Changes in the geographical distribution and abundance of the tick Ixodes ricinus during the past 30 years in Sweden
BACKGROUND: Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and Nort...
Saved in:
| Published in | Parasites & vectors Vol. 5; no. 1; p. 8 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Springer-Verlag
10.01.2012
BioMed Central Ltd BioMed Central BMC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. METHODS: A questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. RESULTS: Analyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66°N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60°N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Götaland) and Central Sweden. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus. Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama, at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s - especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high - by e.g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and lynx (Lynx lynx), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | BACKGROUND: Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. METHODS: A questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. RESULTS: Analyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66°N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60°N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Götaland) and Central Sweden. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus. Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama, at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s - especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high - by e.g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and lynx (Lynx lynx), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. A questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. Analyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66°N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60°N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Götaland) and Central Sweden. The results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus. Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama, at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s--especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high--by e.g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and lynx (Lynx lynx), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. A questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. Analyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66[degrees]N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60[degrees]N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Götaland) and Central Sweden. The results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus. Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama, at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s - especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high - by e.g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and lynx (Lynx lynx), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. Background Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. Methods A questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. Results Analyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66[degrees]N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60[degrees]N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Götaland) and Central Sweden. Conclusions The results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus. Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama, at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s - especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high - by e.g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and lynx (Lynx lynx), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. BACKGROUNDIxodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. METHODSA questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. RESULTSAnalyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66°N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60°N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Götaland) and Central Sweden. CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus. Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama, at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s--especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high--by e.g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and lynx (Lynx lynx), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. Background: Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. Methods: A questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. Results: Analyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66 degrees N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60 degrees N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Gotaland) and Central Sweden. Conclusions: The results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus. Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama, at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s - especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high by e. g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and lynx (Lynx lynx), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. Abstract Background Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. Methods A questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. Results Analyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66°N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60°N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Götaland) and Central Sweden. Conclusions The results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus. Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama, at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s - especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high - by e.g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and lynx (Lynx lynx), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. Doc number: 8 Abstract Background: Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other pathogens of humans and domesticated mammals. The results of a previous 1994 questionnaire, directed at people living in Central and North Sweden (Svealand and Norrland) and aiming to gather information about tick exposure for humans and domestic animals, suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks had become more widespread in Central Sweden and the southern part of North Sweden from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. To investigate whether the expansion of the tick's northern geographical range and the increasing abundance of ticks in Sweden were still occurring, in 2009 we performed a follow-up survey 16 years after the initial study. Methods: A questionnaire similar to the