Proteome profiling of nasopharynx reveals pathophysiological signature of COVID-19 disease severity

An aberrant innate immune system caused by the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a characteristic manifestation of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we performed proteome profiling of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs from 273 hospitalized patients with mild and severe COVID-19 symptoms, includ...

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Main Authors Ooi, Amanda, Esau, Luke E., Pugachev, Artyom, Groen, Arnoud, Mfarrej, Sara, Salunke, Rahul P., Subudhi, Amit K., Ben-Rached, Fathia, Alofi, Fadwa, Alsomali, Afrah, Alquthami, Khaled, Khogeer, Asim, Hashem, Anwar M., Almontashiri, Naif, Magistretti, Pierre J., Hala, Sharif, Pain, Arnab
Format Paper
LanguageEnglish
Published Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 10.07.2023
Edition1.1
Subjects
Immunology
COVID-19 host nasopharynx/ innate immune system/ interferon signaling/ oxidative stress/ retinol metabolism
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Abstract An aberrant innate immune system caused by the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a characteristic manifestation of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we performed proteome profiling of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs from 273 hospitalized patients with mild and severe COVID-19 symptoms, including non-survivors. We identified depletion in STAT1-mediated type I interferon response, retinol metabolism and NRF2 antioxidant system that are associated with disease severity in our patient demography. We found that the dysregulation of glucocorticoid signaling and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 fatality. Hyperactivation of host innate immune system was observed in severe patients, marked by elevated proteins involved in neutrophil degranulation and platelet aggregation. Our study using high-throughput proteomics on the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients provides additional evidence on the SARS-CoV-2-induced pathophysiological signatures of disease severity and fatality.
AbstractList An aberrant innate immune system caused by the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a characteristic manifestation of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we performed proteome profiling of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs from 273 hospitalized patients with mild and severe COVID-19 symptoms, including non-survivors. We identified depletion in STAT1-mediated type I interferon response, retinol metabolism and NRF2 antioxidant system that are associated with disease severity in our patient demography. We found that the dysregulation of glucocorticoid signaling and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 fatality. Hyperactivation of host innate immune system was observed in severe patients, marked by elevated proteins involved in neutrophil degranulation and platelet aggregation. Our study using high-throughput proteomics on the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients provides additional evidence on the SARS-CoV-2-induced pathophysiological signatures of disease severity and fatality.
Author Esau, Luke E.
Alsomali, Afrah
Pain, Arnab
Salunke, Rahul P.
Almontashiri, Naif
Ooi, Amanda
Magistretti, Pierre J.
Hala, Sharif
Subudhi, Amit K.
Ben-Rached, Fathia
Mfarrej, Sara
Hashem, Anwar M.
Alofi, Fadwa
Pugachev, Artyom
Alquthami, Khaled
Groen, Arnoud
Khogeer, Asim
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  givenname: Rahul P.
  surname: Salunke
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– sequence: 7
  givenname: Amit K.
  surname: Subudhi
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  givenname: Fathia
  surname: Ben-Rached
  fullname: Ben-Rached, Fathia
  organization: Bioscience Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Fadwa
  surname: Alofi
  fullname: Alofi, Fadwa
  organization: Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Afrah
  surname: Alsomali
  fullname: Alsomali, Afrah
  organization: Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Khaled
  surname: Alquthami
  fullname: Alquthami, Khaled
  organization: Infectious Diseases Medical Department, Al Noor Specialist Hospital
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Asim
  surname: Khogeer
  fullname: Khogeer, Asim
  organization: Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Anwar M.
  surname: Hashem
  fullname: Hashem, Anwar M.
  organization: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Naif
  surname: Almontashiri
  fullname: Almontashiri, Naif
  organization: College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Pierre J.
  surname: Magistretti
  fullname: Magistretti, Pierre J.
  organization: KAUST Smart Health Initiative (KSHI), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
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  givenname: Sharif
  surname: Hala
  fullname: Hala, Sharif
  organization: King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs
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  givenname: Arnab
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1755-2819
  surname: Pain
  fullname: Pain, Arnab
  email: arnab.pain@kaust.edu.sa
  organization: KAUST Smart Health Initiative (KSHI), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
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Keywords COVID-19 host nasopharynx/ innate immune system/ interferon signaling/ oxidative stress/ retinol metabolism
Language English
License The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission.
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Notes Competing Interest Statement: The authors have declared no competing interest.
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Snippet An aberrant innate immune system caused by the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a characteristic manifestation of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)....
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SubjectTerms Immunology
Title Proteome profiling of nasopharynx reveals pathophysiological signature of COVID-19 disease severity
URI https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.09.548285
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