0.000); OMEGA 0.85 (0.000); DRG weight 0.55 (0.000). AMD: –154.71 (–3719.86/958.07). Cost calculation through the method described was more approximate than allocation by DRG. The component with the greatest impact on total costs was length of hospital stay. NEMS may be useful for calculating actual costs. Even when there are individual differences between actual and estimated costs, the method used can be useful to calculate the financial resources of an ICU.
Author López Messa, J.
Pascual Palacín, R.
Martín Serradilla, J.I.
Andrés Del Llano, J.
Treceño Campillo, J.
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Issue 7
Keywords costs
costs proxy
health resources
recursos sanitarios
unidad relativa de valor
unidad de cuidados intensivos
GRD
DRG
análisis de costes
NEMS
costes
intensive care unit
cost analysis
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Snippet La gestión clinicofinanciera de una UCI requiere un método para aproximar los costes individuales y establecer una unidad relativa de valor. Se pretende...
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StartPage 453
SubjectTerms análisis de costes
cost analysis
costes
costs
costs proxy
DRG
GRD
health resources
intensive care unit
NEMS
recursos sanitarios
unidad de cuidados intensivos
unidad relativa de valor
Title Evaluación de costes en cuidados intensivos. A la búsqueda de una unidad relativa de valor
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0210-5691(03)79933-1
Volume 27
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