one used in the 1994 study was published in Swedish magazines aimed at dog owners, home owners, and hunters. The questionnaire was published together with a popular science article about the tick's biology and role as a pathogen vector in Sweden. The magazines were selected to get information from people familiar with ticks and who spend time in areas where ticks might be present. Results: Analyses of data from both surveys revealed that during the near 30-year period from the early 1980s to 2008, I. ricinus has expanded its distribution range northwards. In the early 1990s ticks were found in new areas along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea, while in the 2009 study, ticks were reported for the first time from many locations in North Sweden. This included locations as far north as 66°N and places in the interior part of North Sweden. During this 16-year period the tick's range in Sweden was estimated to have increased by 9.9%. Most of the range expansion occurred in North Sweden (north of 60°N) where the tick's coverage area doubled from 12.5% in the early 1990s to 26.8% in 2008. Moreover, according to the respondents, the abundance of ticks had increased markedly in LB- and TBE-endemic areas in South (Götaland) and Central Sweden. Conclusions: The results suggest that I. ricinus has expanded its range in North Sweden and has become distinctly more abundant in Central and South Sweden during the last three decades. However, in the northern mountain region I. ricinus is still absent. The increased abundance of the tick can be explained by two main factors: First, the high availability of large numbers of important tick maintenance hosts, i.e., cervids, particularly roe deer (Capreolus capreolus ) during the last three decades. Second, a warmer climate with milder winters and a prolonged growing season that permits greater survival and proliferation over a larger geographical area of both the tick itself and deer. High reproductive potential of roe deer, high tick infestation rate and the tendency of roe deer to disperse great distances may explain the range expansion of I. ricinus and particularly the appearance of new TBEV foci far away from old TBEV-endemic localities. The geographical presence of LB in Sweden corresponds to the distribution of I. ricinus . Thus, LB is now an emerging disease risk in many parts of North Sweden. Unless countermeasures are undertaken to keep the deer populations, particularly C. capreolus and Dama dama , at the relatively low levels that prevailed before the late 1970s - especially in and around urban areas where human population density is high - by e.g. reduced hunting of red fox (Vulpes vulpes ) and lynx (Lynx lynx ), the incidences of human LB and TBE are expected to continue to be high or even to increase in Sweden in coming decades. |
| ArticleNumber | 8 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Lindgren, Elisabet Eisen, Lars Jaenson, Thomas GT Petersson, Erik Jaenson, David GE |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Elisabet Lindgren, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden 3 Erik Petersson, Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA 1 Medical Entomology Unit, Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Medical Entomology Unit, Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden – name: 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA – name: 4 Elisabet Lindgren, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden – name: 3 Erik Petersson, Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Jaenson, Thomas GT – sequence: 2 fullname: Jaenson, David GE – sequence: 3 fullname: Eisen, Lars – sequence: 4 fullname: Petersson, Erik – sequence: 5 fullname: Lindgren, Elisabet |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22233771$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-166592$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:124363140$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
| BookMark | eNp1k01v1DAQhiNURNuFI1eI4ICQSLHjOHEuiKp8rVQJiVKu1vgjWbdZe7ET2v57nE1ZNUAVRXFmnnlnPB4fJnvWWZ0kTzE6wpiVb3FFy4wQRDOasQfJwe5_7856PzkM4QKhEtW0fJTs53lOSFXhg6Q_WYFtdUiNTfuVTlvtWg-blZHQpcqE3hsx9MbZFKxKQQxWgZU6dc0W7428TJfXTkUFb6SxQ0jV4I1tt-4NhD4lKL3R4Lcpzq600vZx8rCBLugnt99Fcv7p4_eTL9np18_Lk-PTTFQF6zOdU0lqVFSa5oxSVqqyZlgpWusiZ6QmguWUSQySFlIqAYKRpkG6qHPSCAlkkSwnXeXggm-8WYO_4Q4M3xqcbzn4uIVOc1EBUjEHVpUoCEJMEgXAaCFq0SiBo1Y9aYUrvRnETG3jneK39kszvjxojvOClAQXKMa-uTf2g_lxvK1kGDguSxprXyTvJjyya62ktr2Hbp5x5rFmxVv3ixOCMapJFHg_CQjj7hGYe6Rb83FY-DgsnHIWJV7d1uDdz0GHnq9NkLrrwGo3BF4XiBFa4zHZi7_ICzd4G8-V1wRTREg5du_lBLUQm21s42JeOUry43iUVVlUaKSO_kPFR-m1kXHuGxPts4DXs4DI9Pq6b2EIgS_Pvs3ZbGKldyF43ez6gREfr9I_HXh29xR29J-7E4HnE9CA49B6E_j5WY7iluP4sIph8htbsCQB |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_022_05410_8 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12985_021_01632_x crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms10020245 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_015_9879_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008686_2020_1764693 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijppaw_2012_11_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_virs_2023_02_001 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1948_7134_2013_12043_x crossref_primary_10_1093_pubmed_fdw017 crossref_primary_10_1111_ecog_06783 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens9050345 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2024_102341 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11250_018_1599_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_016_0030_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani13040720 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_01243_23 crossref_primary_10_1134_S0013873817070107 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2014_10_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2018_10_007 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0237191 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani10112031 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_14812 crossref_primary_10_1111_apm_12664 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mran_2018_12_001 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_017_2477_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_021_04758_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rvsc_2014_02_003 crossref_primary_10_15789_2220_7619_2016_1_25_32 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_6_271 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2019_01596 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12574 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_020_04259_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_012_9600_7 crossref_primary_10_2478_rrlm_2014_0021 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_6_117 