Syndromes auto-inflammatoires VEXAS-like : à propos de 2 cas
Le syndrome VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), dû à une mutation somatique du gène UBA1 et souvent associé à une hémopathie, est caractérisé par des symptômes systémiques proches de ceux décrits dans la maladie de Still ou la polychondrite atrophiante. Certains patient...
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Published in | La revue de medecine interne Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 139 - 145 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | French |
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Elsevier Masson SAS
01.03.2025
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Abstract | Le syndrome VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), dû à une mutation somatique du gène UBA1 et souvent associé à une hémopathie, est caractérisé par des symptômes systémiques proches de ceux décrits dans la maladie de Still ou la polychondrite atrophiante. Certains patients atteints d’hémopathies, présentent des symptômes inflammatoires rappelant ceux du syndrome VEXAS mais sans mutation canonique du gène UBA1.
Deux patients de sexe masculin consultaient pour des signes généraux, des symptômes dermatologiques, des arthralgies, des chondrites et des thromboses veineuses, similaires à ceux décrits dans la cohorte française VEXAS. Le myélogramme retrouvait des vacuoles dans les précurseurs myéloïdes et érythroïdes, avec un diagnostic de leucémie myélomonocytaire chronique pour l’un et de syndrome myélodysplasique pour l’autre. La recherche d’une mutation du gène UBA1 par la technique sanger, l’analyse par next-generation sequencing (NGS) d’un panel myéloïde et le séquençage complet étaient négatifs, ne permettant pas de retenir le diagnostic de syndrome VEXAS. Il existait d’autres mutations somatiques, signant une hématopoïèse clonale associée à ce tableau systémique inflammatoire. La corticothérapie initiale était efficace mais, une corticodépendance nécessitait un traitement d’épargne par agent hypométhylant ou inhibiteurs de Janus Kinase.
Le rôle des mutations somatiques dans la physiopathologie des maladies auto-inflammatoires associées aux hémopathies doit être mieux compris afin de mieux les caractériser et de développer des traitements ciblés.
VEXAS syndrome (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), recently described, due to a somatic mutation of the UBA1 gene and often associated with hemopathy, is characterized by systemic symptoms close to those described in Still's disease or relapsing polychondritis. There are also patients with hemopathy, presenting inflammatory symptoms reminiscent of those of VEXAS syndrome but without mutation of the UBA1 gene.
Two male patients consulted for general signs, dermatological symptoms, arthralgia, chondritis and venous thrombosis, like patients in the French cohort suffering from VEXAS syndrome. The myelogram found vacuoles in the myeloid and erythroid precursors, with a diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia for one and myelodysplastic syndrome for the other. The search for a mutation of the UBA1 gene by the sanger technique, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of a myeloid panel and the complete sequencing was negative, not allowing the diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome to be retained. There were other somatic mutations, indicating clonal hematopoiesis associated with this systemic inflammatory state. Initial corticosteroid therapy was effective but corticosteroid dependence required sparing treatment with hypomethylating agents or Janus Kinase inhibitors.
The role of somatic mutations in the pathophysiology of autoinflammatory diseases associated with hematologic diseases must be better understood in order to better characterize them and develop targeted treatments. |
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AbstractList | Le syndrome VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), dû à une mutation somatique du gène UBA1 et souvent associé à une hémopathie, est caractérisé par des symptômes systémiques proches de ceux décrits dans la maladie de Still ou la polychondrite atrophiante. Certains patients atteints d’hémopathies, présentent des symptômes inflammatoires rappelant ceux du syndrome VEXAS mais sans mutation canonique du gène UBA1.
