Syndromes auto-inflammatoires VEXAS-like : à propos de 2 cas

Le syndrome VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), dû à une mutation somatique du gène UBA1 et souvent associé à une hémopathie, est caractérisé par des symptômes systémiques proches de ceux décrits dans la maladie de Still ou la polychondrite atrophiante. Certains patient...

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Published inLa revue de medecine interne Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 139 - 145
Main Authors Devaux, Mathilde, Jachiet, Vincent, Hirsch, Pierre, Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie, Mekinian, Arsene, Salmeron, Geraldine, Sep-Hieng, Sonnthida, Flandrin-Gresta, Pascale, Chretiennot, Andrea, Ghit, Lilia, Masson, Helene, Le Lostec, Zoe, Veyssier-Belot, Catherine
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published Elsevier Masson SAS 01.03.2025
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Abstract Le syndrome VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), dû à une mutation somatique du gène UBA1 et souvent associé à une hémopathie, est caractérisé par des symptômes systémiques proches de ceux décrits dans la maladie de Still ou la polychondrite atrophiante. Certains patients atteints d’hémopathies, présentent des symptômes inflammatoires rappelant ceux du syndrome VEXAS mais sans mutation canonique du gène UBA1. Deux patients de sexe masculin consultaient pour des signes généraux, des symptômes dermatologiques, des arthralgies, des chondrites et des thromboses veineuses, similaires à ceux décrits dans la cohorte française VEXAS. Le myélogramme retrouvait des vacuoles dans les précurseurs myéloïdes et érythroïdes, avec un diagnostic de leucémie myélomonocytaire chronique pour l’un et de syndrome myélodysplasique pour l’autre. La recherche d’une mutation du gène UBA1 par la technique sanger, l’analyse par next-generation sequencing (NGS) d’un panel myéloïde et le séquençage complet étaient négatifs, ne permettant pas de retenir le diagnostic de syndrome VEXAS. Il existait d’autres mutations somatiques, signant une hématopoïèse clonale associée à ce tableau systémique inflammatoire. La corticothérapie initiale était efficace mais, une corticodépendance nécessitait un traitement d’épargne par agent hypométhylant ou inhibiteurs de Janus Kinase. Le rôle des mutations somatiques dans la physiopathologie des maladies auto-inflammatoires associées aux hémopathies doit être mieux compris afin de mieux les caractériser et de développer des traitements ciblés. VEXAS syndrome (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), recently described, due to a somatic mutation of the UBA1 gene and often associated with hemopathy, is characterized by systemic symptoms close to those described in Still's disease or relapsing polychondritis. There are also patients with hemopathy, presenting inflammatory symptoms reminiscent of those of VEXAS syndrome but without mutation of the UBA1 gene. Two male patients consulted for general signs, dermatological symptoms, arthralgia, chondritis and venous thrombosis, like patients in the French cohort suffering from VEXAS syndrome. The myelogram found vacuoles in the myeloid and erythroid precursors, with a diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia for one and myelodysplastic syndrome for the other. The search for a mutation of the UBA1 gene by the sanger technique, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of a myeloid panel and the complete sequencing was negative, not allowing the diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome to be retained. There were other somatic mutations, indicating clonal hematopoiesis associated with this systemic inflammatory state. Initial corticosteroid therapy was effective but corticosteroid dependence required sparing treatment with hypomethylating agents or Janus Kinase inhibitors. The role of somatic mutations in the pathophysiology of autoinflammatory diseases associated with hematologic diseases must be better understood in order to better characterize them and develop targeted treatments.
AbstractList Le syndrome VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), dû à une mutation somatique du gène UBA1 et souvent associé à une hémopathie, est caractérisé par des symptômes systémiques proches de ceux décrits dans la maladie de Still ou la polychondrite atrophiante. Certains patients atteints d’hémopathies, présentent des symptômes inflammatoires rappelant ceux du syndrome VEXAS mais sans mutation canonique du gène UBA1. Deux patients de sexe masculin consultaient pour des signes généraux, des symptômes dermatologiques, des arthralgies, des chondrites et des thromboses veineuses, similaires à ceux décrits dans la cohorte française VEXAS. Le myélogramme retrouvait des vacuoles dans les précurseurs myéloïdes et érythroïdes, avec un diagnostic de leucémie myélomonocytaire chronique pour l’un et de syndrome myélodysplasique pour l’autre. La recherche d’une mutation du gène UBA1 par la technique sanger, l’analyse par next-generation sequencing (NGS) d’un panel myéloïde et le séquençage complet étaient négatifs, ne permettant pas de retenir le diagnostic de syndrome VEXAS. Il existait d’autres mutations somatiques, signant une hématopoïèse clonale associée à ce tableau systémique inflammatoire. La corticothérapie initiale était efficace mais, une corticodépendance nécessitait un traitement d’épargne par agent hypométhylant ou inhibiteurs de Janus Kinase. Le rôle des mutations somatiques dans la physiopathologie des maladies auto-inflammatoires associées aux hémopathies doit être mieux compris afin de mieux les caractériser et de développer des traitements ciblés. VEXAS syndrome (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), recently described, due to a somatic mutation of the UBA1 gene and often associated with hemopathy, is characterized by systemic symptoms close to those described in Still's disease or relapsing polychondritis. There are also patients with hemopathy, presenting inflammatory symptoms reminiscent of those of VEXAS syndrome but without mutation of the UBA1 gene. Two male patients consulted for general signs, dermatological symptoms, arthralgia, chondritis and venous thrombosis, like patients in the French cohort suffering from VEXAS syndrome. The myelogram found vacuoles in the myeloid and erythroid precursors, with a diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia for one and myelodysplastic syndrome for the other. The search for a mutation of the UBA1 gene by the sanger technique, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of a myeloid panel and the complete sequencing was negative, not allowing the diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome to be retained. There were other somatic mutations, indicating clonal hematopoiesis associated with this systemic inflammatory state. Initial corticosteroid therapy was effective but corticosteroid dependence required sparing treatment with hypomethylating agents or Janus Kinase inhibitors. The role of somatic mutations in the pathophysiology of autoinflammatory diseases associated with hematologic diseases must be better understood in order to better characterize them and develop targeted treatments.
Author Sep-Hieng, Sonnthida
Jachiet, Vincent
Masson, Helene
Mekinian, Arsene
Ghit, Lilia
Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie
Chretiennot, Andrea
Le Lostec, Zoe
Veyssier-Belot, Catherine
Salmeron, Geraldine
Hirsch, Pierre
Devaux, Mathilde
Flandrin-Gresta, Pascale
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  givenname: Andrea
  surname: Chretiennot
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  givenname: Lilia
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  organization: Service de médecine interne, CHI Poissy-St Germain, 10, rue du Champs Gaillard, 78300 Poissy, France
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Keywords Syndrome auto-inflammatoire
VEXAS syndrome
Clonal hematopoïesis
Syndrome VEXAS
Hematopoïèse clonale
Corticosteroid dependence
Auto inflammatory syndrome
Corticodépendance
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Snippet Le syndrome VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), dû à une mutation somatique du gène UBA1 et souvent associé à une hémopathie, est...
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StartPage 139
SubjectTerms Auto inflammatory syndrome
Clonal hematopoïesis
Corticodépendance
Corticosteroid dependence
Hematopoïèse clonale
Syndrome auto-inflammatoire
Syndrome VEXAS
VEXAS syndrome
Title Syndromes auto-inflammatoires VEXAS-like : à propos de 2 cas
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2024.12.003
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