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2019_07_006 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsbl_2022_0365 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_017_2261_y crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0081433 crossref_primary_10_1890_ES12_00134_1 crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofad656 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_021_04860_w crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_018_2967_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens11111234 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2023_102286 crossref_primary_10_58395_pipd_v50i1_82 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_6_362 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_6_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2014_05_003 crossref_primary_10_1051_parasite_2021019 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani10112179 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_7_179 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10096_021_04374_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_019_00381_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_016_1658_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2021_101682 crossref_primary_10_1134_S0013873821040084 crossref_primary_10_3390_insects11120863 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_016_0025_6 crossref_primary_10_1111_zph_12767 crossref_primary_10_14202_vetworld_2022_1975_1989 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_015_1046_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2021_790938 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pt_2016_04_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2014_07_021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2017_03_001 crossref_primary_10_1183_13993003_00477_2016 crossref_primary_10_1111_maq_12163 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_02034_22 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2014_07_022 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_reseneeco_2019_101119 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_90234_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_geb_13476 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijppaw_2014_12_001 crossref_primary_10_7183_2326_3768_3_4_351 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2020_101449 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10584_016_1816_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_016_1825_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12942_018_0163_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00436_022_07445_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2013_05_002 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_017_2478_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms11092252 crossref_primary_10_1089_vbz_2013_1569 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_5_125 crossref_primary_10_1002_wsb_657 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_020_04291_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2012_07_004 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_54496_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00436_022_07493_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_015_0649_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_015_0878_2 crossref_primary_10_31548_dopovidi2020_03_013 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12969_017_0166_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11756_021_00927_2 crossref_primary_10_1093_femsle_fnx244 crossref_primary_10_21307_PM_2018_57_3_251 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_12422 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_022_00688_w crossref_primary_10_1093_jme_tjv199 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2015_08_009 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_015_1021_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vascn_2023_107473 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00436_022_07556_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2013_09_003 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_021_05076_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_emi_2017_17 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0031182012000625 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_020_04369_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_jbi_12553 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_024_06175_y crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18126561 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19116516 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens11020143 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpara_2013_06_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vetpar_2013_04_007 crossref_primary_10_1111_aos_13884 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpara_2021_01_004 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani13030333 crossref_primary_10_1002_2688_8319_12294 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2015_10_011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vetpar_2017_07_033 crossref_primary_10_4269_ajtmh_15_0330 crossref_primary_10_1017_S1466252313000091 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens10111430 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2020_101416 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2017_02_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agee_2019_106626 crossref_primary_10_1890_130291 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_5_177 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2023_1252910 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_022_05316_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_7_102 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2015_12_029 crossref_primary_10_1128_CMR_00106_17 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph16081353 crossref_primary_10_3390_vetsci11020090 crossref_primary_10_2478_jvetres_2024_0033 crossref_primary_10_2807_1560_7917_ES_2024_29_2_2300221 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00436_015_4766_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecocom_2021_100967 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2020_101405 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_015_0967_2 crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_abe1110 crossref_primary_10_1089_vbz_2020_2763 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_021_04646_0 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0143875 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_021_00619_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph13121194 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_019_3596_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_018_3140_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph17062117 