Deux patients de sexe masculin consultaient pour des signes généraux, des symptômes dermatologiques, des arthralgies, des chondrites et des thromboses veineuses, similaires à ceux décrits dans la cohorte française VEXAS. Le myélogramme retrouvait des vacuoles dans les précurseurs myéloïdes et érythroïdes, avec un diagnostic de leucémie myélomonocytaire chronique pour l’un et de syndrome myélodysplasique pour l’autre. La recherche d’une mutation du gène UBA1 par la technique sanger, l’analyse par next-generation sequencing (NGS) d’un panel myéloïde et le séquençage complet étaient négatifs, ne permettant pas de retenir le diagnostic de syndrome VEXAS. Il existait d’autres mutations somatiques, signant une hématopoïèse clonale associée à ce tableau systémique inflammatoire. La corticothérapie initiale était efficace mais, une corticodépendance nécessitait un traitement d’épargne par agent hypométhylant ou inhibiteurs de Janus Kinase.
Le rôle des mutations somatiques dans la physiopathologie des maladies auto-inflammatoires associées aux hémopathies doit être mieux compris afin de mieux les caractériser et de développer des traitements ciblés.
VEXAS syndrome (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic), recently described, due to a somatic mutation of the UBA1 gene and often associated with hemopathy, is characterized by systemic symptoms close to those described in Still's disease or relapsing polychondritis. There are also patients with hemopathy, presenting inflammatory symptoms reminiscent of those of VEXAS syndrome but without mutation of the UBA1 gene.
Two male patients consulted for general signs, dermatological symptoms, arthralgia, chondritis and venous thrombosis, like patients in the French cohort suffering from VEXAS syndrome. The myelogram found vacuoles in the myeloid and erythroid precursors, with a diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia for one and myelodysplastic syndrome for the other. The search for a mutation of the UBA1 gene by the sanger technique, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of a myeloid panel and the complete sequencing was negative, not allowing the diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome to be retained. There were other somatic mutations, indicating clonal hematopoiesis associated with this systemic inflammatory state. Initial corticosteroid therapy was effective but corticosteroid dependence required sparing treatment with hypomethylating agents or Janus Kinase inhibitors.
The role of somatic mutations in the pathophysiology of autoinflammatory diseases associated with hematologic diseases must be better understood in order to better characterize them and develop targeted treatments. |
Author | Sep-Hieng, Sonnthida Jachiet, Vincent Masson, Helene Mekinian, Arsene Ghit, Lilia Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie Chretiennot, Andrea Le Lostec, Zoe Veyssier-Belot, Catherine Salmeron, Geraldine Hirsch, Pierre Devaux, Mathilde Flandrin-Gresta, Pascale |
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Cites_doi | 10.1111/bjh.17893 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.07.009 10.1038/s41375-022-01698-8 10.1182/blood.2020010286 10.1111/bjd.20805 10.1136/ard-2024-225640 10.1038/s41375-021-01152-1 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106856 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004749 10.3390/jcm10235586 10.1182/blood.2022016642 10.1056/NEJMoa2026834 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002255 10.1093/rheumatology/kev294 10.1182/blood.2023022329 10.1007/s00277-018-3472-9 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.08.005 |
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Keywords | Syndrome auto-inflammatoire VEXAS syndrome Clonal hematopoïesis Syndrome VEXAS Hematopoïèse clonale Corticosteroid dependence Auto inflammatory syndrome Corticodépendance |
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year: 2024 ident: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.12.003_bib0090 article-title: Venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with VEXAS syndrome publication-title: Blood doi: 10.1182/blood.2023022329 – volume: 97 start-page: 2015 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.12.003_bib0105 article-title: Autoimmune manifestations associated with myelodysplastic syndromes publication-title: Ann Hematol doi: 10.1007/s00277-018-3472-9 – volume: 32 start-page: 552 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.12.003_bib0115 article-title: Manifestations systémiques et auto-immunes des syndromes myélodysplasiques [Systemic and autoimmune manifestations in myelodysplastic syndromes] publication-title: Rev Med Interne doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.08.005 |
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SubjectTerms | Auto inflammatory syndrome Clonal hematopoïesis Corticodépendance Corticosteroid dependence Hematopoïèse clonale Syndrome auto-inflammatoire Syndrome VEXAS VEXAS syndrome |
Title | Syndromes auto-inflammatoires VEXAS-like : à propos de 2 cas |
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