crossref_primary_10_1111_apm_12708 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_019_7613_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2020_564429 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani13020286 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_016_1808_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_7_11 crossref_primary_10_5194_bg_17_1821_2020 crossref_primary_10_1089_vbz_2015_1768 crossref_primary_10_3402_gha_v7_25287 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_34675_x crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2015_00061 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2023_1192038 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0189092 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmi_2017_05_029 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0233771 crossref_primary_10_2987_19_6849_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2022_102045 crossref_primary_10_1051_parasite_2024011 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_017_2375_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens13010081 crossref_primary_10_1111_mve_12612 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_017_2008_9 crossref_primary_10_2478_jvetres_2024_0015 crossref_primary_10_1096_fj_13_232140 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41597_020_00579_y crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_5_184 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_014_0526_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens10020095 crossref_primary_10_5195_ijms_2022_1464 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2019_01210 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2014_00251 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2017_10_018 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_018_3057_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2018_01_011 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_017_0160_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_48744_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaci_2020_05_034 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2014_0051 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2023_1104484 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2014_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0066380 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani11010006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2012_11_006 crossref_primary_10_1097_INF_0000000000003440 crossref_primary_10_2807_1560_7917_ES_2019_24_9_1800101 crossref_primary_10_2807_1560_7917_ES_2015_20_37_30020 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph16152799 crossref_primary_10_1186_1476_072X_13_21 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20032206 crossref_primary_10_1080_22221751_2019_1612279 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2018_00072 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pt_2015_09_004 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani13132118 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_smallrumres_2012_11_022 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_smallrumres_2016_03_005 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_023_05887_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2012_11_012 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2014_00073 crossref_primary_10_1093_jme_tjac001 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_019_7977_5 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_170841 crossref_primary_10_1111_mve_12101 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_28969_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_017_2112_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_019_3813_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_019_00342_y crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm11113026 crossref_primary_10_1089_vbz_2018_2277 crossref_primary_10_3201_eid2308_161273 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0292703 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0198286 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cimid_2023_101958 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2023_102244 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_7_245 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_15_00483_1 crossref_primary_10_1603_ME12245 crossref_primary_10_1089_vbz_2013_1383 crossref_primary_10_12968_coan_2018_23_3_130 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms4030028 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvec_12219 crossref_primary_10_1111_zph_12694 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12111371 crossref_primary_10_1289_EHP4615 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph182010963 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens10030361 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2023_102134 crossref_primary_10_3390_cli3040901 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph110403894 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph16224532 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2023_102252 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008686_2023_2281055 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10493_018_0299_y crossref_primary_10_1038_s41426_018_0188_9 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_14709 crossref_primary_10_1111_mve_12009 crossref_primary_10_1128_AEM_00609_17 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph17155387 crossref_primary_10_1590_1678_4162_12147 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2222_1808_14_60725_8 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1093/jmedent/33.4.592 10.1089/vbz.2009.0022 10.1017/S0950268809990367 10.1023/A:1018473122070 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00734.x 10.1080/003655400458857 10.1371/journal.pone.0004336 10.1093/jmedent/35.4.521 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.008 10.1089/vbz.2009.0020 10.1186/1756-3305-4-84 10.1093/jmedent/35.4.446 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.10.006 10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1 10.1289/ehp.00108119 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02004.x 10.1017/S0950268807000039 10.1007/978-1-4899-4473-3 10.1175/1520-0477-92.6.S1 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05250-8 10.3109/00365549509047074 10.1186/1751-0147-52-59 10.1007/s10493-004-1991-7 10.1093/jmedent/29.5.813 10.1093/jmedent/31.2.240 10.1890/03-0038 10.2307/3564868 10.1093/jmedent/30.6.1043 10.1093/jmedent/29.6.915 10.1098/rspb.2008.1681 10.1038/nature09575 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00813.x 10.1016/j.ijmm.2006.02.007 10.1093/jmedent/33.5.805 10.1002/9780470377000.ch5 10.1128/AEM.61.8.3082-3087.1995 10.1038/nrmicro2336 10.1002/rmv.566 10.5751/ES-00037-020105 10.1098/rspb.2009.1159 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2012 BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Jaenson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright ©2012 Jaenson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Jaenson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2012 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2012 Jaenson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. – notice: Copyright ©2012 Jaenson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Jaenson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
| DBID | FBQ CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION ISR 3V. 7SN 7SS 7X7 7XB 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR C1K CCPQU DWQXO F1W FYUFA GHDGH H95 K9. L.G M0S M1P M7N PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM ADTPV AOWAS DF2 D8T ZZAVC DOA |
| DOI | 10.1186/1756-3305-5-8 |
| DatabaseName | AGRIS Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef Science in Context ProQuest Central (Corporate) Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Publicly Available Content (ProQuest) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) SwePub SwePub Articles SWEPUB Uppsala universitet SWEPUB Freely available online SwePub Articles full text DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Entomology Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database – sequence: 5 dbid: FBQ name: AGRIS url: http://www.fao.org/agris/Centre.asp?Menu_1ID=DB&Menu_2ID=DB1&Language=EN&Content=http://www.fao.org/agris/search?Language=EN sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Zoology Geography |
| EISSN | 1756-3305 |
| EndPage | 8 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_b7a0d5581d7b43008c3daa854b9bfdb1 oai_prod_swepub_kib_ki_se_124363140 oai_DiVA_org_uu_166592 oai_biomedcentral_com_1756_3305_5_8 2614971761 A283764701 10_1186_1756_3305_5_8 22233771 US201500088781 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Sweden Baltic Sea |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Baltic Sea – name: Sweden |
| GroupedDBID | --- -56 -5G -A0 -BR 123 29O 2VQ 2WC 2XV 3V. 4.4 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ ABDBF ABPTK ABUWG ABVAZ ACGFS ACIHN ACPRK ACRMQ ADBBV ADINQ ADRAZ AEAQA AENEX AFGXO AFKRA AFNRJ AFPKN AFRAH AHBYD AHMBA AHSBF AHYZX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMTXH AOIJS BAPOH BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BFQNJ BMC BPHCQ BVXVI C24 C6C CCPQU CS3 DIK DU5 E3Z EBD EBS ECGQY EJD EMOBN ESX F5P FBQ FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 H13 HMCUK HYE IAO INH INR IPNFZ ISR ITC KQ8 M1P M48 M~E O5R O5S OK1 PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RBZ RIG RNS ROL RPM RSV SBL SOJ SV3 TR2 TUS UKHRP ~8M 0R~ ADUKV ALIPV CGR CUY CVF EBLON ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7SN 7SS 7XB 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO F1W H95 K9. L.G M7N PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM ADTPV AOWAS DF2 D8T ZZAVC |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-b748t-e25c39047e5285586d6981dd59e428393b8258c1ac54ccdbab83ff0e4923fbca3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RPM |
| ISSN | 1756-3305 |
| IngestDate | Tue Oct 22 15:15:01 EDT 2024 Wed Oct 30 04:41:03 EDT 2024 Thu Oct 31 04:21:23 EDT 2024 Tue Sep 17 21:09:12 EDT 2024 Wed May 22 07:15:54 EDT 2024 Fri Oct 25 03:54:11 EDT 2024 Thu Oct 10 22:18:11 EDT 2024 Tue Nov 19 21:32:06 EST 2024 Tue Nov 12 23:35:33 EST 2024 Sat Sep 28 21:23:09 EDT 2024 Fri Dec 06 01:11:43 EST 2024 Sat Sep 28 07:59:13 EDT 2024 Wed Dec 27 19:07:56 EST 2023 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-b748t-e25c39047e5285586d6981dd59e428393b8258c1ac54ccdbab83ff0e4923fbca3 |
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-8 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311093/ |
| PMID | 22233771 |
| PQID | 931503361 |
| PQPubID | 55241 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b7a0d5581d7b43008c3daa854b9bfdb1 swepub_primary_oai_prod_swepub_kib_ki_se_124363140 swepub_primary_oai_DiVA_org_uu_166592 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3311093 biomedcentral_primary_oai_biomedcentral_com_1756_3305_5_8 proquest_miscellaneous_940835913 proquest_journals_931503361 gale_infotracmisc_A283764701 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A283764701 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A283764701 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_5_8 pubmed_primary_22233771 fao_agris_US201500088781 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2012-01-10 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2012-01-10 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2012 text: 2012-01-10 day: 10 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England – name: London |
| PublicationTitle | Parasites & vectors |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Parasit Vectors |
| PublicationYear | 2012 |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag BioMed Central Ltd BioMed Central BMC |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Springer-Verlag – name: BioMed Central Ltd – name: BioMed Central – name: BMC |
| References | 1460628 - J Med Entomol. 1992 Nov;29(6):915-20 21124449 - Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):647-52 1404260 - J Med Entomol. 1992 Sep;29(5):813-7 8699453 - J Med Entomol. 1996 Jul;33(4):592-7 19324811 - Proc Biol Sci. 2009 Apr 22;276(1661):1415-20 19492952 - Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2010 Apr;10(3):223-30 8840687 - J Med Entomol. 1996 Sep;33(5):805-11 9701939 - J Med Entomol. 1998 Jul;35(4):521-6 9701926 - J Med Entomol. 1998 Jul;35(4):446-57 19712153 - Med Vet Entomol. 2009 Sep;23(3):226-37 10656851 - Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Feb;108(2):119-23 8189415 - J Med Entomol. 1994 Mar;31(2):240-56 11454371 - Lancet. 2001 Jul 7;358(9275):16-8 21968422 - Euro Surveill. 2011;16(39). pii: 19981 8685640 - Scand J Infect Dis. 1995;27(6):597-601 21794218 - Euro Surveill. 2011;16(27). pii: 19906 16545603 - Int J Med Microbiol. 2006 May;296 Suppl 40:48-53 19857523 - Antiviral Res. 2010 Feb;85(2):328-45 18816272 - Med Vet Entomol. 2008 Sep;22(3):238-47 19183811 - PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4336 21595949 - Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:84 21771536 - Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2011 Mar;2(1):44-9 8271246 - J Med Entomol. 1993 Nov;30(6):1043-9 20534008 - Med Vet Entomol. 2010 Sep;24(3):220-6 21054890 - Acta Vet Scand. 2010;52:59 11055662 - Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32(5):545-50 19692412 - Proc Biol Sci. 2009 Nov 22;276(1675):3911-9 18081949 - Epidemiol Infect. 2008 Oct;136(10):1416-24 3807483 - Lakartidningen. 1986 Nov 19;83(47):3987-9 15859176 - Cent Eur J Public Health. 2005 Mar;13(1):24-8 19650729 - Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009 Aug;9(4):357-64 7487041 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Aug;61(8):3082-7 9423270 - Exp Appl Acarol. 1997 Dec;21(12):755-71 15777006 - Exp Appl Acarol. 2005;35(1-2):131-46 19580695 - Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Feb;138(2):214-25 18183571 - Rev Med Virol. 2008 Mar-Apr;18(2):81-95 20372156 - Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;8(5):361-71 529_CR36 CK Williams (529_CR42) 2003; 84 JS Gray (529_CR48) 1992; 29 E Lindgren (529_CR9) 2001; 358 BJ Anderson (529_CR41) 2009; 276 TG Jaenson (529_CR39) 2009; 23 SE Randolph (529_CR10) 2010; 8 V Danielova (529_CR21) 2010; 10 S Siegel (529_CR34) 1988 L Talleklint (529_CR29) 1996; 33 D Fish (529_CR50) 2009; 9 L Talleklint (529_CR51) 1997; 21 P Gale (529_CR6) 2010; 138 A Rizzoli (529_CR58) 2009; 4 L Talleklint (529_CR14) 1998; 35 JS Gray (529_CR37) 1991; 79 L Talleklint (529_CR30) 1996; 33 G Cederlund (529_CR16) 1995 ADM Dobson (529_CR38) 2011; 48 V Kjelland (529_CR46) 2010; 52 IPCC (529_CR60) 2007 P Brinck (529_CR44) 1965; 16 PM Jensen (529_CR22) 2000; 32 J Materna (529_CR20) 2005; 13 S Jore (529_CR25) 2011; 4 PM Jensen (529_CR23) 2005; 35 529_CR15 529_CR54 529_CR55 529_CR12 E Lindgren (529_CR26) 2000; 108 529_CR56 A Rizzoli (529_CR1) 2011 TG Jaenson (529_CR13) 1994; 31 529_CR19 ML Wilson (529_CR49) 1998; 35 F Keesing (529_CR52) 2010; 468 TJ Daniels (529_CR47) 1993; 30 M Hollander (529_CR35) 1973 D Polit (529_CR32) 1996 V Danielova (529_CR43) 2006; 296 B Jensen (529_CR18) 2004 E Lindgren (529_CR8) 1998; 2 G Carpi (529_CR59) 2008; 136 F Keesing (529_CR40) 2009; 276 R Gustafson (529_CR27) 1995; 27 B Hederstedt (529_CR28) 1986; 83 S Bornstein (529_CR17) 2001 B Olsen (529_CR45) 1995; 61 P Green (529_CR31) 1994 TGT Jaenson (529_CR53) 1992; 29 TG Jaenson (529_CR7) 2011; 2 A Lundkvist (529_CR2) 2011 D Sumilo (529_CR11) 2008; 18 529_CR3 529_CR4 F Nazzi (529_CR57) 2010; 24 SC Weaver (529_CR62) 2010; 85 FE Harrell Jr (529_CR33) 2001 J Blunden (529_CR5) 2010; 92 JP Scharlemann (529_CR24) 2008; 22 AD Wramneby (529_CR61) 2010 |
| References_xml | – volume: 33 start-page: 592 year: 1996 ident: 529_CR29 publication-title: J Med Entomol doi: 10.1093/jmedent/33.4.592 contributor: fullname: L Talleklint – ident: 529_CR55 – volume: 9 start-page: 357 year: 2009 ident: 529_CR50 publication-title: Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis doi: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0022 contributor: fullname: D Fish – volume: 138 start-page: 214 year: 2010 ident: 529_CR6 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268809990367 contributor: fullname: P Gale – ident: 529_CR36 – volume: 21 start-page: 755 year: 1997 ident: 529_CR51 publication-title: Exp Appl Acarol doi: 10.1023/A:1018473122070 contributor: fullname: L Talleklint – volume: 22 start-page: 238 year: 2008 ident: 529_CR24 publication-title: Med Vet Entomol doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00734.x contributor: fullname: JP Scharlemann – volume: 32 start-page: 545 year: 2000 ident: 529_CR22 publication-title: Scand J Infect Dis doi: 10.1080/003655400458857 contributor: fullname: PM Jensen – volume: 4 start-page: e4336 year: 2009 ident: 529_CR58 publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004336 contributor: fullname: A Rizzoli – volume-title: Nonparametric Statistical Methods year: 1973 ident: 529_CR35 contributor: fullname: M Hollander – volume: 35 start-page: 521 year: 1998 ident: 529_CR14 publication-title: J Med Entomol doi: 10.1093/jmedent/35.4.521 contributor: fullname: L Talleklint – volume: 85 start-page: 328 year: 2010 ident: 529_CR62 publication-title: Antiviral Res doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.008 contributor: fullname: SC Weaver – volume: 10 start-page: 223 year: 2010 ident: 529_CR21 publication-title: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis doi: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0020 contributor: fullname: V Danielova – ident: 529_CR12 – volume: 4 start-page: 84 year: 2011 ident: 529_CR25 publication-title: Parasit Vectors doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-84 contributor: fullname: S Jore – ident: 529_CR56 – volume: 35 start-page: 446 year: 1998 ident: 529_CR49 publication-title: J Med Entomol doi: 10.1093/jmedent/35.4.446 contributor: fullname: ML Wilson – volume: 2 start-page: 44 year: 2011 ident: 529_CR7 publication-title: Ticks Tick Borne Dis doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.10.006 contributor: fullname: TG Jaenson – volume-title: Regression Modelling Strategies with Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis year: 2001 ident: 529_CR33 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1 contributor: fullname: FE Harrell Jr – volume: 13 start-page: 24 year: 2005 ident: 529_CR20 publication-title: Cent Eur J Public Health contributor: fullname: J Materna – volume-title: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change year: 2007 ident: 529_CR60 contributor: fullname: IPCC – volume: 108 start-page: 119 year: 2000 ident: 529_CR26 publication-title: Environ Health Perspect doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108119 contributor: fullname: E Lindgren – volume-title: Euro Surveill year: 2011 ident: 529_CR2 contributor: fullname: A Lundkvist – ident: 529_CR19 – volume-title: The role of vegetation-climate feedbacks in regional earth system dynamics year: 2010 ident: 529_CR61 contributor: fullname: AD Wramneby – ident: 529_CR15 – volume: 48 start-page: 1029 year: 2011 ident: 529_CR38 publication-title: J Appl Ecology doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02004.x contributor: fullname: ADM Dobson – volume: 136 start-page: 1416 year: 2008 ident: 529_CR59 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268807000039 contributor: fullname: G Carpi – volume-title: Nonparametric Regression and Generalized Linear Models year: 1994 ident: 529_CR31 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-4473-3 contributor: fullname: P Green – volume: 92 start-page: S1 year: 2010 ident: 529_CR5 publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society doi: 10.1175/1520-0477-92.6.S1 contributor: fullname: J Blunden – volume-title: Data Analysis and Statistics for Nursing Research year: 1996 ident: 529_CR32 contributor: fullname: D Polit – volume-title: Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences year: 1988 ident: 529_CR34 contributor: fullname: S Siegel – volume: 358 start-page: 16 year: 2001 ident: 529_CR9 publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05250-8 contributor: fullname: E Lindgren – volume: 27 start-page: 597 year: 1995 ident: 529_CR27 publication-title: Scand J Infect Dis doi: 10.3109/00365549509047074 contributor: fullname: R Gustafson – volume-title: Viltet, ekologin och jakten. [The Roe Deer. Wildlife, Ecology and Hunting year: 1995 ident: 529_CR16 contributor: fullname: G Cederlund – ident: 529_CR3 – volume: 52 start-page: 59 year: 2010 ident: 529_CR46 publication-title: Acta Vet Scand doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-59 contributor: fullname: V Kjelland – volume: 35 start-page: 131 year: 2005 ident: 529_CR23 publication-title: Exp Appl Acarol doi: 10.1007/s10493-004-1991-7 contributor: fullname: PM Jensen – volume: 29 start-page: 813 year: 1992 ident: 529_CR53 publication-title: J Med Entomol doi: 10.1093/jmedent/29.5.813 contributor: fullname: TGT Jaenson – volume: 31 start-page: 240 year: 1994 ident: 529_CR13 publication-title: J Med Entomol doi: 10.1093/jmedent/31.2.240 contributor: fullname: TG Jaenson – volume: 24 start-page: 220 year: 2010 ident: 529_CR57 publication-title: Med Vet Entomol contributor: fullname: F Nazzi – volume: 83 start-page: 3987 year: 1986 ident: 529_CR28 publication-title: Lakartidningen contributor: fullname: B Hederstedt – volume: 84 start-page: 2654 year: 2003 ident: 529_CR42 publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.1890/03-0038 contributor: fullname: CK Williams – volume: 16 start-page: 88 year: 1965 ident: 529_CR44 publication-title: Oikos doi: 10.2307/3564868 contributor: fullname: P Brinck – volume: 30 start-page: 1043 year: 1993 ident: 529_CR47 publication-title: J Med Entomol doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.6.1043 contributor: fullname: TJ Daniels – volume: 79 start-page: 323 year: 1991 ident: 529_CR37 publication-title: Rev Med Vet Entomol contributor: fullname: JS Gray – volume-title: Euro Surveill year: 2011 ident: 529_CR1 contributor: fullname: A Rizzoli – volume-title: Nordens Däggdjur [The Mammals of North Europe] year: 2004 ident: 529_CR18 contributor: fullname: B Jensen – ident: 529_CR54 – volume: 29 start-page: 915 year: 1992 ident: 529_CR48 publication-title: J Med Entomol doi: 10.1093/jmedent/29.6.915 contributor: fullname: JS Gray – ident: 529_CR4 – volume: 276 start-page: 1415 year: 2009 ident: 529_CR41 publication-title: Proc Biol Sci doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1681 contributor: fullname: BJ Anderson – volume: 468 start-page: 647 year: 2010 ident: 529_CR52 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature09575 contributor: fullname: F Keesing – volume: 23 start-page: 226 year: 2009 ident: 529_CR39 publication-title: Med Vet Entomol doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00813.x contributor: fullname: TG Jaenson – volume: 296 start-page: 48 issue: Suppl 40 year: 2006 ident: 529_CR43 publication-title: Int J Med Microbiol doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2006.02.007 contributor: fullname: V Danielova – volume: 33 start-page: 805 year: 1996 ident: 529_CR30 publication-title: J Med Entomol doi: 10.1093/jmedent/33.5.805 contributor: fullname: L Talleklint – start-page: 107 volume-title: Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals year: 2001 ident: 529_CR17 doi: 10.1002/9780470377000.ch5 contributor: fullname: S Bornstein – volume: 61 start-page: 3082 year: 1995 ident: 529_CR45 publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol doi: 10.1128/AEM.61.8.3082-3087.1995 contributor: fullname: B Olsen – volume: 8 start-page: 361 year: 2010 ident: 529_CR10 publication-title: Nat Rev Microbiol doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2336 contributor: fullname: SE Randolph – volume: 18 start-page: 81 year: 2008 ident: 529_CR11 publication-title: Rev Med Virol doi: 10.1002/rmv.566 contributor: fullname: D Sumilo – volume: 2 start-page: 5 year: 1998 ident: 529_CR8 publication-title: Conservation Ecology [online] doi: 10.5751/ES-00037-020105 contributor: fullname: E Lindgren – volume: 276 start-page: 3911 year: 2009 ident: 529_CR40 publication-title: Proc Biol Sci doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1159 contributor: fullname: F Keesing |
| SSID | ssj0060956 |
| Score | 2.501277 |
| Snippet | BACKGROUND: Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and... Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other... Background Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and... Doc number: 8 Abstract Background: Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne... BACKGROUNDIxodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and... Background: Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and... Abstract Background Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of human-pathogenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes, the tick-borne encephalitis virus... |
| SourceID | doaj swepub pubmedcentral biomedcentral proquest gale crossref pubmed fao |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 8 |
| SubjectTerms | Animal populations Animals Arachnids Biologi med inriktning mot systematik Biology with specialization in Systematics Capreolus capreolus Cervus dama climate coasts Colleges & universities Control deer Distribution dogs emerging diseases Entomologi Entomology Environmental health Epidemiologi Epidemiology Evolutionary biology Field study Fästing geographical distribution Geography growing season Health aspects homeowners hosts human population Humans Infectious Diseases Infektionssjukdomar Ixodes Ixodes - growth & development Ixodes ricinus Ixodes scapularis Lyme disease Lynx Medicin och hälsovetenskap Mortality pathogens Phylogeography population density Questionnaires risk Spirochaetales surveys Surveys and Questionnaires Sweden Tick tick infestations Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne encephalitis virus ticks urban areas Vulpes vulpes |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: BiomedCentral dbid: RBZ link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELagCIkLKs8uLchCPE4RThwn9nELVC0SHLosqnqx7NhZVq2SqtmI8u-ZcbILXrhx2Etmxqt4xuOZeOYzIa8ERBXSijqR1pokl75OVI4LT4jMe8tEFopoPn8pjuf5pzNx9hskaesEP5XFO9jfigSybpGIRN4mdyBf4JhlnR6er10ugqaFNqI16xpMc1t8q6v9MtqMAmY_bDG1af_2z39sUNvFkxHEaNiWjnbJ_TGepNPBAB6QW755SO6et-Fr-SOyGroHOrpsKIR6dDHceY71F5fUIWjueN8VNY2jxmJfCJgBbevADoNe0JOb1sEI13gG33d0aGwM5CvTrShn9Ccsl_AXsx8e_NhjMj_6-PX9cTJetJDYMperxGei4orlpRcZKEkWrlAQxzqhPOKxKW4hj5RVaiqRV5Wzxkpe18wjuFttK8OfkJ2mbfweoaWyWW65cXiBh3HCsJo5xTJXQiosUzYhKtKAvhpANTTCXMcUWHEatadRe1poOSFv1traiIUcRhbbjIeoy2js8ADsSo8rUtvSMAcvm7rS5hxCoYo7Y6TIrbK1s-mE7IElaLMAZ6vnsww_DTH0yRJIL9E8NOJnNFigszB91-mT2ameIppQkZcMmN6OTHUL71OZsd8B5gkhtyLOg4gTFngVkffXVqhHB9NpxVM8gC6ASjdUFMSauca3PbDkGF6rlE_I08FkNxOCQSEvSxAuI2OOZiymNMvvAXycc8SohTFfD2YfiXxYfpuGSe57nRZ4Yj8h2T_4MDjQ4_OLJf505zWEmrzgkPE_-w8j2Sf3QFVYbgQRxgHZWV33_jnEjSv7IviMX-LqaSQ priority: 500 providerName: BioMedCentral – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZQJSQuiHeXFmQhHqeoTmwnznF5VC0SHFgWVVwsO3a2q1ZJ1SQC_j0zTnZVL0hcOOTiGTuKZzyeiWc-E_JSglehrKwTZa1JhPJ1UgpceFJm3lsms5BE8-lzfrIUH8_k2Y2rvjAnbIQHHifuyBaGOSnBrSqs4LBjVdwZo6Swpa2dHQMflm2CqdEGI4paqCsqZJ5AxC436JoqP9q2JTJRO2Xul9HuFED8Yc-pTfunwb6xY-1mU0aYo2GfOr5H7k4OJp2PH3af3PLNA3L7ext-nz8k_VhO0NF1Q8H3o6vxEnRMyLikDlF0pwuwqGkcNRYLRUAvaFsHdhj0gp7-bB2McI2H8kNHx0rHQL4yXU85o79g_YRXLH54MGyPyPL4w9d3J8l080JiC6H6xGey4iUThZcZSE3lLi9BAk6WHgHaSm4hsFRVaiopqspZYxWva-YR7a22leGPyV7TNn6f0KK0mbDcOLzRwzhpWM1cyTJXQGysUjYjZSQBfTWibGjEvY4psAQ1Sk-j9LTUakZeb6S17RaCGpXvMr5FWUZjhwbQND1pmv6Xps3IPmiCNiuwvnq5yPBfEUMjrYD0AtVDI6BGgxk7KzN0nT5dfNFzhBfKRcGA6c3EVLfwPZWZCiBgnhCDK-I8jDhhxVcR-WCjhXqyOJ0ueYon0jlQ6ZaKHTGJrvHtACwC_e0y5TPyZFTZ7YSgl8iLAjoXkTJHMxZTmvV5QCPnHEFrYcxXo9pHXd6vv83DJA-DTnM8wp-R7C986C3oqf1ijY_uvAbfk-c8Fezp_5DfAbkDMsNEJPA9Dslefz34Z-BR9vZ5MB6_AdFgclo priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3db9MwELegExIviO-VDWQhPp6iJXGcOE-og00bEhNaKZp4sezY6apNSWkaAf89d45b4YF46Evu7Mq-8_nOPv-OkFccvAqheR0JrVWUCVtHZYYLj_PUWh3z1CXRfDrLT2bZxwt-4XNzOp9WubGJzlCbtsIz8oOSJXjjlifvlt8jLBqFl6u-gsZtspMmTIgR2Tk8Ovt8vjHFCKaWb4A1RX4AW2UeQQDPIx6JGy_cr4ONyeH3w3ZTq_ZvW_3HZnUzkTKAG3Vb1PF9cs_7lnQyKMMDcss2D8mdb607OX9E1sNLgo4uGgpuH50P9c8xF-OaGgTQ9bWvqGoMVRrfiIBK0LZ27NDpFT392RroYYX38X1Hh0eOjrxU3ZqymP6CpeP-YvrDgk17TGbHR1_en0S-6EKki0ysI5vyipVxVliegsBEbvISfFrDS4vYbCXTEFOKKlEVz6rKaKUFq-vYItBbrSvFnpBR0zZ2l9Ci1GmmmTJYzEMZruI6NmWcmgLCYpHEY1IGEpDLAWBDIuR1SAFNkCg9idKTXIoxebOR1raZi2dEfpPxEGUZ9O0-tKu59KtT6kLFBgabmEJnDNyiihmlBM90qWujkzHZBU2Qag6GV86mKR4TxWifBZBeonpIxNJoMFlnrvquk6fTczlBZKE8K2JgeuuZ6hbGUyn_9gHmCeG3As79gBMWexWQ9zZaKL2x6eR2aYwJ3VKxIebPNbbtgSVDV7tM2Jg8HVR2OyHoILKigMZFoMzBjIWUZnHpgMgZQ7xa6PP1oPZBkw-LrxM3yX0vkxxv78ck_QcfOgrSf79a4E92VoLbyXIG0f-z_454j9wFYWByEfgT-2S0XvX2OXiJa_3C24LffihoOg priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Scholars Portal Open Access Journals dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwELagCIkL4t2lBVmIxyngxHbiHBBaHlWLVA4siyoulh0721VXSdlsRPvvmXGyC1l64rCXzIxX8Tw8jmc-E_JcQlahrCwjZa2JhPJllAt0PCkT7y2TSSiiOf6SHk7F5xN58gdSqJ_A5sqtHd4nNV0uXl_8vHwHDv82OLxK38AKmEawL5eRjNR1ciOBRRGru47F5kABYdVCo9GadQ23uS2-1fe-GCxXAdUfFqHS1P9G8L-WsO3yygEIaVi4Du6Q233GScedidwl13x1j9z8UYfv6ffJqusvaOi8opAM0ll3KzpWaCyoQ1jd_kYsaipHjcXOETAUWpeBHQY9o0cXtYMRlnhK3za0a30M5HPTrChn9BIcKvzF5JeHSPeATA8-fftwGPVXMUQ2E2oV-UQWPGci8zIBNarUpTlkuk7mHhHbcm5hp6mK2BRSFIWzxipelswj_FtpC8Mfkp2qrvwuoVluE2G5cXjFh3HSsJK5nCUug82yitmI5AMN6PMOdkMjEPaQAj6pUXsataelViPycq2tjVjY5ah0m_E96nIwdnhQL2e691ltM8McvGzsMis4JEsFd8YoKWxuS2fjEdkFS9BmBuFYTycJfjxiGLUVkJ6heWhE2KiwhGdm2qbRR5Oveox4Q6nIGDC96pnKGt6nMH1HBMwTgnINOPcHnBACigF5b22Feu1BOucxHlGnQKUbKgpiVV3l6xZYBCbgecxH5FFnspsJwbSRZxkIZwNjHszYkFLNTwM8OeeIYgtjvujMfiDycf59HCa5bXWc4pn-iCRX8GH6oPvnZ3P86cZrSEZ5ymPBHv-P0B65BTrCSiRIPvbJzmrZ-ieQUq7s0xAsfgO4L3Q1 priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal |
| Title | Changes in the geographical distribution and abundance of the tick Ixodes ricinus during the past 30 years in Sweden |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22233771 https://www.proquest.com/docview/931503361 https://search.proquest.com/docview/940835913 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3311093 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-166592 http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:124363140 https://doaj.org/article/b7a0d5581d7b43008c3daa854b9bfdb1 |
| Volume | 5 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3dT9swELeAadJepn2TwSpr2sdTaBLHifNYGAiQQIiOCfFi2bHTVZQEkVbb_vvdOQma2Z720FTKXdzG9-nk7mdCPnDIKoTmVSi0VmEqbBUWKRoe54m1OuKJK6I5Oc0OL9LjS365RvjQC-OK9ks936kXNzv1_Lurrby9KcdDndj47GSPMcTJZON1sg7hd1iid-4XAdSyAUxTZGMIj1kIi3Ye8hA358N4yHLsmPca3BdeXHLw_RBtKtX87ar_iFUP6yg9tFEXoQ6ekad9akkn3S08J2u2fkEeXzXuwflLsuwaCVo6rylkfXTWbX-OpRgLahA_t9_6iqraUKWxRQQ0gjaVY4dBr-nRz8bACHf4On7V0q7H0ZFvVbukLKK_wHLcT0x_WHBpr8jFwf7XvcOw33Mh1HkqlqFNeMmKKM0tT0BeIjNZASmt4YVFaLaCaVhSijJWJU_L0milBauqyCLOW6VLxV6Tjbqp7SaheaGTVDNlcC8PZbiKqsgUUWJyWBWLOApI4UlA3nb4GhIRr30KGJ9EQUoUpORSBOTTIK37y9xyRmQPGXdRlt7Y7kRzN5O9Tkmdq8jAzcYm1ymDrKhkRinBU13oyug4IJugCVLNwO_Ki2mCT4kidM8CSO9RPSRCadRYqzNTq7aVR9NzOUFgoSzNI2D63DNVDdxPqfrWB5gnRN_yOLc9TrD10iNvDVooe1_TyoLF-C46Ayq9p-KFWD5X22YFLClm2kXMAvKmU9n7CRnsISC5p8zejPkUMEuHQ96bYUA-dmrvXfJl_m3iJnm1knGGL-8DkvyDD_ME2Z-_nuNHtlZC1skyBov_t__9t7bIExAU1h1BqrFNNpZ3K_sOEsilHoHbuMxH5NFkcjw9hu_d_dOz85F7HAPHk1TA8Xz3auQcy29yjHcQ |
| link.rule.ids | 108,230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2221,12056,21388,24318,24937,27924,27925,31719,31720,33744,33745,43310,43805,53791,53793,75811,75812 |
| linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3db9MwELegE4IXxPfCBliIj6doSRwnzhPqYFMLW4XWFU28WHbslGpTUppGwH_PnZNWZCAe-pI7u7LvfL6zz78j5BUHr0JoXvhCa-XHwhZ-FuPC4zyyVgc8ckk0p5NkNIs_XvCLLjen7tIqNzbRGWpT5XhGfpCxEG_ckvDd8ruPRaPwcrWroHGT7CBwOh-QncOjyeezjSlGMLVkA6wpkgPYKhMfAnjuc19ce-F-1duYHH4_bDeFqv621X9sVtcTKXtwo26LOr5H7na-JR22ynCf3LDlA3Lra-VOzh-SdfuSoKaLkoLbR-dt_XPMxbiiBgF0u9pXVJWGKo1vREAlaFU4duj0ko5_VgZ6WOF9fFPT9pGjIy9VvaYsoL9g6bi_mP6wYNMekdnx0fn7kd8VXfB1Gou1byOesyyIU8sjEJhITJKBT2t4ZhGbLWMaYkqRhyrncZ4brbRgRRFYBHordK7YYzIoq9LuEppmOoo1UwaLeSjDVVAEJgsik0JYLMLAI1lPAnLZAmxIhLzuU0ATJEpPovQkl8IjbzbS2jZz8YxIrjMeoix7fbsP1Wouu9UpdaoCA4MNTapjBm5RzoxSgsc604XRoUd2QROkmoPhlbNphMdEAdpnAaSXqB4SsTRKTNaZq6au5Xh6JoeILJTEaQBMbzumooLx5Kp7-wDzhPBbPc79Hics9rxH3ttooeyMTS23S8MjdEvFhpg_V9qqAZYYXe0sZB550qrsdkLQQWRpCo3TnjL3ZqxPKRffHBA5Y4hXC32-btW-1-TD4svQTXLTyDDB23uPRP_gQ0dBdt8vF_iTtZXgdrKEQfT_9L8jfkFuj85PT-TJePJpj9wBwWCiEfgW-2SwXjX2GXiMa_28swu_AXivayI |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3db9MwELdgCMQL4nthAyzEx1PWJI4T57FsVCuwaaIUTbxYduyUaltSLa2A_547J63mwRMPfcmd3dj34XN89zMhrzlEFULzKhRaqzAVtgqLFA2P88RaHfHEJdEcHWeH0_TjKT-9ctWXS9ov9XyvPr_Yq-c_XG7l4qIcrPPEBidH-4whTiYbLEw1uElucQZKtt6od04YYdSyNaSmyAawSGYhbN15yEO8og9XRZZj3bxX5n7urU4OxB_WnEo1fzvsKyvW9WxKD3PUrVOj--ReH2DSYTeQB-SGrR-S298b9_n8EVl25QQtndcUYj866y5Bx4SMc2oQRbe_AIuq2lClsVAE9II2lWOHTs_o-FdjoIdLPJRftbSrdHTkhWqXlEX0N9iP-4vJTwuO7TGZjj583T8M-5sXQp2nYhnahJesiNLc8gSkJjKTFRDYGl5YBGgrmIaNpShjVfK0LI1WWrCqiiyivVW6VOwJ2aqb2m4Tmhc6STVTBm_0UIarqIpMESUmh72xiKOAFJ4E5KJD2ZCIe-1TwAQlClKiICWXIiBv19LaNHObGpFdZ3yPsvT6dg-ay5nsNUvqXEUGBhubXKcMYqOSGaUET3WhK6PjgGyDJkg1A-8rp5MEvxVF6KQFkF6hekgE1KgxY2emVm0rx5MvcojwQlmaR8D0rmeqGhhPqfoCCJgnxODyOHc9TrD40iPvrLVQ9h6nlQWL8UQ6AyrdULEhJtHVtlkBS4rxdhGzgDztVHYzIWt7CEjuKbM3Yz4FjNOhkffGGJA3ndp7TQ7m34ZuklcrGWd4hB-Q5B98GC3I_vnZHH-ytRJiT5axOI2e_fdrvSR3Tg5G8vP4-NMOuQsyw0QkiD12ydbycmWfQ0S51C-c7_gD-Lx0jQ |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Changes+in+the+geographical+distribution+and+abundance+of+the+tick+Ixodes+ricinus+during+the+past+30+years+in+Sweden&rft.jtitle=Parasites+%26+vectors&rft.au=Jaenson%2C+TGT&rft.au=Jaenson%2C+DGE&rft.au=Eisen%2C+L&rft.au=Petersson%2C+E&rft.date=2012-01-10&rft.issn=1756-3305&rft.eissn=1756-3305&rft.volume=5&rft.spage=8&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1756-3305-5-8&rft.externalDocID=oai_prod_swepub_kib_ki_se_124363140 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1756-3305&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1756-3305&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1756-3305&client=summon |